Extract Powder Research Articles

Qualitative assessment of the flowering buds of Mesua ferrea Linn with special emphasize on HPTLC and universal DNA bar-coding technique and evaluation of its antimicrobial potential

BackgroundThe study has been scientifically exploring the powder sample and extracts of flowering buds of Mesua ferrea Linn (FBMF) based on pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters. The medicinal plant Mesua ferrea Linn was identified by Botanical verification and the universal DNA bar-coding technique. The FBMF powder’s quality was performed by the micromeritics properties like bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index, and optical microscopy method, and physicochemical evaluations were performed by the swelling index, foaming index, loss on drying, extractive values, and ash values. The extract’s preliminary phytochemical screening was accomplished by the alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, and glycoside tests. To ensure the presence of a bioactive compound of each FBMF extract by qualitative HPTLC study against the reference β-sitosterol Rf value of 0.83 was revealed at 254 nm with a developed solvent system toluene, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid (6:2:0.1) v/v. Many pharmacological benefits, including those related to wound healing, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, analgesic, sedative effects, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and atopic dermatitis, have been demonstrated by this phytosterol. An antimicrobial study was carried out by a well diffusion method and, lastly, measured minimum inhibitory concentration and compared to the marketed active pharmaceutical component. Numerous skin infections of more invasive, serious illnesses are caused by potential antimicrobial activity.ResultsThe universal DNA bar-coding of plant Mesua ferrea Linn has shown a high percentage of identity. The micrometrics properties and physicochemical evaluation of the powder sample of FBMF were in an acceptable range. The preliminary phytochemical screening shows that all extracts contain steroids and carbohydrates. Moreover, flavonoids were found in ethyl acetate and ethanol, and a qualitative HPTLC study confirmed that every extract contains β-sitosterol. N-hexane extract of FBMF shows the potential antimicrobial activity with Staphylococcus aureus, and the MIC value was observed at 0.062 mg/ml.ConclusionOur research demonstrated that the plant Mesua ferrea Linn has been successfully authenticated by a DNA bar-coding technique, and all extracts of FBMF contain β-sitosterol. The n-hexane solvent extracts have shown the potential highest antimicrobial effects compared to other extracts. These results support using n-hexane extracts as a traditional medicine for treating several diseases.Graphical

Utilization of Suji Leaves Extract (Pleomele Angustifolia N.E Brown) in Inhibiting Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation on Rats

Suji leaf (Pleomele angustifolia N.E. Brown) has long been used as an ingredient for traditional medicines. This study seeks to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of suji leaf extract in terms of its ability to reduce oedema in the hind paws of rats. Six groups were treated: negative control, positive control given diclofenac sodium as anti-inflammatory medication, two groups of suji leaf extract powder (SEP) with doses of 300 and 800 mg/kg, acetone extract of suji leaf (AES), and a group of acetone extract of SEP (EA-SEP) at a dose of 500 mg/kg with oral administration. Injections of 1% carrageenan suspension into the right hind paw of rats induced inflammation. The results demonstrated that SEP administered at a dose of 800 mg/kg has an inflammatory capacity (80.56%), AES (56.94%), and AE-SEP (75.7%). Chlorophyll, total phenol, and antioxidant capacity in SEP (9.0809 mg /g sample; 3.7354 mg GAE/g sample; 3.04 mg AAE/g sample), AES (4.6471 mg /g sample; 0.9994 mg GAE/g sample; 3.26 mg AAE/g sample), and AE-SEP (6.4912 mg /g sample; 2.1703 mg GAE/g sample; 2.55 mg AAE/g sample). According to qualitative test results, Suji extract contains bioactive compounds of the flavonoid group, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. It is believed that phenolic compounds function as anti-inflammatory agents.

Novel combination of nanostructured calcium hydroxide and natural materials: Formulation and characterization.

Calcium hydroxide is used as a reparative dentin inducer. The combination of cocoa pod husk and calcium hydroxide has also been studied as a reparative dentin inducer, whereas anchovy was identified as a good calcium source. The aim of the study was to investigate the optimal ratio of a nano-combination of calcium hydroxide, cocoa pod husk extract and anchovy powder as a reparative dentin inducer by analyzing their material, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. The ratios of the 3 elements were established and their performance was compared in terms of viscosity, setting time, pH, and solubility rate. The optimal ratio was then examined for its antioxidant capacity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Additionally, its cytotoxicity against human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A ratio of 1:1:1 of calcium hydroxide, cocoa pod husk extract and anchovy powder was identified as the optimal ratio. It exhibited the greatest flowability, the shortest final setting time, had a pH range of 8.5-10.5, and the second highest solubility rate in comparison with other ratios. Moreover, it demonstrated active radical scavenging activity and stimulated the proliferation of hDPSCs. Based on the material, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties, a ratio of 1:1:1 of nano-calcium hydroxide, cocoa pod husk extract and anchovy powder was determined to be optimal for use as a reparative dentin inducer.

