Plant Powder Research Articles

Assess the effectiveness of some plant powders in the fight against adult Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

This study aimed to the possibility of finding an effective device to protect grain storehouses from the infection by the Sitophilus oryzae through testing the vital influence of mint leaves powder Mentha spicata, Nerium oleander, Nicotiana tabacum, Zingiber officinale, and seed powder Trigonella foenum. in exterminating and repellent the insect through many concentration (1%, 3%, 5% ). The results revealed that the N.tabacum leaves powder has a high effectiveness , and the highest extermination rate reached 66.07% at a concentration of 5%. And after 20 days of treatment the N.oleander leaves powder reached its lowest rate of extermination 33.93% at a concentration of 5%. And with using of the insect attractant and repellent effect the study revealed that M.spicata leaves powder has an effective repellent influence, and its highest repellent rate reached -73.33% at a concentration of 5% and after 9 hours of treatment it revealed that Z.officinale powder had an insect attractant effect and its lowest attractant rate reached 13.33% at a concentration of 5%. This increasing of time and concentration had an explicit influence on the S.oryzae repellent and extermination rates. And the results indicate the possibility of using the botanical powder in the controlling, as an alternatives of chemical insecticides

Preparation and Evaluation of Capsules containing Standardized Extract of Wild Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus)

Wild Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) is a popular medicinal plant, rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, and has been associated with many beneficial properties including anticancer, cardioprotective, and antidepressant effects. This study aimed to prepare a standardized aqueous-alcoholic extract of the deried ariel parts of C. azarolus using two different extraction methods ((Magnetic mixer (MA), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (Us)), determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the obtained extracts, and compare it with the international product, and prepare capsules containing this extract to investigate the effect of different types and concentrations of disintegrating agents on the release profile of this capsules. The findings showed that the yield obtained by both extraction methods is almost the same (MA: 19.9 %, US: 18.4 %) we obtained the flavonoids of the following components (MA extract: powder of the externally marketed drug: prepared dry drug powder) used at a concentration (10 : 350: 352) mg on (36.95: 4.56: 2.299) as a percentage of flavonoids Four different formulations were filled in the hard gelatin capsules using 120 mg of the prepared extract as an active ingredient. The effect of three types of superdisintigrant (croscarmellose Sodiuom ccNa, Microcrystallin cellouse 101, Sodiuom Strach Glycolate SSG) on the dissolution rate of the active ingredient was then investigated. The study showed that the formulation without superdisintigrant released its content faster than others, but all formulations release their content after 45 min. A comparison dissolution test was performed between the Capsules containing the best formulation and the capsules containing a powder of the local Crataegus plant as well as international marketed capsules containing the powder of the Crataegus plant. The study showed that the capsules filled wih the extract released it’s content better than the other after 45 min.

Bacterial community structure of electrogenic biofilm developed on modified graphite anode in microbial fuel cell

Formation of electrogenic microbial biofilm on the electrode is critical for harvesting electrical power from wastewater in microbial biofuel cells (MFCs). Although the knowledge of bacterial community structures in the biofilm is vital for the rational design of MFC electrodes, an in-depth study on the subject is still awaiting. Herein, we attempt to address this issue by creating electrogenic biofilm on modified graphite anodes assembled in an air–cathode MFC. The modification was performed with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), polyaniline (PANI), and carbon nanotube (CNTs) separately. To accelerate the growth of the biofilm, soybean-potato composite (plant) powder was blended with these conductive materials during the fabrication of the anodes. The MFC fabricated with PANI-based anode delivered the current density of 324.2 mA cm−2, followed by CNTs (248.75 mA cm−2), rGO (193 mA cm−2), and blank (without coating) (151 mA cm−2) graphite electrodes. Likewise, the PANI-based anode supported a robust biofilm growth containing maximum bacterial cell densities with diverse shapes and sizes of the cells and broad metabolic functionality. The alpha diversity of the biofilm developed over the anode coated with PANI was the loftiest operational taxonomic unit (2058 OUT) and Shannon index (7.56), as disclosed from the high-throughput 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Further, within these taxonomic units, exoelectrogenic phyla comprising Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were maximum with their corresponding level (%) 45.5, 36.2, and 9.8. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacilli at the class level, while Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium at the genus level were comparatively higher in the PANI-based anode.

