Powder Form Research Articles

Cationic Curcumin Nanocrystals Liposomes for Improved Oral Bioavailability: Formulation Development, Optimization, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

Curcumin, a naturally occurring poorly water-soluble polyphenol with a broad spectrum, is a typical BCS IV drug. The objective of this study was to develop curcumin nanocrystals liposomes with the aim of improving bioavailability. In this study, we prepared cationic curcumin nanocrystals with a particle size of only 29.42 nm; such a phenomenal range of particle sizes is very rare. Moreover, we summarized and evaluated the parameters of the nanocrystal preparation process, including methods, formulations, etc., and the rules we concluded can be generalized to other nanocrystal preparation processes. To counteract the instability of the nanocrystals in the digestive tract, cationic curcumin nanocrystals were loaded into negatively charged liposomes through gravitational force between different charges. Unexpectedly, chitosan oligosaccharide was found to promote the self-assembly process of curcumin nanocrystal liposomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that chitosan-modified curcumin nanocrystal liposomes exhibited enhanced resistance to enzyme barriers, mucus barriers, and cellular barriers, resulting in a 5.4-fold increase in bioavailability compared to crude powder formulations. It can be concluded that cationic nanocrystals liposomes represent an appropriate novel strategy for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly soluble natural products such as curcumin.

The Effects of Bioinoculants on Enhancement Growth in Nanjanagud Rasabale Tissue Culture Banana

Bio-hardening is a process where micro propagated plantlets are inoculated with suitable strains of microorganisms in order to enhance their acclimatization. Trials were taken to expose banana plantlets to useful microbes that encourage growth and mutual association during 2022 at UHS, Bagalkot. It promotes host plant growth, plant nutrient uptake, inhibits pathogen growth, reduces disease severity, enhances tolerance to environmental stress etc. In the present study, twenty treatments were imposed with different bioinoculants by two methods of application (1) powder formulation and (2) liquid formulation. Among these treatments, M1T13- VAM and fusicont significantly increased the survivability per cent (58.80%), plant height (6.46 cm), pseudo stem girth (5.42 cm), number of leaves (4.07) and leaf area (33.15 cm2). Thus, the artificial inoculation of bioinoculants through the powder formulation enhances the growth during primary hardening.

Accelerated solvent extraction of apomorphine from Nymphaea caerulea (Blue Water Lily) products: A proof‐of‐concept Green extraction for plant materials

AbstractNymphaea caerulea (Blue water lily) is an esthetically pleasing aquatic plant which is widely located across India and Africa. The blue water lily contains an alkaloid called apomorphine which is said to be a sedative, and a nonselective dopamine agonist and is now available in the local and online market in the form of powders and oils for various applications such as sleeping aid, anxiety reliever and sexual performance enhancer. These properties are abused by the consumption of Nymphaea caerulea to achieve a state of “high” which has led the categorization of the same as a novel psychoactive substance. In this paper, a rapid mass spectral analysis was performed for the preliminary screening of commercially available blue water lily products using the Waters Radian as soon as possible instrument, followed by the high performance liquid chromatography‐photo diode array method development and validation of the samples for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of apomorphine. Accelerated solvent extraction as a green alternative to the conventional soxhlet extraction was used in the extraction of the plant material. The method was finally screened for its greenness using the Complex green analytical procedure index method. The method was validated with a linearity of 0.9973; limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.02 and 0.18 µg/mL, respectively. The method was able to detect and quantitate apomorphine in two samples from the commercially available natural products of Nymphaea caerulea.

