Granulated Powder Research Articles

Mathematical model and numerical investigation of the influence of spray drying parameters on granule sizes of mold powder

In this work, the formation mechanism of the droplet-to-granule was investigated in detail based on mold powder manufacturing. A specific mathematical model of two-stage spray drying was established to describe droplet and granule motion, heat and mass transfer, and granule morphology during spray drying. Then, the relationships between spray drying parameters (inlet temperature, atomization pressure, slurry mass flow rate) and the properties of the drying tower (temperature and velocity fields) and mold powder granules (temperature, evaporation rates, moisture content, and diameter) were simulated and calculated using ANSYS/Fluent software. To ensure that the granule size of mold powder was controlled within the ideal range (0.2–0.6 mm) for producing granules with appropriate mechanical and metallurgical properties, the following optimum spray drying parameters were chosen based on the results of the numerical simulation: inlet temperatures, 873 K; slurry atomization pressure, 1.8 MPa; slurry mass flow rate, 0.05 kg s−1. Among these parameters, the slurry mass flow rate has the most significant effect on granule size.

Bifidobacterium Triple Viable Granules Combined with Montmorillonite Powder in the Therapy of Children with Diarrhea

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium triple viable granules combined with montmorillonite powder in children with diarrhea. To this end, 60 children with diarrhea were divided into two groups of equal size, with one receiving montmorillonite powder alone (control) and the other receiving montmorillonite powder plus Bifidobacterium triple viable granules (treatment). The children in the treatment group experienced significantly higher overall relief from diarrhea that was associated with shorter durations of fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting, as well as shorter recovery times for stool characters and stool frequency. Also, the serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-6 were lower, while Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin M levels were higher in the treatment group than the control group (P < 0.05). There were far fewer adverse reactions in the treatment group than in the control group. In summary, Bifidobacterium triple viable granules combined with montmorillonite powder are clinically superior in treating children with diarrhea.

Anticipated transients without scram in an innovative power nuclear reactor of anomalously high power

The article considers the possibility of creating a safe power reactor of anomalously high power. This may be relevant in the transition to large-scale safe and environmentally acceptable nuclear power. The safety justification is carried out based on mathematical modeling of the most dangerous emergency modes from among ATWS (anticipated transients without scram). With the use of a number of innovations (the UN-PuN-U cermets fuel used, a coolant based on lead with a high concentration of the 208Pb isotope, and tungsten fuel cladding), it was possible to ensure the safety of a fast reactor with an electric power of up to 3 GW. In contrast to previously proposed innovations, the article considers core layouts containing fuel pins with claddings made entirely of tungsten. Emergency modes are modeled approximately based on solving three groups of equations: a system of point kinetic equations, a non-stationary heat conduction equation, which, and a reactivity balance equation. The value of the void reactivity effect is estimated based on the solution of the gas-kinetic neutron transport equation. Reserves have been identified in further increasing the power and safety of the power reactor. They are associated with the optimization of the size of granules of ceramic and metal powders in the fuel composition.

Application of Myco-Fabricated Silver Nanoparticle in the Adsorption of Malachite Green and Trypan Blue from Aqueous Solution

The study was undertaken to assess the application of myco-fabricated silver nanoparticles in the adsorption of Malachite green and Trypan blue from an aqueous solution. The cell biomass suspensions of fungal endophytes isolated from the leaves of Mannihot esculenta and Carica papaya were used in the silver nanoparticles. The method involved in nanoparticles characterization, decolourization and adsorption treatment efficacy used UV-spectroscopy FT-IR, XRD and SEM, spectrophotometric analysis and phytotoxicity testing. The result revealed that the endophyte strains PDA 1 and PDA 2 were identified as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. There was colour change from colourless to dark brown revealing the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles due to the formation of clumps after 24 hr. The peaks observed in FT-IR spectra reflect the role of metabolites (functional groups) which act as capping and reducing agents. The UV-Vis spectral result showed the maximum peak of PDA 1 to be 620 nm at 0.933 absorbance while that of PDA 2 were 300 nm and 450 nm at 0.684 absorbance revealing the surface plasmon resonance. The XRD peaks of the nanoparticles were clearly distinguishable and broad indicating an ultra-fine nature. The microscopic characterization of PDA 1 and PDA 2 showed the presence of flake type, a smooth and irregularly shaped granulated compact powder with bright facets. The results of the decolourization profile showed that the adsorption efficiencies of both dyes were significantly concentration and time-dependent (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the potential of these nanoparticles in the environmental remediation of harmful dyes

