Waste Powder Research Articles

The effect of using surface functionalized granite powder waste on fresh properties of 3D-printed cementitious composites

The production of low-emission additive manufactured cementitious composites using functionalized rock powders offers promising mechanical properties and significantly reduces cement consumption. The effect of powder functionalization on the rheological properties of the mixture remains unclear, so this study investigated how mechanical and chemical functionalization of granite powder waste affects the viscoelastic properties of a cementitious mixture for additive manufacturing. Compression tests were used to track stress-strain changes over time, while Vane and slug tests measured yield stress in mixes with 20 % and 40 % cement replaced by natural (NGP), sieved (SGP), and carbonated granite powder (CGP). The results showed that all three powders (NGP, SGP, and CGP) increased yield stress compared to the reference mix, with CGP having the smallest effect. The functionalization of granite powder may enable the creation of desirable viscoelastic mixtures using sustainable materials. We observed that functionalizing granite powder (SGP and CGP) accelerated changes in the mixture rheological properties, with yield stress increasing by up to 33 %, while NGP showed minimal impact, similar to the reference mix. Differences between the Vane and Slug test results were also identified and their limitations described.

Studies on particleboard production using Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) waste as a binder for construction applications

This study explored the potential of using EPS waste as a substitute for synthetic resin in particleboard production. The objectives were to assess the impact of various processing parameters, including board density, EPS waste percentage, and pressing temperature, on the properties of the board. For this purpose, lab-scale particleboards were fabricated by combining kelempayan wood particles with EPS waste powders. Subsequently, the physical, mechanical, and thermal stability properties of the board were assessed. The results indicated that the board density, EPS waste percentage, and pressing temperature influenced the physical, mechanical, and thermal stability properties of the board. The bending properties, internal bond (IB) strength, and thickness swelling (TS) of the board exhibited an upward trend with increasing board density. At the same time, the TS decreased while bending properties and IB strength increased with rising EPS waste percentages and pressing temperatures. Notably, the board fabricated with a target density of 0.70 g/cm3, comprising 20 % EPS waste and pressed at 180°C, met the standard requirements for particleboard designated for construction purposes, except the modulus of rupture (MOR), which is slightly lower than the standard requirement. In addition, the thermal stability of the board increased with higher pressing temperatures. Conversely, increasing the density and EPS waste percentage to 40 % appeared to decrease the thermal stability of the board. These findings underscore the significant potential of EPS waste as a binder in particleboard production.

Processing of molybdenum industrial waste into sustainable and efficient nanocatalysts for water electrolysis reactions

AbstractThe increasing need for sustainable energy and the transition from a linear to a circular economy pose great challenges to the materials science community. In this view, the chance of producing efficient nanocatalysts for water splitting using industrial waste as starting material is attractive. Here, we report low-cost processes to convert Mo-based industrial waste powder into efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). pH controlled hydrothermal processing of Mo-based industrial waste powder leads to pure orthorhombic MoO3 nanobelts (50–200 nm wide, 10 µm long) with promising OER performances at 10 mA·cm−2 with an overpotential of 324 mV and Tafel slope of 45 mV·dec−1 in alkaline electrolyte. Indeed, MoS2/MoO3 nanostructures were obtained after sulfurization during hydrothermal processes of the MoO3 nanobelts. HER tests in acidic environment show a promising overpotential of 208 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 94 mV·dec−1. OER and HER performances of nanocatalysts obtained from Mo industrial waste powder are comparable or better than Mo-based nanocatalysts obtained from pure commercial Mo reagent. This work shows the great potential of reusing industrial waste for energy applications, opening a promising road to join waste management and efficient and sustainable nanocatalysts for water splitting.

A universal strategy for efficient separation from single emulsion separation to oil-in-water and water-in-oil mixed emulsions

To realize efficient treatment of oily wastewater, various super-wetting materials have been developed. Oily wastewater is often complex and may contain both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. However, most of the current studies focus on the treatment of single emulsions, and there are fewer studies on the simultaneous separation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. In this paper, by removing hemicellulose and lignin from bamboo processing waste powder (BPWP), the treated bamboo powder (TBP) containing mainly cellulose was obtained. TBP has superoleophobicity underwater and superhydrophilicity underoil, which can separate not only various oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by surfactants, but also water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by different surfactants, and the separation efficiency is higher than 99 %. The separation efficiencies of TBP for different water-in-oil emulsions were all higher than 99 %. On this basis, we have established an intelligent device that makes full use of underwater super-hydrophobic and under-oil super-hydrophilic properties to realize the purification of water and de-watering and recycling of floating oil in complex oil-water systems. This work provides a very promising direction for industrial application in practical oily wastewater treatment and fuel recovery.