Effects of supplementation with <i>Angelica sinensis</i> Radix and its powder formulation on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens

Effects of supplementation with <i>Angelica sinensis</i> Radix and its powder formulation on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens

Effect of marination process with different formulation applied to beef on physio-chemical quality parameters and sensory properties of meat themed thesis

Marinating is a technique applied to soften, flavor and extend the shelf life of meat before cooking. In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in physico-chemical quality parameters of beef marinated with juice and powder forms of red beet, black carrot and purple onion vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants, and to determine the level of consumer appreciation. Meat samples were marinated for 24 h at +4 °C using 1:1 immersion technique for vegetable juices and 10% massage technique for powder forms. Experimental and mixed methods were used in the study. As a result of the marinating process applied in the study, the interactions of color, cooking loss, texture (TPA), pH, dry matter, total phenolic matter and antioxidant activity content of meat samples in different forms of different materials (juice-powder), physico-chemical analyzes in different applications (raw-cooked) were examined. In addition, sensory analysis was carried out with a group of 28 semi-trained panelists for cooked meat samples. SPSS (26.0) statistical package program was used to analyze the data obtained. As a result of the research, all of the materials used in the marination process (red beet, black carrot and purple onion) showed acidic properties. In terms of total phenolic matter content, it was measured that the powder forms of the vegetables contained more total phenolic matter compared to the juice forms. The antioxidant activity content of the powdered vegetables was found to be higher than the juice formed ones.

Modern Treatment Using Powdered Chlorella vulgaris for Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Freshwater

In the face of current challenges related to climate change, maintaining the appropriate quality of freshwater becomes crucial. This study examined the effectiveness of removing heavy metals (Cu(II) and Co(II)) using Chlorella vulgaris biosorbents (dietary supplements in the form of powder). This study determined the parameters of the biosorbent (point of zero charge (PZC) analysis using scanning electron microscopy with back-scattered electron (SEM-BSE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis). Batch tests were also performed to determine the kinetic constants and adsorption equilibrium of Cu(II) and Co(II) ions. Based on the conducted research, it was found that a pseudo-second-order equation describes the kinetics of the biosorption process. Among the studied adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir and Freundlich models fit best. The results indicate that single-layer adsorption took place and Chlorella vulgaris is a microporous adsorbent. The maximum sorption capacity in the single-component system for Cu(II) and Co(II) was 30.3 mg·g−1 and 9.0 mg·g−1, respectively. In contrast, in the binary system, it was 20.8 mg·g−1 and 19.6 mg·g−1 (extended Langmuir model) and 23.5 mg·g−1 and 19.6 mg·g−1 (Jain-Snoeyinka model). Chlorella vulgaris is an effective biosorbent for removing heavy metals from freshwater. This technology offers an ecological and economical solution for improving water quality, making it a promising alternative to traditional purification methods.

Enhancing Li-ion diffusivity of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 through liquid-electrolytes-induced secondary crystallization

Solid electrolytes (SEs) offer promising avenues for improving both the energy density and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the grain boundary resistance remains a significant hurdle that impact the performance of LIBs, particularly when utilizing SEs in powder form. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to reduce grain boundary resistance in Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) via secondary crystallization induced by liquid electrolytes (LEs). By immersing nano-sized LATP powders in LiPF6/carbonates LEs, rapid aggregation and recrystallization into bulk micrometer-sized particles occur within minutes under ambient conditions. This secondary crystallization process alters the Li distribution within LATP bulk phase, substantially reducing the grain boundary resistance and enhancing Li-ion diffusivity. Consequently, the assembled LATP-modified commercial LiNi0.89Co0.07Mn0.04O2 cathode using LiPF6 electrolyte delivers a remarkable discharge capacity of 105.4 mAh g−1 at 4C, significantly superior to the bare electrode (44.7 mAh g−1). The recrystallized LATP enhances the transport properties and pathways of Li+ ions within the cathode material, especially at high current densities. Multinuclear and multi-dimensional solid-state NMR analysis reveal that active F− ions released from the hydrolysis of LiPF6 electrolytes act as mineralizing agent, facilitating rapid agglomeration and secondary growth of LATP grains. Our findings underscore the efficacy of secondary crystallization using LEs as a promising strategy for eliminating grain boundary resistance and facilitating fast Li-ion conduction of SEs, thereby advancing LIB performance.