Choosing a brand of alumina for manufacturing alumina ceramics

The paper presents the results of a study on the production of alumina ceramics based on domestic brands of alumina: GN, GEF, GK-1, GRT. The different initial state of alumina of different brands, in terms of frequency and dispersion, is reflected in the shape and size of the granules of press powders and in the physical and mechanical characteristics of alumina ceramics. Using alumina of domestic producers did not allow obtaining high-quality alumina ceramics. The maximum attainable value of the apparent density of fired ceramics did not exceed 3,80‒3,84 g/см 3 . Foreign alumina brands Almatis CT 3000 SG and Nabalox 713-10 NM (Germany) are characterized by high purity, dispersion and α-Al 2 O 3 content of more than 99,0 wt. %, which ensures the production of alumina ceramics with a high apparent density of 3,94‒3,96 g/см 3 and can be used for the production of alumina ceramics with a high level of physical and technical properties. Ill. 5. Ref. 2. Tab. 4.

Granulation of ibuprofen/isonicotinamide co-crystals by continuous spray granulator (CTS-SGR)

The importance of granulation is paramount for tablet manufacturing, and is based on the fact that granulated powders are characterized by improved flowability, compressibility, segregation, and dust reduction. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize continuous granules of high drug content by using a continuous-spray granulator (CTS-SGR). Ibuprofen (IBU), a drug of low-flowability, was selected as the model drug. As IBU has a low melting point and cannot easily granulate on its own, we employed isonicotinamide (INA) as a coformer that would allow us to prepare co-crystal granules containing 60 % IBU. The results of the undertaken differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction revealed that the IBU and the INA in the granules formed co-crystals. The granulation conditions affected the particle size and the yield of the granules; in fact, a low air supply temperature, a low atomizing air rate, and a high solution flow rate ensured a high granulation efficiency. Moreover, continuous granulation increased the yields of the formulations compared to those obtained through a short-run granulation, and high yields were obtained after applying a low atomizing air rate. The circularity of the granules exceeded 90 %, and their flowability improved when compared to that of the IBU bulk. The undertaking of dissolution studies revealed no change in the elution amount of IBU as a result of the co-crystallization. Our study shows that it is possible to produce high-content IBU granules in a direct and continuous manner through the co-crystallization of IBU and the use of a CTS-SGR.

Development of Self-Swelling Tablets as a Substitute for Soundless Cracking Demolition Agents

The low viscosity of soundless cracking demolition agent (SCDA) slurries makes them difficult to use on rock and concrete breakage in horizontal and up holes, or wet holes. In this paper, self-swelling tablet cartridges are developed by use of additives including adhesive, wetting agent, water absorbent, and activator to SCDA powder through newly developed production technologies. The dosages of adhesive and wetting agent were optimized in the process of powder granulation. Their optimal addition amounts are 3.17% and 11.81%. The self-swelling tablet (SST) experiments and optimization tests show the hardness of SST improved with an increase in pressure and mold filling height. Subsequently, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the influence of the contents of water absorbent and activator on the SST water absorption, reaction temperature, and expansion pressure. The water absorption of SST was found to improve with an increase in water absorbent amount and particle size of the granules. The optimum dosage of the water absorbent is 10%. Based on the laboratory experiments, the optimum amount of additives in the SST is 5% for its best performance. The production of SST cartridges is in a safer and healthier environment compared to SCDA powder cartridges, and its production can be automated to reduce labour cost. Finally, the introduction of SST cartridges expands the scope of application of the SCDA to up holes, horizonal holes, and wet holes.