Safety and efficacy of a polyherbal formulation from traditional Persian medicine in patients with calcium kidney stones: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.

10%-15% of the world's population suffers from kidney stones. Nearly 50% increase was observed in diagnosing and treating nephrolithiasis in the last decades. Effective medical treatment for the disease is not yet well established. Moreover, there is an increasing global demand to manage diseases using complementary and alternative medicine. This study aimed to formulate and assess the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient formulation from traditional Persian medicine (TPM) known as Mofatet powder in patients suffering from calcium kidney stones. The aqueous extract of Mofatet powder was prepared, freeze-dried, and formulated as capsules. 26 patients in the drug group and 25 patients in the placebo group used 500 mg capsules of the drug/placebo twice daily for 5 weeks. Ultrasonography/kidney, ureter and bladder imaging, urine analysis, and biochemical parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention. The imaging results showed a 60.73% decrease (P < 0.001) in stone size in the drug group. Moreover, the urinary calcium decreased (P = 0.02) and the urinary magnesium increased (P < 0.001) in the drug group. No remarkable changes were observed in the placebo group in these parameters. No significant effect was observed in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in none of the groups. This study suggests that Mofatet powder was effective in reducing calcium kidney stones size with no potential nephro/hepatotoxicity. After confirming these results in larger clinical trials with longer duration, this formulation can be considered a treatment for nephrolithiasis.

The process of making green melinjo fruit peel extract powder drink with the addition of egg white and palm sugar as material from Indonesia local resources

An instant powder drink made from green melinjo fruit peel extract with egg white and palm sugar is expected to become diversify food also beneficial for health. Palm sugar contains secondary metabolite compounds which function as antioxidants for powder drinks and sustainability of food for supporting food security. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of egg white and palm sugar on the characteristics of green melinjo fruit peel extract powder drink. This study used a CRD (Completely Randomized Design) factorial method with 2 factors, such as egg white percentage of 25%, 30% and 35%, and palm sugar percentage of 5%, 10% and 15%. The results showed that the addition of egg white had a highly significant (P <0.01) effect on antioxidant activity, dissolving rate, and total flavonoids. The addition of palm sugar had a highly significant (P <0.01) effect on antioxidant activity, dissolving rates, and total flavonoids. The result showed that the best treatment was M3S3 (35% egg white and 15% palm sugar), which gave the hinger total flavonoid content (12.9133 mg EQ/g) and higher dissolving rate (54.6667 g/second).

Utilization of Silybum marianum extract as a high-performance natural antioxidant for polyethylene

In this study, Silybum marianum extract powder was introduced into low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a primary polyphenolic antioxidant via melt blending method. Two synthetic and commercial polyphenol- and phosphite-based antioxidants (Irganox® 1010 and Irgafos® 168) were also used for comparing the antioxidant efficiency and performance of Silybum marianum extract with commercial ones. A systematic formulation study was achieved by varying the amount of Silybum marianum extract in the range of 0.1–1.0 wt% and the primary:secondary antioxidant ratio. Antioxidant efficiency of Silybum marianum extract was quantified with the oxygen induction time (OIT) and oxidation onset temperature values determined by thermal analysis in a differential scanning calorimeter depending on the compositional variations. Some physical properties of specimens such as transparency, color coordinates, contact angle, and degree of crystallinity values were also examined. It was found that 0.2 wt% of Silybum marianum extract and 0.2 wt% of Irgafos® 168 loaded sample showed an OIT value of 22 min. at 210 °C that could be regarded as a very successful commercial potential. Increasing amount of Silybum marianum extract and Irgafos® 168 significantly improved the oxidation stability of polyethylene under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. It was also found that introducing Silybum marianum extract, even the loading content of 1.0 wt%, did not alter the transparency and physical properties of LDPE. It has been concluded that Silybum marianum extract can be successfully used as a natural antioxidant in polyolefins and these samples could be used in packaging film applications.Graphical

Optimization of Fermentation Process for New Anti-Inflammatory Glycosylceramide Metabolite from Aspergillus sp.