Robust and orange-yellow-emitting Sr-rich polytypoid α-SiAlON (Sr3Si24Al6N40:Eu2+) phosphor for white LEDs

ABSTRACT Nitrides and oxynitrides isostructural to α-Si3N4 (M-α-SiAlON, M = Sr, Ca, Li) possess superb thermally stable photoluminescence (PL) properties, making them reliable phosphors for high-power solid-state lighting. However, the synthesis of phase-pure Sr-α-SiAlON still remains a great challenge and has only been reported for Sr below 1.35 at.% as the large size of Sr2+ ions tends to destabilize the α-SiAlON structure. Here, we succeeded to synthesize the single-phase powders of a unique ‘Sr-rich’ polytypoid α-SiAlON (Sr3Si24Al6N40:Eu2+) phosphor with three distinctive Sr/Eu luminescence sites using a solid-state remixing-reannealing process. The Sr content of this polytypoid structure exceeds those of a few previously reported structures by over 200%. The phase purity, composition, structure, and PL properties of this phosphor were investigated. A single phase can be obtained by firing the stoichiometric mixtures of all-nitride precursors at 2050°C under a 0.92 MPa N2 atmosphere. The Sr3Si24Al6N40:Eu2+ shows an intense orange-yellow emission, with the emission maximum of 590 nm and internal/external quantum efficiency of 66%/52% under 400 nm excitation. It also has a quite small thermal quenching, maintaining 93% emission intensity at 150°C. In comparison to Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+, this Sr counterpart shows superior quantum efficiency and thermal stability, enabling it to be an interesting orange-yellow down-conversion luminescent material for white LEDs. The experimental confirmation of the existence of such ‘Sr-rich’ SiAlON systems, in a single-phase powder form, paves the way for the design and synthesis of novel ‘Sr-rich’ SiAlON-based phosphor powders with unparalleled properties.

Current Trends in Food Processing By-Products as Sources of High Value-Added Compounds in Food Fortification.

Along the food production chain of animal, fish, and vegetable products, a huge amount of by-products are generated every year. Major nutritional, financial, and environmental advantages can be achieved by transforming them into functional ingredients for food formulation and fortification. In this review, we investigated various conventional and emerging treatments recently employed to obtain functional ingredients rich in proteins, fibers, and bioactive compounds from vegetables, fish, meat, and dairy by-products. The optimal enrichment level in food as well as the nutritional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of the final food were also discussed. Novel technologies such as ultrasounds, microwaves, and high pressure have been successfully adopted to enhance the extraction of target compounds. The functional ingredients, added both in liquid or powder form, were able to improve the nutritional quality and antioxidant potential of food, although high levels of fortification may cause undesired changes in texture and flavor. This review provides important considerations for further industrial scale-up.

Effects of Gmelina bark content and particle size on the characteristics of a recycled polypropylene composite

Bark plastic composite is a composite wood board consisting of a plastic matrix and bark in the form of powder or fibers as a filler. This research aimed to determine the influence of ratio and particle size on the characteristics of the composite made of Gmelina bark mixed with recycled polypropylene. Bark plastic composites were made with variations in powder: plastic ratio, namely 40:60% (P60), 30:70% (P70), 20:80% (P80), and 0:100% (P100), as well as variations in filler particle size, namely 40 to 60 mesh (M40), 60 to 80 mesh (M60), and 80 to 100 mesh (M80). Maleic anhydride (MAH) as a compatibilizer was added at 5% of the matrix’s weight. The reference testing standards were JIS A 5908:2003 and SNI 03-2105-2006. In the physical property testing, including density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, all boards with different treatments met the standards. In the modulus of elasticity (MOE) testing, none of the boards with different treatments met the standards, while in the internal bond testing, all boards with different treatments met the standards. As for the modulus of rupture (MOR) testing, hardness, and screw-holding power, some samples met both standards. The M40P80 treatment produced the best bark plastic composite.