Comparative Investigations on Properties of Three Kinds of FDM 3D-Printed Natural Plant Powder/Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites.

In order to further explore the feasibility of the application of the residue of Chinese herbal medicine in FDM 3D technology and enrich the kinds of printing materials, Astragalus residue powder(ARP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposite was FDM 3D-printed, meanwhile, two traditional biocomposites, i.e., wood flour (WF)/PLA and rice straw powder (RSP)/PLA, were prepared by the same method, and the properties of the biocomposites were comparatively investigated. The results showed that, the tensile and flexural strengths of ARP/PLA were 28.33 MPa and 97.60 MPa, respectively, which were 2.85% and 10.89% smaller than those of WF/PLA, while 15.73% and 7.04% greater than those of RSP/PLA. WF/PLA showed typical brittle fracture characteristics, ARP/PLA and RSP/PLA both showed ductile fracture, but not obviously. Among the three kinds of biocomposites, ARP/PLA was the most thermally stable, followed by WF/PLA and RSP/PLA in turn. The incorporation of natural plant powder had no significant effect on the glassy transition, melting, and cold-crystallization behaviors of PLA, but the crystallinity of PLA could be increased from 0.3% to 2.0% and 1.9%, respectively, by adding ARP and WF. At 20 °C, the storage modulus of ARP/PLA, WF/PLA and RSP/PLA was 2759.4 MPa, 3361.3 MPa, and 2691.5 MPa, respectively, indicating that WF/PLA has the greatest stiffness, and the stiffness of RSP/PLA was the least. In addition to these, all the biocomposites were hydrophilic, the contact angle of the distilled water on the surface of ARP/PLA, WF/PLA or RSP/PLA was correspondingly 73.5°, 77.6° and 71.2°. Overall, it can be concluded that ARP/PLA has moderate strengths, stiffness and wettability, meanwhile, it is the most thermal stable among the three biocomposites, and can be processed at a temperature close to that of PLA. ARP/PLA is suitable as a new kind of feedstock material for FDM 3D printing.

Test the efficacy of some powders and vegetable oils in combating the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculates (Fab.) (Bruchidae: coleopteran)

This study was carried out in Biological laboratories of Tikrit University the study aim evaluate the efficiency of some plant powders (Myrtus communis. Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum) and its oil in combating Callosobrachus maculates. Five concentration of powder (7,6,5,4.3) gm/10gm and oils (0.05, 0.04,0.03,0.02,0.01) ml / 10 gm were used. The percentage of killing were calculated for five days respectively.
 The best powder and oil effect in percentage of killing was Menthea piperita with an average(92.03 ,93.00) respectively. The result also showed that the effect of Seven pestiside in killing of adult which used in five conventration (0.001, 0.01, 0.2, 0.3, 1.0 %) gm., the highest effect was (1%) gm. which the percentage reached %100 after 24,28 hours.

Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and thrombolytic activities of Centella asiatica L.: possible role of phenolics and flavonoids

BackgroundCentella asiatica L. (Apiaceae), a green leafy vegetable, has been used as a popular folk medicine in Bangladesh in the treatment of various ailments. The plant is reported to contain phenolics and flavonoids, but their bioactive potentials are not yet completely known. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the phenolic and flavonoids in the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and thrombolytic activities.MethodsFour solvent fractions viz. methanol (MSF), ethyl acetate (ESF), chloroform (CSF) and petroleum ether (PSF) were prepared from the dried powder of the whole plant by the modified Kupchan method. Total phenolic content and flavonoid content were determined by Folin Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity assays. The antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Thrombolytic activity was assayed using streptokinase as standard.ResultsQualitative analysis of phytochemical revealed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids along with other bioactive constituents. Among the extractives, CSF contained the highest content of phenolics (155.46 ± 0.52 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (345.17 ± 1.12 mg QE/g) and exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity (179.01 ± 0.89 mg AAE/g) and DPPH scavenging ability (IC50; 15.31 ± 0.32 µg/mL). Similarly, CSF showed the highest cytotoxicity with LC50 values of 13.80 ± 0.23 µg/mL, and thrombolytic activity with 43.94 ± 0.62% clot lysis. The fraction also exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity. A significant correlation was observed between the flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity (r2 = 0.894, p < 0.05), while high correlation was seen between phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity (r2 = 0.612–0.928). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between phenolic and flavonoid content with thrombolytic and antibacterial activities.ConclusionThese results revealed that C. asiatica is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids and correlated with antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and thrombolytic activities. Hence isolation of phenolics and flavonoids from this plant may offer potential candidates which may be effective in the prevention of many chronic diseases.