Sistem Monitoring Level Ketinggian Granulation Powder Menggunakan Sensor LIDAR Berbasis Internet of Things

The internet of things is defined as a technology that enables control, communication, collaboration with various hardware devices, various data, virtualizes all real things in the form of the internet and others through the internet network. In this study, a monitoring system for the height of granulated powder was created using a lidar sensor based on the internet of things which uses a measurement method via a lidar sensor. Data from the lidar sensor will be processed on the microcontroller and ethernet shield which is responsible for sending sensor data using an internet connection. Furthermore, it will be displayed on the website online. The results obtained from this simulation are tools designed to facilitate human work, reduce lost time, so that operators do not need to monitor granulation powder directly into the tank. Based on the test results and data analysis, the height of the granulated powder is directly proportional between the reference points using a measuring device with a lidar sensor or the design tool itself with a not too great difference of 4 cm or 0.022%

Efficacy of fermented grain using Bacillus coagulans in reducing visceral fat among people with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Obesity is a socioeconomic problem, and visceral obesity, in particular, is related to cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome. Fermented grains and various microorganisms are known to help with anti-obesity effects and weight management. Studies on the relationship between Bacillus coagulans and anti-obesity effects are not well known, and studies on the application of fermented grains and microorganisms to the human body are also insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Curezyme-LAC, an ingredient mixed with six-grain types fermented by B. coagulans, in reducing fat mass in adults with obesity. In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 100 participants [aged 40-65 years; body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 to ≤ 33 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to two groups: 4 g/day Curezyme-LAC administered as a granulated powder or placebo (steamed grain powder mixture). After 12 weeks, visceral adipose tissue decreased significantly in the Curezyme-LAC group compared with that in the placebo group (mean ± standard error, SE of -9.3 cm2 ± 5.1) vs. (6.8 cm2 ± 3.4; p = 0.008). Compared to the placebo group, the Curezyme-LAC group also showed significant reductions in total fat mass (-0.43 ± 0.24 kg vs. 0.31 ± 0.19 kg, p = 0.011), body weight (-0.4 ± 0.3 kg vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 kg, p = 0.021), BMI (-0.14 ± 0.12 vs. 0.10 ± 0.07, p = 0.028), and waist circumference (-0.6 ± 0.2 cm vs. -0.1 ± 0.2 cm, p = 0.018) without a change in dietary intake and physical activity. Curezyme-LAC supplementation for 12 weeks may benefit individuals with obesity by reducing visceral fat mass.

Optimum Water Content Estimation for Wet Granulation of Iron Ore Powders with Quicklime Binder

Wet granulation plays an important role in the processing of fine ore powder. Water content is a critical process parameter that determines the granule properties during wet granulation. However, in the ironmaking industry, various types of iron ore powder imported from different regions are blended, quicklime powder is added as a binder, and used as raw materials. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of the raw powders are not always consistent, which makes it difficult to determine the optimum water content. In this study, we present a method to determine the optimum water content using the agitation torque of wet ore powder blended with quicklime. First, we investigated the agitation torque for blending of various types and ratios of ore powders and quicklime. Two types of torque profiles were observed: a unimodal torque profile (Type I) and a torque profile with a plateau region (Type II). From the agitation torque profile, the characteristic water content (Wtorque) for estimating the optimum water content () was individually defined for the types I and II. The Wtorque was well correlated with the , regardless of the type and blending ratio of the original ore powders and quicklime. Finally, the optimum water content was estimated using the Wtorque. The estimated water content was confirmed to be in good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating that the optimum water content for the wet granulation of fine ore powder with quicklime can be determined using agitation torque.

Swirl-like Acoustofluidic Stirring Facilitates Microscale Reactions in Sessile Droplets.

Sessile droplets play a crucial role in the microreactors of biochemical samples. Acoustofluidics provide a non-contact and label-free method for manipulating particles, cells, and chemical analytes in droplets. In the present study, we propose a micro-stirring application based on acoustic swirls in sessile droplets. The acoustic swirls are formed inside the droplets by asymmetric coupling of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). With the merits of the slanted design of the interdigital electrode, the excitation position of SAWs is selective by sweeping in wide frequency ranges, allowing for the droplet position to be customized within the aperture region. We verify the reasonable existence of acoustic swirls in sessile droplets by a combination of simulations and experiments. The different periphery of the droplet meeting with SAWs will produce acoustic streaming phenomena with different intensities. The experiments demonstrate that acoustic swirls formed after SAWs encountering droplet boundaries will be more obvious. The acoustic swirls have strong stirring abilities to rapidly dissolve the yeast cell powder granules. Therefore, acoustic swirls are expected to be an effective means for rapid stirring of biomolecules and chemicals, providing a new approach to micro-stirring in biomedicine and chemistry.