Establishment and evaluation of dynamic viscoelasticity constitutive model for asphalt mixtures based on PCA model: Utilizing coal-based synthetic natural gas slag and phosphogypsum whisker as substitute fillers

To promote the secondary utilization of solid waste in asphalt pavement and reduce resource waste and environmental damage, the fine solid waste powder from the secondary treatment of solid waste was used as a substitute filler to prepare asphalt mixtures. To more precisely characterize the effects of filler type and substitution ratio on the dynamic viscoelastic mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixtures, the dynamic modulus test was conducted on asphalt mixtures, while the dynamic modulus master curve of asphalt mixtures was established based on the time-temperature equivalent principle and the Sigmoidal function. The improved generalized Sigmoidal (IGS) model, five-parameter fractional Zener (FFZ) model, six-parameter fractional Zener (SFZ) model and ten-parameter fractional Zener (TFZ) model were used to construct the shrinkage frequency curves of different asphalt mixtures under different constitutive relationships, whereas the applicability of the constitutive models was further evaluated by the principal component analysis (PCA) model. The research results showed that the dynamic modulus and phase angle of the mixture exhibited a similar change rule with the variation of temperature and frequency, and the use of solid waste-based fillers could effectively reduce the effect of frequency variation on the viscoelasticity of the mixture. The dynamic modulus master curve constructed by Sigmoidal function could accurately describe the functional relationship between the dynamic modulus with loading frequency and temperature, and the variation trend of dynamic modulus in a wider frequency range was flattened with the increase in frequency, and this change rule was not affected by the substitution ratio of the filler, while the use of solid waste-based filler could reduce the dependence of the mixture on the temperature. Compared to several fractional constitutive models, the IGS model exhibited a higher fitting accuracy for the dynamic viscoelasticity of several mixtures, and with the use of solid waste-based fillers, the deviation of fitting curves gradually decreased. A comparative study showed that the fractional constitutive model was difficult to accurately describe the dynamic viscoelasticity of the mixture, and the IGS model was preferred to be recommended as a calculation model to investigate the constitutive relationship on the dynamic viscoelasticity of the mixture.

Stress–strain behaviour and degradation mechanism of low–carbon MgO–C refractories at 900–1100 °C: role of TiB2–BN–AlN waste

The use of boron–containing additives often raises concerns when exposed to high temperatures. In this study, the high temperature stress–strain behavior and degradation mechanism of low–carbon MgO–C refractories containing TiB2–BN–AlN waste were investigated. Stress–strain curve, peak axial stress, Young’s modulus, cohesion, and residual strength ratio after thermal shock tests were thoroughly analyzed. The findings suggest that the mechanical properties of refractories remain unimpaired within the temperature range of 900–1100 ℃, and can even be enhanced through the synergistic effect of TiB2–BN–AlN waste and Al powder. The optimized axial stress increased from 55.0 to 62.0 MPa at 1100 ℃, while the cohesion increased from 10.0 to 13.8 MPa, respectively. The observed enhancement can be primarily attributed to the effective healing of pores and cracks, reduction in oxidation, and improved material cohesion. However, the excessive incorporation of boron–containing waste may compromise the performance of refractories, leading to instability or degradation.

Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of concrete incorporating fly ash and marble powder waste

This research is focused on the development of an eco-friendly low-cost concrete using fly ash (FA) and marble powder waste (MPW) as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively. The substantial use of cement in concrete makes it expensive and contributes to global warming due to high carbon emissions. Thus, using such waste materials can help reduce the overall carbon footprint. For this purpose, various mix designs of concrete were developed by varying the percentages of FA and MPW. The concrete's fresh and hardened properties were experimentally determined for those mixes. The test results revealed that MPW as a sand substitute increases strength up to 40% and gradually decreases beyond that, but a 60% replacement still has more strength than the control specimen. Similarly, using FA as a cement replacement was found to reduce the strength, but the reduction was not very significant up to 20%. A mixed blend of FA and MPW showed superior results and maximum strength was obtained at F10M40. The optimal mix, with 10% FA and 40% MPW (F10M40), achieved a compressive strength of 4493.46 psi, a 16.21% improvement compared to the control mix proportion. Furthermore, the microstructure of the cementitious material was improved due to the pozzolanic reaction that led to a denser microstructure, as supported by the permeability test and SEM analysis.

Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Strength of Glass Powder Waste Concrete

Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Strength of Glass Powder Waste Concrete

Analisis Pengaruh Serbuk Besi Sebagai Substitusi Agregat Halus pada Lataston Lapis Aus (HRS-WC) Terhadap Kinerja Jalan Beraspal

Damage to flexible pavements is still commonly found in Indonesia. As technology develops, there is some research regarding using iron powder as an alternative replacement material for asphalt mixtures. This research used iron powder waste as a substitute for fine aggregate in Hot Rolled Sheet–Wearing Course with levels of 0%,15%,30%, and 45%. The purpose of this research to determine the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) and optimum percentage of iron powder waste addition as a substitute for fine aggregate to the indicator of Marshall test based on The General Specification of Bina Marga 2018 (Revision 2). Based on Marshall testing that has been carried out, the OAC values are 7,5% with an average of stability 2040,46 kg, flow 3,40 mm, MQ 600,24 kg/mm, voids in mix 4,69%, voids in mineral aggregate 18,30%, and voids filled with asphalt 74,39%. While the optimum percentage of iron powder value is 13% with an average of stability 2091,90 kg, flow 3,17 mm, MQ 662,79 kg/mm, voids in mix 3,92%, voids in mineral aggregate 17,59%, and voids filled with asphalt 77,72%. The result met the General Specification of Bina Marga 2018 (Revision 2). The addition of iron powder as a substitute for fine aggregate in HRS-WC is can increase stability but reduce air voids in the asphalt mixture. This result makes the asphalt mixture more impermeable and plastic.

Date nawah powder as a promising waste for β-mannanase production from a new isolate Aspergillus niger MSSFW, statistically improving production and enzymatic characterization

β-Mannanase producing fungus was isolated from coffee powder waste and identified as Aspergillus niger MSSFW (Gen Bank accession number OR668928). Dates nawah powder as industrial and agricultural waste was the most inducer of β-mannanase production. The Plackett–Burman and Central Composite designs were used to improve β-mannanase titer. Optimization studies enhanced the enzyme yield with approximate 13.50-times. β-Mannanase was purified by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration column and the molecular weight was estimated to be 60 kDa by SDS–PAGE. Crude and purified β-mannanase displayed maximum activity at temperature 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Crude β-mannanase showed an activation energy value 2.35-times higher than the purified enzyme. Activation energy for thermal denaturation of the purified β-mannanase was 1.08-times higher than that of the crude enzyme. Purified β-mannanase exhibited higher deactivation rate constant (Kd) and lower half-life (t0.5) and decimal reduction time (D-value) compared with the crude enzyme. Thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy values for crude and purified β-mannanase were calculated. Substrate kinetic parameters suggested that the purified β-mannanase had a strong affinity toward locust bean gum by showing 3.44-times lower Km and 1.99-times higher Vmax compared to the crude enzyme.

Enhancing Compressive Strength and Sustainability – High-Performance Concrete with Fly Ash and Brick Waste Powder

Enhancing Compressive Strength and Sustainability – High-Performance Concrete with Fly Ash and Brick Waste Powder

Upcycling of waste photovoltaic silicon: Co-MOF derived coating layer enhanced lithium storage

Large amounts of silicon waste (W-Si) powders or ingots from the photovoltaic (PV) industry can be recycled as the improved raw negative electrode material in Lithium-ion batteries. Herein, Co-MOFs (ZIF-67) is produced in the form of small particles which turns into the uniform coating layer on the surface of micro-sized W-Si by solvent evaporation, and then ZIF-67 is carbonized to form nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) layer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Finally, W-Si/NC/Co/CNTs composites are formed. The continuous and uniform NC layer and CNTs formed by the catalyzation of Co on the surface of the silicon particles can inhibit the volume expansion of silicon during the charge and discharge process, showing the reversible discharge capacity of 1039 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The rate performance is also improved due to the high conductivity composite structure. This work can provide a choice for the composite of MOF and micro-silicon, and the meaning guidance for the application of silicon waste from PV industry.