Evaluation of efficacy of various plant powders against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) on stored wheat

The investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different plant powders against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) on stored wheat in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, during 2021-22 at 30.25 ± 0.25ºC temperature and 75.00 ± 5.06% relative humidity. All the powders of Azadirachta indica A. Juss leaves, Pongamia pinnata L. leaves, Ocimum basilicum L. leaves, Piper nigrum L. seeds, A. indica kernel, Allium sativum L. cloves, Allium cepa L. bulbs and Curcuma longa L. rhizome, were superior to the untreated check but the efficacy level varied. The A. indica kernel powder @5g/kg (91.67%) was significantly superior over rest of the treatments with highest per cent mortality which was at par with A. indica kernel powder @2.5g/kg (88.30%). Whereas, significantly lowest mortality recorded in treatment O. basilicum powder @5g/kg (58.33%) and O. basilicum powder @10g/kg (40.00%).

Isolation of Bioactive Constituent from the Leaves of Acalypha indica L. and Evaluated in vitro Larvicidal and Molecular Docking Studies

The process of mosquito control using synthetic substances having lot of hazardous effects to human and the environment. So, there is an urgent need to develop plant based insecticides. The ethanolic extract of medicinal plant Acalypha indica leaves was imperiled to preliminary phytochemical screening, bioactive fraction isolation, larvicidal activity and molecular docking studies. Preliminary phytochemical screening displayed the existence of steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sugars and saponins in ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. The isolated bioactive compound was confirmed by using spectroscopic methods such as GC-MS, FT-IR, NMR (1H &amp; 13C) and elemental analyses. The spectroscopic data confirmed the isolated compound was bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (1). Compound 1 exerted more larvicidal activity than plant powder and its ethanolic extract with an LD50 value of 38.23 μg/mL, which was better than that of control permethrin with an LD50 value of 54.05 μg/mL. Plant powder and ethanolic extract were moderate larvicidal effect towards C. quinquefasciatus with LD50 values of &gt;100 and 75.13 μg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking studies shows significant supporting evidence for larvicidal activity.

RESPONSE OF FIVE SELECTED STORED LEGUME SEEDS SPECIES TO OVIPOSITION DETERRENT, OVICIDAL AND GRAIN PROTECTANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME BOTANICALS AGAINST Callosobruchus Maculatus (FAB.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Ten plant powders were tested at 2% on five legume seeds for their entomocidal effects against Callosobruchus maculatus. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five pairs of freshly emerged adult bruchids was used to treat 40g of disinfected legume seed types with 2g of the selected plant powders. An analysis of variance was performed on the data on the percentage of oviposition deterrence, hatchability, pest tolerance, and weight loss. Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (87.02%) P. guineense (77.36%) and E. aromatica (73%) significantly deterred oviposition. The maximum percentage egg hatched was recorded in G. max (94.71%) and significantly lower on C. cajan with P. guineense (2.33). Ife Brown (20.83%) recorded significantly lowest tolerance compared to M. pruriens (99.17%). Percentage weight loss was significantly reduced in G. max irrespective of treatment and M. pruriens suffer no weight loss. Incorporation of Z. zanthoxyloides, P. guineense and E. aromatica powder proved to be promising biopesticide.