Study of diminutive granules as feed powders for manufacturability of high drug load minitablets

The maximal amount of drug contained in a minitablet is limited. To reduce the total number of minitablets in a single dose, high drug load minitablets can be prepared from high drug load feed powders by various pharmaceutical processing techniques. Few researchers have however examined the influence of pharmaceutical processing techniques on the properties of high drug load feed powders, and consequently the manufacturability of high drug load minitablets. In this study, silicification of the high drug load physical mix feed powders alone did not yield satisfactory quality attributes and compaction parameters to produce good quality minitablets. The abrasive nature of fumed silica increased ejection force and damage to the compaction tools. Granulation of fine paracetamol powder was crucial for the preparation of good quality high drug load minitablets. The diminutive granules had superior powder packing and flow properties for homogenous and consistent filling of the small die cavities when preparing minitablets. Compared to the physical mix feed powders for direct compression, the granules which possessed higher plasticity, lower rearrangement and elastic energies, yielded better quality minitablets with high tensile strength and rapid disintegration time. High shear granulation demonstrated greater process robustness than fluid bed granulation, with less discernment on the quality attributes of feed powder. It could proceed without fumed silica, with the high shear forces reducing interparticulate cohesivity. An in–depth understanding on the properties of high drug load feed powders with inherently poor compactability and poor flowability is important for the manufacturability of high drug load minitablets.

Utilization of ground granulated blast-furnace slag powder in brick industry: A new generation building material

This study presents research on the use of geopolymer bricks in construction, which are made using materials such as fly ash, GGBS, sand, cement, and alkali activators. The study focuses on the use of GGBS as a fractional replacement for cement in the bricks and investigates the effects of different molarities and silicate-to-hydroxide (S/H) ratios on the properties of the bricks. The results show that the bricks made with a molarity of 10 M and S/H ratio of 2.5 had the highest compressive strength of 27.22 MPa. The study suggests that using geopolymer bricks is a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective option than traditional fly ash or burnt clay bricks in the construction industry.

Biological management of coffee wilt disease (Fusarium xylarioides) using antagonistic Trichoderma isolates.

Coffee wilt disease (CWD) is a serious threat to the food security of small-scale farmers in Ethiopia, causing significant reductions in coffee yield. Currently, there are no effective control measures available against the causative agent of CWD, Fusarium xylarioides. The main objective of this study was therefore to develop, formulate, and evaluate a range of biofungicides against F. xylarioides, derived from Trichoderma species and tested under in vitro, greenhouse, and field conditions. In total, 175 Trichoderma isolates were screened as microbial biocontrol agents against F. xylarioides. The efficacy of two biofungicide formulations, wettable powder and water dispensable granules, were tested on the susceptible Geisha coffee variety in three different agro-ecological zones in southwestern Ethiopia over three years. The greenhouse experiments were set up using a complete block design, while in the field a randomized complete block design was used, with twice yearly applications of biofungicide. The test pathogen spore suspension was applied to the coffee seedlings by soil drenching, and the subsequent incidence and severity of CWD evaluated annually. The mycelial growth inhibition profiles of the Trichoderma isolates against F. xylarioides ranged from 44.5% to 84.8%. In vitro experiments revealed that T. asperelloides AU71, T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 reduced the mycelial growth of F. xylarioides by over 80%. The greenhouse study indicated that wettable powder (WP) of T. asperellum AU131 had the highest biocontrol efficacy (84.3%), followed by T. longibrachiatum AU158 (77.9%) and T. asperelloides AU71 (71.2%); they also had a significant positive impact on plant growth. The pathogen-treated control plants had a disease severity index of 100% across all the field experiments, and of 76.7% in the greenhouse experiments. In comparison to untreated controls, the annual and cumulative disease incidence over the three years of the study period varied from 46.2 to 90%, 51.6 to 84.5%, and 58.2 to 91%, at the Teppi, Gera and Jimma field experimental locations. Overall, the greenhouse and field experiments and in vitro assays support the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma isolates, and T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 in particular are recommended for the management of CWD under field conditions.