A novel ceramide compound, named Aspercerebroside A (AcA), was successfully isolated from the ethyl acetate layer of the marine symbiotic fungus Aspergillus sp. AcA exhibited notable anti-inflammatory activity by effectively inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations of 30 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL, offering a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. To optimize the yield of glycosylceramide (AcA), a series of techniques, including single-factor experiments, orthogonal experiments, and response surface optimization, were systematically employed to fine-tune the composition of the fermentation medium. Initially, the optimal carbon source (sucrose), nitrogen source (yeast extract powder), and the most suitable medium salinity (14 ppt) were identified through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, orthogonal experiments, employing an orthogonal table for planning and analyzing multifactor experiments, were conducted. Finally, a mathematical model, established using a Box-Behnken design, comprehensively analyzed the interactions between the various factors to determine the optimal composition of the fermentation medium. According to the model's prediction, when the sucrose concentration was set at 37.47 g/L, yeast extract powder concentration at 19.66 g/L, and medium salinity at 13.31 ppt, the predicted concentration of glycosylceramide was 171.084 μg/mL. The experimental results confirmed the model's accuracy, with the actual average concentration of glycosylceramide under these conditions measured at 171.670 μg/mL, aligning closely with the predicted value.

Plant proteases and anti-bacterial substances in Allium sativum L. varieties

Allium sativum L. protease still remains largely understudied although new varieties of garlic appear quite often, e.g., lanang garlic. This study tested the antibacterial effect of garlic and the effectiveness of various A. sativum proteases as meat tenderizers. &#x0D; The research involved powder extracts of four varieties of A. sativum: kating, lanang, black garlic, and sin-chung. The degradation kinetics was defined based on the Lineweaver-Burk equation. The degradation zones were measured using sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Scan electron microscopy served to test the changes in meat connective tissue.&#x0D; Lanang demonstrated the largest inhibition zones against Escherichia coli (9.75 ± 0.15 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.04 mm). Sin-chung protease degraded beef protein with the highest Vmax of 0.1818 μg/μL/min at 10–22 KDa (small peptide, troponin C, and troponin I), 25–40 KDa (myosin light chain, troponin T, α and β tropomyosin, actin), and 100–140 KDa (protein C). The same garlic variety degraded mutton meat protein at 10–17 KDa (small peptide) and 25–40 KDa (myosin light chain, troponin T, α and β tropomyosin, actin) with Vmax of 0.1135 μg/μL/min.&#x0D; All four A. sativum proteases proved to be quite effective meat tenderizers.

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Sorbaria sorbifolia by regulating VEGFR and c-Met/apoptotic pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSorbaria sorbifolia (SS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been employed anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for over 2000 years; yet, its underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Aim of the studyIn this study, we evaluated the anti-HCC effect on the freeze-dried powder of the water extract of SS (FDSS) by inhibiting tumor-induced neovascularization, and promoting apoptosis, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Materials and methodsHCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7 cells) and HepG2 xenograft tumors in zebrafish were employed as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively, to evaluate the anti- HCC-indued neovascularization and apoptosis. In HCC cell lines, CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay, transwell assay, cell circle assay, apoptosis assay, transmission electron microscopy, and co-culture assay were performed in vitro; in HepG2 xenograft tumor-zebrafish, tumor growth inhibition assay, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, xenograft tumor-zebrafish apoptosis assay, and HCC-indued neovascularization assay were performed to evaluate the effect of FDSS on biological behavior of tumor, HCC-indued neovascularization, and apoptosis. The expression of VEGFR and c-Met/apoptotic pathway-related proteins was detected by western blotting analysis. Assays for c-Met and VEGFR activation were conducted to assess the impact of FDSS in either agonistic or inhibitory roles on these receptor proteins. ResultsThe findings from our study revealed that FDSS effectively suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, as well as inhibiting tumor growth in the HepG2 xenograft zebrafish model by downregulating the expression of p-Met and p-AKT proteins. FDSS decreased the tumor growth associated with promoting apoptosis, including arresting HepG2 and Huh7 cells cycle at G0/G1phase, increasing apoptotic cell numbers and apoptotic bodies in cancer cells, and increasing the apoptotic fluorescence of xenograft tumor zebrafish by downregulating Bcl-2 proteins and upregulating Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 levels. We also found that FDSS can inhibit HCC-induced neovascularization and regulate VEGFR. Using an agonist or inhibitor of c-Met and VEGFR in HepG2 cells, we discovered that FDSS can downregulate c-Met and VEGFR protein expression. ConclusionFDSS exerts an anti-HCC effect by inhibiting HCC-indued neovascularization and pro-apoptosis through the inhibition of the action of VEGFR and c-Met/apoptotic pathway.