Evaluation of efficacy of various plant powders against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) on stored wheat

Evaluation of efficacy of various plant powders against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) on stored wheat

Evaluation of the allelopathic effect of some cruciferous plants on germination and growth of Johnsongrass

Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a dangerous weed causes great losses in agricultural crops. It is difficult to control due to its reproduction by rhizomes, and its resistance to herbicides. This study aims to evaluate the allelopathic performance of five species of cruciferous plants on germination and some growth indicators of Johnsongrass seeds and rhizomes. Cruciferous species are white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, turnip, and garden rocket. The aqueous extracts of all these plants were prepared in 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations. Germination inhibition rate, shoot, and radicle length of the seedlings of Johnsongrass were calculated over control environment. The powders of whole cruciferous plants were also analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that garden rocket had the highest effect on the germination inhibition of both seeds and rhizomes. Garden rocket extracts at 10% and 20% concentrations reduced seeds germination by 100%. On the other hand, rhizomes germination inhibition for 10% and 20% concentrations were found 85.3% and 92.7% respectively. The effects of aqueous extracts of cruciferous plants on shoots and radicals were similar to their effects on the germination of Johnsongrass. The allelopathic effect also increased with increasing concentration of the aqueous extract. The most effective cruciferous plant on the biomarkers of Johnsongrass was garden rocket, while red cabbage was the least. The cruciferous plants, especially garden rocket, have a strong allelopathic effect that can be used as an alternative to herbicides in the control of Johnsongrass.

Potential application of dry medicinal plant powders in controlling black spot on Chinese kale and chili anthracnose diseases

Potential application of dry medicinal plant powders in controlling black spot on Chinese kale and chili anthracnose diseases

Investigation on natural plant powder reinforced 3D printed composite absorption properties

In addition to the freedom of design offered by 3-D printing, additive manufacturing (AM) also offers the ability to fabricate complex structures with minimal waste due to its additive nature. A key factor driving the growth of composite 3D printing is the ability to reduce the cost and streamline the traditional manufacturing processes of composite materials, as well as the ability to simplify the process. For instance, most of them require manual laying up of the layers of a composite, and these materials have to be cured using expensive curing equipment and tools. Additionally, 3D printing is not the only method that can be used to fabricate composite components; there are several other methods as well. In this research work natural plant based powders are reinforced to the PLA filament with different weight percentages. Then the different water and chemical solutions are used to investigate the absorbance behaviour of natural fibre incorporated 3D printed composites. The hardness test also measured the 3D printed composite samples by using Durometer. The major aim of this research work is to investigate the natural fibre reinforced 3D printed composite plates hardness and absorbance behaviour especially for light weight material applications.

Abstract 1336: Proximate analysis of nutrients and in vitro radical scavenging efficacy in selected medicinal plant powders and standard poultry feed

Abstract 1336: Proximate analysis of nutrients and in vitro radical scavenging efficacy in selected medicinal plant powders and standard poultry feed

Mouthwash Preparation Using Stevia and Neem Based Silver Nanoparticles and Its Cytotoxic Activity

Introduction: Azadirachta indica (Neem) may be a rapid-growing plant even in severe drought which shed most of its leaves. The branches are wide and spreading. In this present investigation, we have prepared mouthwash using Stevia and Neem-based silver nanoparticles. Materials And Methods: Azadirachta indica and Stevia rebaudiana plant powder form was taken. 1g of Neem and Stevia extract powder mixed with 100ml of distilled water and then it was boiled, cooled and filtered with filtered paper and allowed to settle and the extract mixture was found to be 50ml and filtered. Results And Discussion :The plant had exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect at higher concentrations. Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Neem and Stevia was primarily identified by visual identification; the appearance of silver and whitish colour in reaction mixture indicates nanoparticles. Conclusion :The present study revealed that the silver nanoparticles can be synthesised in a simple eco-friendly method using Neem and Stevia .