Investigation of adsorption potential of waste jewelry meerschaum powder for Cu(II) and cationic dye

The presence of heavy metals and pollutant dyes can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and compromise aquatic aesthetics. This study investigates the use of unprocessed waste gem meerschaum powder as a new adsorbent in the removal of both Cu(II) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions to reduce water pollution. The structure of the waste powder was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and BET methods. Optimization of Cu(II) and MB dye removal was carried out using design of experiment technique. Under optimum conditions, remarkable removal efficiencies of 95.5% (± 3.7) for Cu(II) and 97.8% (± 0.4) for MB were achieved. The removal of Cu(II) followed the Freundlich isotherm model, while the removal of MB dye adhered to the Langmuir isotherm model. Both adsorption processes obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and occurred spontaneously. This innovative approach offers a promising solution to water pollution by highlighting the importance of sustainable and cost-effective waste use.

Synthesis of xonotlite using quartz glass powder waste as a silicon source

Quartz glass powder is a type of silicon-rich industrial waste. Accumulation of this waste has led to resource wastage and environmental pollution. In this paper, quartz glass powder is used as raw material for preparing xonotlite through hydrothermal synthesis. The effects of Ca/Si (C/S) molar ratio, liquid/solid ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the conversion of quartz are studied. The phase and structural changes of glass powder are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on this, the conversion mechanism of quartz in glass powder is explained. The dissolution rate of quartz in an alkaline solution is a critical factor that restricts hydrothermal reactions. The conversion rate of quartz can be effectively increased by raising reaction temperature and extending reaction time. When the reaction temperature is 240 °C and the reaction time reaches 14 h, the conversion of quartz can reach 94.5 wt%. This study reveals the conversion mechanism of quartz in hydrothermal reactions and provides a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of glass powder.

Ceramic waste powder as a cement replacement in concrete paving blocks: mechanical properties and environmental assessment

ABSTRACT In the quest for eco-friendly alternatives to ordinary Portland cement, a material extensively used in the manufacture of concrete paving blocks, this study explores the potential of ceramic waste powder. Towards this, a parametric investigation is conducted into the effects of substituting cement with ceramic waste powder on the mechanical properties and durability performance of mass-produced pressed concrete blocks. The findings reveal that the incorporation of ceramic waste powder as a partial cement replacement can markedly enhance the strength and durability of the paving blocks. Specifically, mixtures, containing 20% and 30% ceramic waste powder, demonstrated an increase in compressive and tensile strength by 30% and 19%, respectively, compared to their control counterparts. In addition, the modified blocks exhibited a decrease in water absorption and weight loss after undergoing freezing and thawing cycles by 8% and 40%, respectively. A life cycle assessment corroborates the environmental viability of ceramic waste powder as a cement substitute, indicating reductions across all environmental impact categories, with notable improvements. This research paves the way for more sustainable solutions in pedestrian pavement construction, underscoring the potential of ceramic waste powder as a significant contributor to global sustainability efforts in the construction industry.

Preparation and Properties of High Sound-Absorbing Porous Ceramics Reinforced by In Situ Mullite Whisker from Construction Waste.

Porous sound absorption ceramic is one of the most promising materials for effectively eliminating noise pollution. However, its high production cost and low mechanical strength limit its practical applications. In this work, low-cost and in situ mullite whisker-reinforced porous sound-absorbing ceramics were prepared using recyclable construction waste and Al2O3 powder as the main raw materials, and AlF3 and CeO2 as the additives, respectively. The effects of CeO2 content, AlF3 content, and sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of the porous ceramics were systematically investigated. The results showed that a small amount of CeO2 significantly promoted the growth of elongated mullite crystals in the resultant porous ceramics, decreased the growth temperature of the mullite whiskers, and significantly increased the biaxial flexural strength. When 2 wt.% CeO2 and 12 wt.% AlF3 were added to the system, mullite whiskers were successfully obtained at a sintering temperature of 1300 °C for 1 h, which exhibited excellent properties, including an open porosity of 56.4 ± 0.6%, an average pore size of 1.32-2.54 μm, a biaxial flexural strength of 23.7 ± 0.9 MPa, and a sound absorption coefficient of >0.8 at 800-4000 Hz.

Investigation on the influence of waste-based fillers on the mechanical and thermal characteristics of rigid polyurethane foams