Evaluation of the Bioactive compounds and its Functional role in the Aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes

Pistia stratiotes (L.) is an invasive aquatic weed known as water lettuce, belonging to the Araceae family. It is commonly used for its therapeutic potency against a number of ailments. This study's purpose is to analyze the pharmacognostical characteristics, screening of phytocompounds, fluorescence evaluation and scavenging activity of the leaf powder of P. stratiotes. The acid insoluble ash (3.22±0.17) was found to be less than total ash (21.85±0.19), water-soluble ash (11.18±0.05) and sulphated ash value (9.63±0.35). The hydro-ethanolic extract was fractionated with solvents of different polarity as per increasing order (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-Butanol and aqueous). The moisture content of the leaf powder was 1.70±0.01 gm and the extractive value in aqueous (25.106±1.41) was quantitatively more than that of other solvents. The presence of carbohydrates, phenolic substances, alkaloids, gummy materials, tannins, flavonoids, saponins were revealed by phytochemical studies. The n-Butanol fraction of hydro-ethanolic decoction of leaf powder showed 360±0.01 mg GAE/gdry weight for TPC and 680±0.26 mg RE/g dry weight for TFC. The lowest IC50 value for DPPH was observed in n–Butanol fraction of hydro-ethanolic extract of leaf powder extract having 246.826±17.14 µg/ml, showing the highest free radical scavenging activity.

Understanding consumer preferences to develop dahi using pineapple pomace powder and monk-fruit extract.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05919-5.

Effect of Spray Drying on Physicochemical Stability and Antioxidant Capacity of Rosa pimpinellifolia Fruit Extract-Loaded Liposomes Conjugated with Chitosan or Whey Protein During In Vitro Digestion

Spray drying is a well-established, energy efficient, and scalable process widely used in the food industry, however it may lead to thermal degradation of susceptible compounds, such as (poly)phenols, resulting in biological activity loss to some extent. In this study, we aimed to improve the physicochemical stability and bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols from Rosa pimpinellifolia fruit extract (Rosa extract) loaded in liposomes by generating solid particles via spray drying. Liposomes were conjugated with chitosan (Ch) and whey protein (Wp) to optimize the biopolymer concentrations by monitoring mean particle diameter, polydispersity index, and surface charge. The mean diameter of liposomes ranged between 135 and 210 nm upon optimal addition of Ch (0.4%, w/v) and Wp (4.0%, w/v) which also increased the entrapment efficiency of (poly)phenols from 74.2 to 77.8% and 79.1%, respectively. After spray drying, about 65–76% of the antioxidant capacity were retained in biopolymer-conjugated liposomes (Ch or Wp) while the retention rate was 48% in only spray-dried extract (Rosa extract powder). Compared to unencapsulated Rosa extract, spray drying (Rosa extract powder) and conjugation with Ch (Ch-Lip powder) or Wp (Wp-Lip powder) significantly increased the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols and preserved their antioxidant capacity. Based on the findings of this study, Ch- or Wp-conjugation of liposomes prior to spray drying could improve physicochemical stability and protect (poly)phenols loaded in liposomes against processing stress and passage through the digestive tract. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations on a variety of bioactive compounds may draw more attention to their potential as functional foods.

Separation and enrichment of tricolor phosphors in waste phosphors through liquid–liquid–powder extraction method and its benefit evaluation for recovery

This study aimed to separate and enrich tricolor phosphors powder including red, blue, and green phosphors in waste phosphors which also contained white phosphors through liquid–liquid–powder extraction method. Kerosene and water were used as the two liquids. Dodecylamine acetate (DAA) was used as the surfactant collector. The operating factors including pH, DAA dosage, kerosene–water volume ratio, solid concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction time, on the enrichment of tricolor phosphors powder were investigated. In addition, the benefit of introducing liquid–liquid–powder extraction method in the recovery procedure of tricolor phosphors from waste phosphors was also evaluated through the comparison of applying hydrochloric acid (HCl) leaching for the separated tricolor phosphors and the waste phosphors.The results indicated that the optimal conditions of liquid–liquid–powder extraction method were that the dosage of DAA was 1.5 kg/ton at pH 3 with a kerosene–water volume ratio of 20/80 (v/v), a solid concentration of 1.25 w/v%, an extraction temperature of 25 °C, and an extraction time of 15 mins. Under these conditions, the grade of tricolor phosphors recovered from the water phase was enriched from its initial grade of 15.0 % in the waste phosphors to 72.5 % with a recovery of 67.4 %. The benefit of introducing liquid–liquid–powder extraction method was that more than 50 % of the reagent cost and nearly 90 % of the wastewater generation were reduced compared to those without liquid–liquid–powder extraction treatment. In addition, white phosphors with a grade of 92.3 % and a recovery of 96.7 % could be recovered from the kerosene phase simultaneously. This study also demonstrates the merit of introducing a physical separation treatment in a resources recovery procedure before chemical treatment.