Evaluation of the Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacognostic Indicator of Crude Whole Plant Powder of Azolla microphylla by Fluorescence Analysis with Different Chemical Reagents

Evaluation of the Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacognostic Indicator of Crude Whole Plant Powder of Azolla microphylla by Fluorescence Analysis with Different Chemical Reagents

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CREAM CONTAINING CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AND CENTELLA ASIATICA AQUEOUS EXTRACTS

The objective of this study was preparing and evaluating cream formulations containing aqueous extracts of Calendula officinalis and Centella asiatica, and also to conduct a preliminary phytochemical analysis for the said aqueous extracts. The plant aqueous extracts were prepared by macerating the dry powders of the aforementioned plants; water-in-oil creams were prepared in varying concentrations of Calendula officinalis and Centella asiatica aqueous extracts (5%, 7.5% and 10%). The creams thus prepared varied in the colour and texture, but all had good physical characters for a cream. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows that Calendula officinalis aqueous extract contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins, while Centella asiatica aqueous extract contains flavonoids and tannins. Based on the results we have concluded that the formulation containing 5% of aqueous had the best overall characteristics of a cream compared to the other formulations as it had a good colour, was smooth in texture and had better stability.

Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Effect of Methanolic Extract of Nasturtium Officinale

Introduction: Scientists have shown a growing interest in the use of herbs due to their valuable effect on human health. The antioxidant activity of medicinal plants is a powerful reason to use them in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Nasturtium officinale. Methods: Aerial parts of N. officinale were dried and ground. Then, plant samples were prepared using homogenizing plant powders in a methanol solution. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the plants was assessed by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Results: The results of the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of N. officinale exhibited that the total antioxidant capacity was obtained as 2.83 mmol Fe2+/L. Conclusion: Our findings showed a potent antioxidant activity for N. officinale. It is recommended that the administration of N. officinale for therapeutic purposes could possibly possess beneficial health effects.

Determination of the Total Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Falcaria Vulgaris

Introduction: A growing tendency to the administration of medicinal plants is observed because of their amazing influence on human health. Pharmaceutical and food industries recommend the use of medicinal plants due to their antioxidant properties. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of Falcaria vulgaris. Methods: Aerial parts of F. vulgaris were dried and ground. Then, plant samples were prepared using homogenizing plant powders in a methanol solution. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity of the plants was assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the total antioxidant capacity was obtained as 2.86 mmol Fe2+/L for the methanolic extract of F. vulgaris. Conclusion: According to the findings, F. vulgaris had a strong antioxidant capacity. It could be concluded that the administration of F. vulgaris in food and pharmaceutical industries could possibly affect positively human health.

Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic cell lines activity of Passiflora caerulea L.

Passiflora caerulea L. (blue passion flower) is a member of the genus Passiflora, which contains over 500 species and is popular worldwide for its diverse medicinal properties. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out for the methanolic extract of the plant leaves and the tests revealed that the plant contains a wide range of medicinally important secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, cyanogenic compounds, phenolic compounds and glycosyl flavonoids. Among a host of organic solvents which were used for extraction, the methanolic extract was particularly found to possess high concentrations of carbohydrates, glycosides, free amino acids, glycosides, fats and alkaloids. Also, flavonoids, phytosterols, saponins, tannins and other phenolic compounds were present at lower levels in the methanolic extract. We tested the antioxidant potential of the P. caerulea methanolic leaf extract and discovered that it possessed nitric oxide scavenging activity of close to 80% w.r.t at 100 μg/mL against ascorbic acid control (100%). In the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the extract (100 μg/mL) possessed antioxidant potential of 72.3% and 70%, respectively, w.r.t ascorbic acid control taken at 100 μg/mL. The plant powder was assessed quantitatively for presence of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, ascorbic acid, tannins and flavonoids and the concentrations of these compounds were found to be 14.26 mg/g, , respectively. MTT assay results showed that the crude methanolic extract of the plant possessed appreciable activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Although the IC50 values of the extract against MCF-7 cells were much lesser comparatively w.r.t control doxorubicin, the crude extract possessed considerable activity against MCF-7 cells when compared to the standard drug, doxorubicin. These results necessitate deeper investigations into the pharmacological and therapeutic usefulness of purified compounds from P. caerulea. Though P. incarnata is the most widely studied species in the Passiflora genus, P. caerulea is relatively poorly studied. This paper shows the phytochemical composition and biological activities of P. caerulea.