Working conditions and health risks of operators in the application of pesticides based on mancozeb on high horticultural crops

Introduction. The increased interest in viticulture in Russia makes mancozeb-based fungicides in demand. Safety and health of operators during application pesticides is a major concern in agricultural activities. Materials and methods. Field studies to determine the exposure of various formulations of mancozeb in the air of the working area and on the skin of the operators during airblast spraying of orchards were carried out. Margin of safety by exposure (KBtotal) and by absorbed dose (KBabs) were conducted. Exposure assessment included the determination of its probability. Results. Wettable powders compared with water-dispersible granules show a fivefold increase in the average concentrations of mancozeb found in the air of the work area and almost a threefold increase in the skin. Exposure and absorbed dose risk rates for wettable powders are three times higher than for water-dispersible granules. For one of the drugs, the total risk was higher than the tolerable risk. The probability distribution vector of possible danger states for the operator after the sixth hour of work shows the probability of an unacceptable state as the highest. Limitations. The scopes of the study were determined by studying the behaviour of mancozeb in the formulations of the wettable powder and water-dispersible granules during airblast spraying of orchards. Conclusion. For health safety purposes, mancozeb-based preparations should be used in compliance with the regulations and safety measures. Operators, who handle and apply pesticides in orchards, should be forcing to wear protective garments and personal protective equipment. The choice of water-dispersible granules formulation is preferable. Don’t exceed the application rate and spraying time.

An Investigation of Cement Mortars Containing Glass Powder as A Partial Cement Replacement

Lately, because of the pollution caused by cement production waste materials that can be used instead of cement aroused interest by researchers. Glass is one of these waste materials. Glasses due to their nonbiodegradable properties, cause serious environmental risks and recycling this waste material would minimize these environmental concerns. Therefore, finely granulated glass powders, due to their high silicious content are being used as pozzolanic admixture. In this study, glass powders are replaced with cement (by weight) at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. And mechanical and durability performances are investigated. Compressive and flexural strength, flow test, abrasion resistance, sulfate resistance and capillary water absorption test were conducted. Results indicated that an increase in glass powder dosage in cement mortars leads to decrease in mechanical properties.

Granulation of Mn-based perovskite adsorbent for cyclic Hg0 capture from coal combustion flue gas

Circulating adsorbents in a fluidized bed integrating elemental mercury (Hg0) adsorption and oxidized mercury decomposition/desorption processes could simultaneously achieve adsorbents recycling and mercury recovery during the flue gas mercury removal. The granulation of adsorbent powder is essential to reduce elutriation the looping system. Herein, powdery La0.8Ce0.2MnO3 perovskite adsorbent, which has been demonstrated to be highly efficient for Hg0 removal, was moulded into 0.8–1 mm pellets by an extrusion-spheronization method. Meanwhile, microcrystalline cellulose (MC) was used as pore-creating template to constructing porous pellets. The results show that the La0.8Ce0.2MnO3 pellets with 20 % MC added during the pelleting process (LCMO-MC) exhibited 90 % Hg0 removal efficiency under a gaseous hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 380,000 h−1, which was comparable to that over the corresponding powdery adsorbent. The LCMO-MC performed well in Hg0 removal at a wide temperature window from 50 to 200 °C. SO2 and H2O displayed slight interference in Hg0 removal, while O2 and NO enhanced Hg0 removal over LCMO-MC. During six adsorption-decomposition/desorption cycles, the LCMO-MC presented outstanding cyclic durability and about 97 % Hg0 removal efficiency was achieved with a GHSV of 50,000 h−1. The excellent Hg0 removal capacity of LCMO-MC was ascribed to the existence of abundant pore channels for Hg0 diffusion, which in-situ retained during the burning of pore-creating templates at high temperature and newly formed accompanying with the burning gas release. These results demonstrate that the template (i.e., MC) assisted extrusion-spheronization approach is promising to mould adsorbent pellets for Hg0 removal in a fluidized-bed system, which could simultaneously realize adsorbent recycling and mercury recovery.