An investigation was conducted to analyze the impact of incorporating coal powder particles at different weight ratios (5, 10, 15, 25, and 35) on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity coefficient of the polyurethane polymer. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples was calculated using Holmarc's Lee's Disc apparatus device. The mechanical properties like compressive, tensile, and bending strengths were measured using a universal machine. The results indicated that increasing the coal powder ratio leads to an improvement in the thermal insulation ability due to a decrease in the value of thermal conductivity. Also, the addition of these percentages led to a rise in the values of the mechanical qualities represented by the compressive strength, especially at the ratio of 25 wt. %, with a value equal to 2.79 MPa (MPa). The flexural resistance and tensile strength increase at a ratio of 35 wt. %, with values equal to 20.4 MPa and 2.86 MPa respectively. The results indicate that the addition of coal powder enhances the ability of thermal conductivity at the ratios (5 %, 10) wt. %, with values equal to 0.119 W/m ºC and 0.114 W/m ºC, respectively, by increasing the thermal conductivities of the samples. The aim of this study is, investigate the effect of filler used coal powder waste on the mechanical and thermal properties of PU. The filler materials show the advantages of recycling waste. Filler influences the morphology and strengthens the brittleness. Additionally, the technology of polyurethane materials conforms to the use of coal powder. The overall amount of energy used to produce PU composites is decreased when waste of filler is used to partially replace petrochemical components

Exploring flexural performance and abrasion resistance in recycled brick powder-based engineered geopolymer composites

BackgroundDue to growing global concerns regarding the management of construction waste, this study investigates the feasibility of creating engineered geopolymer composites by replacing traditional industrial by-products (slag) with construction waste, specifically recycled brick waste powder.ResultsPolyvinyl alcohol fibers were incorporated into the engineered geopolymer composite mixtures. The substitution of slag with recycled brick waste powder was carried out at varying percentages: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, resulting in six different engineered geopolymer composite mixtures. The study evaluated the flexural strength, sorptivity, water absorption, and abrasion resistance of the engineered geopolymer composites, and also, microstructural characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The findings demonstrated that incorporating recycled brick waste powder into the engineered geopolymer composite mixes resulted in a decrease in flexural strength by 35.59% and a notable increase in midspan deflection by 339% when slag was replaced. Concurrently, there was a significant rise in water absorption and sorptivity by approximately 304 and 214%, respectively, when slag was entirely substituted with recycled brick waste powder. Conversely, abrasion resistance decreased, with the inclusion of recycled brick waste powder resulting in an 84% increase in volume change. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed active geopolymerization of recycled brick waste powder within the engineered geopolymer composite mixtures.ConclusionsThe results of this investigation demonstrate that it is feasible to produce engineered geopolymer composites using recycled brick waste powder instead of slag. The greater ductility and increased midspan deflection point to areas that require further optimization, even in spite of the observed decreases in flexural strength and abrasion resistance. The SEM examination reveals an active geopolymerization, highlighting the potential of recycled brick waste powder to produce environmentally friendly and sustainable construction materials. These results offer a good starting point for further studies that try to maximize the durability and performance of these composites.

Development of phase change eco-composite materials from eggshell waste

ABSTRACT The consumption of eggshell powder (ES) as an affluent source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can efficiently solve both ecological and financial interest. The use of eggshell waste in eco-composite materials (ECPCMs) is an attempt to reduce waste's negative effects. Eco-composite powders of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were obtained by mechanical grinding. Compression molding was used to produce plates from the ground powders. FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the ECPCMs were physically combined and the crystallinity of the two components was affected. According to TGA, the thermal stability of ECPCMs was improved, thanks to the use of eggshell waste powder. On the other hand, the results of the DSC showed that ECPCM with the addition of 90 wt% of PEG in the mixture provides excellent thermal stability and high energy storage density. In light of its high latent heat storage capacity of 156.1 J/g as well as its ability to prevent PEG exudation. Significant enhancement in melting-solidification time shows an improvement in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) response time by adding ES to the PCM. The obtained results indicate a good potential for industrially applied ECPCMs.

Efficient Self-cleaning and antibacterial ceramics with active sites fully exposed obtained from rare earth waste

The utilization of rare earth polishing powder waste (RPW) to prepare antibacterial ceramics can effectively avoid problems of pollution in the recycling process and waste of rare earth resources. Herein, a novel RPW-based antibacterial ceramics was developed, which possesses the core-shell structure with ceramics as the cores and the CeO2/BiOCl as the superficial coating. The antibacterial ceramics display notable antibacterial activity, and the inactivation rates of 3.3 log under visible light irradiation in 30 min and 2.4 log under darkness in 1 h were achieved, and the zone of inhibition values was found to be 16.6 mm for E.coil. The hardness of antibacterial ceramics was measured to be 897 (±38) HV, higher than commercial porcelain's hardness (600 HV). The antibacterial mechanism was verified by the Ce ion release, reactive species, and fluorescence-based live/dead cells. This study presents a novel antibacterial ceramic structure and green economic reuse method of rare earth waste.