The Effect of Powder Form and Sample Weight on the Acceptability of Yellow Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Peel Tea

Tea is one of the nutritious drinks that are popular with the Indonesian people. Recently, researchers have developed various new types of tea beyond the traditional tea plant (Camelia sinensis). One potential ingredient for tea development is melinjo peel, particularly the yellow melinjo peel, due to its strong antioxidant activity and superior α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study aims to investigate the influence of the powder form and sample weight on the acceptability of yellow melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peel tea. The research employed an experimental method with a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) involving two factors. The first factor was the powder form of the tea (fine, semi-fine, and coarse), and the second factor was the sample weight (2.5 grams, 3 grams, and 5 grams). A hedonic test was conducted to assess the acceptability of yellow melinjo peel tea, involving 40 semi-trained panelists using a scale from 1 to 7 (strongly dislike to very much like). Data were analized using IBM SPSS 25.0 Statistics for Windows, with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. The results showed that both the powder form and sample weight of yellow melinjo peel tea significantly affected (P<0.05) taste, aroma, clarity, intensity, astringency, flavor, and overall acceptability, but did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) color and taste intensity. The most preferred formulation by panelists was yellow melinjo peel tea with a sample weight of 2.5 grams and a fine powder form, with an average score of 4.23 (like slightly).

MODIFICATION OF BUCKWHEAT HUSK POWDER AND CREATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL ON ITS BASIS

Abstract Waste of plant origin is becoming increasingly relevant for use as fillers in polymer matrices to create new composite materials. In this study, a composite material based on biodegradable thermoplastic polylactide (PLA) and buckwheat husks (BHS) was prepared. L-PLA IngeoTM Biopolymer 4043D in pellet form (Nature Works LLC, USA) was chosen as the base for the polymer matrix. BHS in the form of fine powder (harvested in 2023) was used as a plant filler. In order to purify the raw material from dust and pathogenic bacteria, as well as to increase the adhesion ability of the material, BHS was treated with 4% alkaline solution (NaOH). Modification of the filler was carried out using organosilicon resin K-9 (manufacturer Khimprodukt LLC, Lyubertsy, Russia). The filler was added to the material in the ratio of 22 %, 32%, 42% by weight of the product. A technology for modification of BHS powder is proposed, which makes it possible to significantly increase the wetting angle from 59.47±1.59° to 95.6±1.35°. The strength properties and water absorption resistance of the developed composites with different weight ratios of PLA/ BHS are investigated. The modification of the filler changes the structure and properties of BHS, as well as contributes to the improvement of strength properties. At the ratio PLA 68 wt.% / modified BHS 32 wt.% the composite material has the following characteristics: density - 1342 kg/m3, bending strength – 21.31 MPa, maximum deformation value – 0.22 mm, Vickers hardness at a load of 200 g – 20.21, water absorption – 1.9%. Research on the utilization of plant components will make it possible to integrate into industry innovative products based on renewable and biodegradable resources that will meet all societal needs and contribute to the preservation of the environment and exhaustible resources.

Survival of Probiotic Bacterial Cells in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and the Effect of the Surviving Population on the Colonic Microbial Community Activity and Composition.

Many health-promoting effects have been attributed to the intake of probiotic cells. However, it is important that probiotic cells arrive at the site of their activity in a viable state in order to exert their beneficial effects. Careful selection of the appropriate probiotic formulation is therefore required as mainly the type of probiotic species/strain and the administration strategy may affect survival of the probiotic cells during the upper gastrointestinal (GIT) passage. Therefore, the current study implemented Simulator of the Human Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) technology to investigate the efficacy of different commercially available probiotic formulations on the survival and culturability of probiotic bacteria during upper GIT passage. Moreover, Colon-on-a-Plate (CoaP™) technology was applied to assess the effect of the surviving probiotic bacteria on the gut microbial community (activity and composition) of three human donors. Significantly greater survival and culturability rates were reported for the delayed-release capsule formulation (>50%) as compared to the powder, liquid, and standard capsule formulations (<1%) (p < 0.05), indicating that the delayed-release capsule was most efficacious in delivering live bacteria cells. Indeed, administration of the delayed-release capsule probiotic digest resulted in enhanced production of SCFAs and shifted gut microbial community composition towards beneficial bacterial species. These results thus indicate that careful selection of the appropriate probiotic formulation and administration strategy is crucial to deliver probiotic cells in a viable state at the site of their activity (distal ileum and colon).