Effect of Curcuma longa Rhizome Powder on Metabolic Parameters and Oxidative Stress Markers in High-Fructose and High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Metabolic disorders have become a major and growing global health problem, so finding potentially novel solutions with fewer harm is favourable to solving this problem. Thus, this research aimed to determine the effect of a diet supplemented with Curcuma longa rhizome powder on markers of oxidative stress as well as biochemical and haematological parameters of rats with diet-induced metabolic disorders. The powder was obtained from fresh Curcuma longa rhizome for preparation of extracts, which were used for in vitro analysis. After induction of metabolic disorders in male Wistar rats, they were separated into five groups: base, control, and high-fructose and high-fat diet supplemented with Curcuma longa rhizome powder at 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. The phytochemical analysis of the Curcuma longa rhizome powder extracts revealed the presence of phenols (96.97 ± 0.79 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (133.19 ± 1.64 mg CE/g) and also showed good activities in DPPH free radical scavenging (79.46 ± 2.12%) and good inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme (94.12 ± 2.84%). The food supplementation with Curcuma longa rhizome powder lowered Lee index (326.88 ± 3.08 to 262.45 ± 4.71), glycaemia (189.25 ± 5.98 to 120.5 ± 4.91 mg/dl), peritoneal fat deposition (2.18 ± 0.02 to 1.35 ± 0.14 g/100 g of body weight), triglycerides (58.35 ± 5.37 to 109.94 ± 1.42 mg/dl), total cholesterol (208.53 ± 1.53 to 114.18 ± 2.20 mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (128.73 ± 3.64 to 17.55 ± 1.59 mg/dl), malondialdehyde (67.54 ± 2.48 to 39.75 ± 1.02 nmol/ml), and nitric oxide (27.83 ± 1.44 to 19.36 ± 1.28 nmol/ml) and increased HDL-cholesterol (48.12 ± 1.82 to 74.21 ± 1.04 mg/dl) and catalase activity (4.12 ± 0.56 to 11.58 ± 0.83 U/min/ml) with the best result at 5% supplementation. According to these results, the Curcuma longa rhizome powder supplement is a promising alternative for the treatment of metabolic disorders and oxidative stress.

Screening of different extraction methods for maximum production of total flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidants from Centella asiatica

The study was carried out to maximise the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and evaluate the total flavonoid, tannin, and antioxidant activity of the wellknown medicinal herb Centella asiatica. A total of nine extraction methods were used viz. squeezing of fresh leaves, extraction of fresh leaves and oven-dried powder using boiled water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone as solvents, respectively. Different in vitro assays were used to maximize the extraction of total flavonoid content, and total tannin content. The antioxidant activities in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of C. asiatica were also evaluated. The extract from oven-dried powder using 70% acetone exhibited the maximum flavonoid (3.0533±0.1069 mg QE/g) and tannin content (0.7800±0.0100 mg TAE/g). The powder extract using 70% acetone also exhibited the highest total phenolic content (13.883±0.050 mg GAE/g), DPPH (70.630±2.310%) and FRAP value (166.670±2.260 mg AAE/100g). The acetone extract of dried C. asiatica powder was found to be the best extraction procedure for tannin, total flavonoids, and antioxidant production. The findings of this study might be helpful in extracting natural antioxidants from C. asiatica and improve the existing literature.