Синтез сложно-оксидной керамики в пучке быстрых электронов

The synthesis of ceramic materials in a fast electrons beam for the production of complex oxide ceramics is considered. Powder reagents, in addition to irradiation, are exposed to air currents that prevent gases and particles from entering the accelerator. To keep powder mixtures of ultrafine powders in the irradiation zone, they were granulated. Two methods of granulation of an ultrafine powder of the composition (in mass %) 80 % Al2O3 + 20 % (ZrO2 – 3 Y2O3) were used. The first method involves moistening, drying and then sifting through a coarse sieve. In the second method, a binding additive was introduced into the powder mixture, which gave the sample a stable volumetric shape. For the granulation methods used, the features of short-term heating of oxide powders in air with a powerful beam of fast electrons with an energy of 2 MeV and the synthesis of zirconia corundum under these conditions were studied. Granulation of the ultrafine powder made it possible to minimize the loss of its mass during irradiation. During irradiation of the powder mass, its local melting took place, which was accompanied by intense gas release processes leading to the formation of hollow ceramic droplets. X-ray phase analysis has shown that mutual dissolution of oxides in their walls does not occur, and recrystallization processes are accompanied by the formation of cubic aluminum oxide microcrystallites and the transition of aluminum oxide in them from the monoclinic to the corundum phase. The presence of microcrystallites of evenly distributed small particles of zirconia dioxide in the interboundary space indicates the production of zirconia corundum under irradiation. At the same time, the phase composition of zirconium dioxide after irradiation does not change in comparison with the initial powder.

First-in-human clinical trial of the NKT cell-stimulatory glycolipid OCH in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that causes the damage to the myelin sheath as well as axonal degeneration. Individuals with MS appear to have changes in the numbers and functions of T-cell subsets, leading to an immunological imbalance accompanied by enhanced autoreactivity. In previous preclinical studies, (2 S,3 S,4R)-1-O-(α-D-Galactopyranosyl)-N-tetracosanoyl-2-amino-1,3,4-nonanetriol (OCH), a synthetic analog of α-galactosylceramide stimulatory for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, has shown therapeutic or disease-preventive immunoregulatory effects in autoimmune disease models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study is the first-in-human study of oral OCH to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and to examine the effects on immune cells as well as related gene expression profiles. Fifteen healthy volunteers and 13 MS patients who met the study criteria were enrolled. They were divided into five cohorts and received oral administration of various doses of granulated powder of OCH (0.3-30 mg), once per week for 4 or 13 weeks. Plasma OCH concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were evaluated by flow cytometry, and microarray analysis was performed to determine OCH-induced changes in gene expression. Oral OCH was well tolerated, and its bioavailability was found to be sufficient. Six hours after a single dose of OCH, increased frequencies of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells were observed in some cohorts of healthy subjects and MS patients. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated an upregulation of several immunoregulatory genes and downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes following OCH administration. This study has demonstrated immunomodulatory effects of the iNKT cell-stimulatory drug OCH in human. Safety profiles together with the presumed anti-inflammatory effects of oral OCH encouraged us to conduct a phase II trial.

Hydration superposition effect and mechanism of steel slag powder and granulated blast furnace slag powder

Steel slag has great potential as a supplementary cementitious material, and often shows good effects when used in combination with granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). In order to reveal the interaction law of steel slag and GBFS, the hydration superposition effect and mechanism were studied in this paper in terms of ion dissolution, hydration heat, hydration products, hydration degree, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results show that steel slag and GBFS have a significant hydration superposition effect, and the strength of the paste when the two are used in combination is much higher. The mechanical properties at the early and later ages are the best (16.5 MPa at 7 days and 31 MPa at 28 days) when the steel slag-to-GBFS ratio is 1:1 and 2:3, respectively. Steel slag-slag composite powder (SSCP) has three exothermic peaks, which are the dissolution peak, hydration peak of steel slag and pozzolanic ash reaction peak of GBFS (after 85 h), respectively. The fibrous and amorphous C-S-H gels and plate Ca(OH)2 appear in the SSCP pastes at 3 days. Furthermore, the microstructure of hydration products consists of a number of fiber-like and particle-like C-S-H gels with widths ranging from 15 nm to 20 nm and lengths ranging from 50 nm to hundreds of nanometers. The C-S-H gels wrap the unhydrated mineral phase (UMP) to form a nucleus(UMP) - membrane (C-S-H) structure. The early hydration of steel slag would increase the pH and conductivity of the pore solution, promoting the dissolution of aluminosilicate glass in GBFS and pozzolanic ash reaction, at the same time, the consumption of Ca(OH)2 by the pozzolanic ash reaction would promote the further hydration of steel slag. The synergistic hydration effect of SSCP would promote hydration and generate more hydration products to fill the pore structure, resulting in good hardening properties.