Mind the Gap: The Role of Mass Transfer in Shaped Nanoporous Adsorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture.

Adsorptive separations by nanoporous materials are major industrial processes. The industrial importance of solid adsorbents is only expected to grow due to the increased focus on carbon dioxide capture technology and energy-efficient separations. To evaluate the performance of an adsorbent and design a separation process, the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics must be known. However, although diffusion kinetics determine the maximum production rate in any adsorption-based separation, this aspect has received less attention due to the challenges associated with conducting diffusion measurements. These challenges are exacerbated in the study of shaped adsorbents due to the presence of porosity at different length scales. As a result, adsorbent selection typically relies mainly on adsorption properties at equilibrium, i.e., uptake capacity, selectivity and adsorption enthalpy. In this Perspective, based on an extensive literature review on mass transfer of CO2 in nanoporous adsorbents, we discuss the importance and limitations of measuring diffusion in nanoporous materials, from the powder form to the adsorption bed, considering the nature of the process, i.e., equilibrium-based or kinetic-based separations. By highlighting the lack of and discrepancies between published diffusivity data in the context of CO2 capture, we discuss future challenges and opportunities in studying mass transfer across scales in adsorption-based separations.

Pembuatan Arang Aktif Nanopartikel Kulit Nangka Menggunakan High Energy Milling dengan Aktivator H3PO4

Activated charcoal is a compound formed from the arrangement of C atoms with a porous internal structure so that it has adsorption properties. One of the materials that can be used to make activated charcoal is jackfruit peel which contains cellulose (52.739%), lignin (10.599%), and hemicellulose (16.913%). Grind it to size of 100 mesh and put it in milling nanoparticles using tools HEM at a speed of 1200 rpm for 2 hours. Next, the activation process was carried out with phosphoric acid compounds and variables of 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours and concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. Samples in powder form were characterized by size, SEM, ash content and water content. Size test results with method Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) was found to be 1.22 nm. SEM test results show that jackfruit peel activated charcoal is composed of particles of diverse size, irregular shape and porous. EDX results showed that the chemical components of activated charcoal were C (57.08%), O (33.30%), Mg (1.33%), Si 1.57%, K 5.73%. Analysis of water content and ash content is the smallest, namely 0.18% and 0.2%.

Analysis of Rhodamin B in Lipstick Preparations in Padangsidimpuan City by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Method

Rhodamin B is a synthetic dye in the form of a crystalline powder, green or reddish-purple, odorless, and in solution will be bright red with fluorescence or fluorescence. Rhodamin B is commonly used as a dye in the textile and papermaking industries. Rhodamin B can cause irritation in short-term exposure and has carcinogenic effects. This study aims to find out whether there is Rhodamin B in lipsticks circulating in the Padangsidimpuan City market. Samples were taken by purposive sampling and 5 red samples were obtained. To identify the presence of Rhodamin B, a thin-layer chromatography method was used using eluene as the phase of motion, namely methanol, ethyl acetate, ammonia (50:20:25) and a 254 nm UV lamp The results of the study showed that out of 5 lipstick samples identified, there was one lipstick sample that was identified as containing Rhodamin B.

Strategy For Development Of The Kampung Empon-Empon Program In Ngalian Widodomartani Village

This study aims to Assess the potential and activities that supports the Ngalian Empon-empon Village and also develop strategies needed for the development of the Empon-empon Kampung Program. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Data validity using source triangulation. Data analysis techniques use interactive models, namely collecting data, reducing data, presenting data as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The result of this research are The potential that supports the Ngalian empon-empon village program includes physical and non-physical potential. Activities that have been carried out in the Empon-empon Village Program include planting empon-empon by utilizing the land in the yard of the house, planting empon-empon in demonstration plots for each RT and making processed empon-empon in the form of simplicia, pure powder, instant or syrup. The strategy needed for the development of the Empon-empon village program is the establishment of the Ngalian Empon-empon education village.