Effect of Time Extraction Cardamom Seeds in Aquos Solvent on Physical, Total Phenol, and Flavonoid Properties

Cardamom seed spice is a plant that has bioactive components which are thought to be able to act as a natural antioxidant, so it has the potential to be a natural food additive in functional food products. These bioactive components can be obtained by extraction method using distilled water as a solvent. However, there have not been many studies regarding the effect of the extraction time used. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of the extraction time of cardamom seeds in simplicia and powder form on the physical properties, total phenols and total flavonoids. The extraction method used is maceration with extraction time levels of 5 minutes, 7 minutes and 9 minutes using distilled water as a solvent. The extract obtained will be tested for physical, qualitative and quantitative properties of total phenols and total flavonoids. The research results show that cardamom seed extract contains phenolics and flavonoids compound with different strengths and the extract color is brownish yellow. The resulting yield was 27.14% with the highest of total phenols 168,796 µg/mL and total flavonoids 38,564 µg/mL in the treatment of cardamom seed powder extraction time of 9 minutes. Cardamom seed powder extract prepared with an extraction time of 9 minutes is more capable of extracting bioactive components compared to other time levels and simplicia form.

Range of Molecular Weight of Different Effective Components in the Aqueous Extract of Angelica-Radix Hedysari Ultrafiltration Content by HPLC-MS

The molecular weight range of effective components in the aqueous extract of Angelica-Radix Hedysari (1:5) was analyzed, providing a foundation for understanding its chemical composition and pharmacodynamics. Ultrafiltration technology was used to prepare different forms of the extract, including water extract powder, ultrafiltration powder, ultrafiltration saponin component powder, and ultrafiltration polysaccharide component powder. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) were used to analyze these extracts. Comparison between the components of Angelica-Radix Hedysari using HPLC and HPLC-MS showed that the ultrafiltration products contained fewer components than the original extract powder. However, the content of some components in the ultrafiltration products increased. The components with molecular weight greater than 10 kDa were removed during ultrafiltration, resulting in fewer components in the ultrafiltration products compared to Angelica Hongqi extract powder.

Development of Bio-Based Smart Edible Food Packaging Using Roselle Flower Extract and Eggshell Powder as Active Agents

Recent trends revealed smart edible film can improve safety and extend the shelf life of food packaged. Cassava starch, gelatine, glycerol, roselle flower extract, and eggshell powder can be used to produce bio-based smart edible film. This study aimed to develop a bio-based smart edible film using roselle flower extract and eggshell powder. In this research, A total of six treatment were used, which was cassava starch, gelatine, glycerol (CGG) as control; control + eggshell (CGGE); control + roselle extract 15 ppm (CGGR); control + eggshell + roselle extract (15 ppm) (CGGER15); control + eggshell + roselle extract 10 ppm (CGGER10); control + eggshell + roselle extract 5 ppm (CGGER5). Parameters examined included total phenol, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the color of edible film, and color, aroma, and pH of chicken meat samples. The results showed that the addition of roselle flower extract and eggshell powder had a significant effect on the parameters measured. The smart edible film has a total phenol of 367.9814-526.0559 mg GAE/100 g sample, total anthocyanins of 1.9872–4.2457 mg cy-3-glueq/100 g sample, antioxidant activity of 40.5488-96.2946%, WVTR of 96.2412-149.6401g/m2/24 hours, tensile strength of 1.4020-13.0243 N/mm2, and percent elongation of 2.242-94.7725%. Based on the parameters measured the best treatment is the CCGER15. Moreover, the smart edible film can act as indicator for the steamed chicken during storage.

In Vivo: Anthelmintic Activity of Phyllanthus Emblica Against Larvae of Fasciola Gigantica

The research article illustrates the in vivo anthelmintic larvicidal activities of the Phyllanthus emblica against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria larvae of Fasciola gigantica. Fascioliases are distributed among cattle and human populations worldwide. The spreading of Fasciola can be controlled by the break of the life cycle in the host snail. The fresh-water snail Lymnaea acuminata is an intermediate host of the F. gigantica. The exposure of bark powder and, various preparations, of P. emblica, was observed in vivo for up to 8h at various concentrations against F. gigantica larvae. The toxic effect of various preparations of P. emblica was observed at 2, 4, 6, and 8h of the exposure period. The in vivo exposure of bark powder of P. emblica was more effective against redia larvae after 2h, 4h, 6h, and 8h the LC50 values were 74.63, 65.42, 72.16 and 71.03 mg/l, respectively. The column extract of bark powder of P. emblica against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria in 2h exposure the LC50 value was noted 65.36, 70.32, and 69.36 mg/l and 8h exposure the LC50 value was 56.23, 66.10, and 67.13 mg/l, respectively. The various formulations of P. emblica bark powder can be used for the control of fascioliasis.

Chicory, Barley Extract, and Date Powder as a Coffee-Like Drink

Chicory, Barley Extract, and Date Powder as a Coffee-Like Drink