Synergistic effect of magnesium stearate and fine lactose in improving aerosolization performance of fluticasone propionate in dry powder formulation

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) and lactose fines are often used as ternary components in carrier-based dry powder inhalers (DPIs) to improve fine particle fraction (FPF), but whether they act synergistically to improve aerosolization performance of DPI formulations is currently less studied. In addition, the applicability of utilizing powder rheological parameters to predict the FPF needs to be further verified. Thus, in this study, using fluticasone propionate (FP) as a model drug, effect of lactose fines addition in 0.5% MgSt containing DPI formulations on their powder and aerodynamic properties was explored. Influence of MgSt and fines mixing order on the DPIs performance was also investigated. The results showed that addition of lactose fines (1–10%) in 0.5% MgSt containing formulations could further improve flowability and enhance adhesion of the mixtures, and they could act synergistically to improve FPF. Moreover, the presence of 0.5% MgSt can greatly reduce the amount of lactose fines required to achieve the comparable FPF. The mixing order can affect distribution of MgSt on the carrier surface, with higher FPF noted when MgSt was mixed with carrier first, followed by lactose fines. A good linear relationship between powder rheological parameters such as basic flowability energy (BFE), Permeability and FPF was disclosed. In conclusion, in FP based DPIs, MgSt and lactose fines act synergistically to enhance FPF by tuning powder characteristics. Good flowability (27.39%) and strong adhesion (72.61%) contributed to the enhanced drug deposition in the lung.

The Story, Properties and Applications of Bioactive Glass “1d”: From Concept to Early Clinical Trials

Bioactive glasses in the CaO–MgO–Na2O–P2O5–SiO2–CaF2 system are highly promising materials for bone and dental restorative applications. Furthermore, if thermally treated, they can crystallize into diopside–fluorapatite–wollastonite glass-ceramics (GCs), which exhibit appealing properties in terms of mechanical behaviour and overall bone-regenerative potential. In this review, we describe and critically discuss the genesis, development, properties and applications of bioactive glass “1d” and its relevant GC derivative products, which can be considered a good example of success cases in this class of SiO2/CaO-based biocompatible materials. Bioactive glass 1d can be produced by melt-quenching in the form of powder or monolithic pieces, and was also used to prepare injectable pastes and three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Over the past 15 years, it was investigated by the authors of this article in a number of in vitro, in vivo (with animals) and clinical studies, proving to be a great option for hard tissue engineering applications.

Unveiling the potential of bacterial isolates from plastic-polluted environments: enhancement of polyhydroxybutyrate biodegradation

This study explores the biodegradation potential of microbial isolates focusing on their ability to utilize biopolymers as sole carbon source. Previously described isolates have been investigated through agar-based screen for the ability to degrade plastic-related substrates in powder form, and four strains have been selected for further assessment. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) films degradation was examined through liquid culture, soil burial, and respirometry assays. Structural and chemical alterations in PHB were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The most successful strains were tested for the ability to degrade PHB/bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) blends. Bacillus sp. DG90 excelled in PHB degradation, achieving 60% weight loss in liquid culture, while Streptomyces sp. DG19 exhibited a notable degradation rate of 51 ± 1.7%. Soil burial assays underscored the impact of environmental factors on degradation rates, emphasizing the role of soil composition and nitrogen availability. In respirometry assay, PHB films were severely defragmented by Streptomyces sp. DG19 with overall weight loss of 83%, while for Bacillus sp. DG90, this percentage reached 39%. FTIR and DSC analyses suggested potential hydrolysis and structural alterations in treated samples. This study observed rapid PHB degradation (83% in 3 weeks) while, considering the complex composition of modern biomaterials, also showcased the potential of examined strains to degrade PHB-BNC blends up to 85%.