Powder Diffraction Patterns Research Articles

Carbonization of Carbohydrates in an Atmosphere of Argon and under the Action of Calcium and Iron Chlorides

The carbonization of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and starch) in an inert gas atmosphere of argon and under the action of calcium chloride and iron(III) chloride additives was studied. It was established that the addition of calcium and iron(III) chlorides exerted a peculiar catalytic effect on the carbonization process. Carbon production can be carried out at lower temperatures to 200°С. In traditional methods of synthesis, carbonization upon the decomposition of carbohydrates occurs at temperatures of 300–800°C. It was found that the process of carbon production was accompanied by the release of heat, which was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations of the chemical reaction of carbon production and experimental studies of the carbonization of carbohydrates by differential scanning calorimetry. A regular decrease in the yield of carbon, as compared to a maximum theoretically possible one, was observed in the order glucose sucrose starch. It was established that the heat of combustion of carbon obtained upon the carbonization of carbohydrates under the action calcium and iron chlorides reached 34 MJ/kg or more due to the presence of structural fragments that do not occupy energetically favorable positions compared to the graphite structure. The presence of the structural fragments of carbon was established by X-ray phase analysis of powder diffraction patterns.

Ispitivanje fotokatalitičkih osobina Er3+ i Yb3+ dopiranog nanopraha stroncijum-gadolinijum-oksida

This research aimed to investigate for the first-time photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over SrGd2 O4 powders co-doped with constant Er3+ (0.5 at%) and different Yb3+ (1, 2.5 and 5 at%) concentrations. The samples were successfully prepared via sol-gel assisted combustion method. X-ray Powder Diffraction pattern proved that all samples crystallize as a pure orthorhombic SrGd2 O4 phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used for morphology characterization and it revealed the existence of porous agglomerated round-shaped particles. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showed the presence of dopant ions and even distribution of all constituting elements. For energy band calculation, UV-VIS Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy was performed and a value of 4.3 eV was obtained, as well as the four additional values from the bands at lower energies. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was monitored using UV-VIS Absorption Spectroscopy. The obtained results were promising since after 4 h of exposure to the simulating Sun irradiation, more than 50% of the starting dye concentration was mineralized.

Using singular value decomposition to analyze drug/β-cyclodextrin mixtures: insights from X-ray powder diffraction patterns.

The article discusses the use of mathematical models and linear algebra to understand the crystalline structures and interconversion pathways of drug complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). It involved the preparation and analysis of mixtures of indomethacin, diclofenac, famotidine, and cimetidine with β-CD using techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is used to identify the presence of different polymorphs in the mixtures of these drugs and β-CD, determine interconversion pathways, and distinguish between different forms. In general, linear algebra or artificial intelligence (AI) is used to approximate the contribution of distinguishable entities to various phenomena. We expected linear algebra to completely reveal all eight entities present in the diffractogram dataset. However, after performing the SVD procedure, we found that only six independent basis functions were extracted, and the entities of the INM α-form and the CIM B-form were not included. It is considered that this is due to that data processing is limited to revealing only six or seven independent factors, as it is a small world. The authors caution that these may not always reproduce or approach reality in complicated real-world situations.

Synthesis and investigation of the morphological, optical, electrical and dielectric characteristics of a disodium cobalt orthogermanate.

A sodium cobalt germanate material (Na2CoGeO4) was synthesized and studied. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern revealed a monoclinic crystal system with the Pn space group. The calculated value of the direct bandgap (Eg) was (3.89 ± 0.02) eV. Electrical measurements were undertaken in a frequency range from 40 Hz to 1 MHz and a temperature range from 403 K to 573 K. Nyquist plots revealed only a semicircle in the whole impedance spectra due to the effect of interior grains. The AC conductivity of Na2CoGeO4 was associated with the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Studies of the complex electric modulus M*(ω) confirmed that the relaxation process was thermally activated.

Ac conductivity and modulus behavior of K0.12Na0.54Ag0.34Nb4AsO13 compound

Some physical properties of K0.12Na0.54Ag0.34Nb4AsO13 powder, synthesized visa a solid-state reaction at 800 °C, are discussed in this study. The vibrational analysis verifies the existence of the AsO43− and NbO67− functional groups. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern and Rietveld refinement confirm the formation of a pure phase that crystallizes in an orthorhombic system with a Cmcm space group. The structure and chemical composition of the compound are studied using the Scanning Electron Microscopy and the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Complex impedance spectroscopy is used to examine the electrical conductivity, dielectric properties and relaxation behavior of the aforementioned compound at different temperatures and across the 0.01 kHz–13 MHz frequency range. The correlation between K0.12Na0.54Ag0.34Nb4AsO13's crystalline structure and its ionic conductivity is also studied.

Adsorption of UO 22+ on Fibrous Cerium Phosphate and its Alanine and Arginine Intercalated Materials

Amorphous fibrous cerium (IV) phosphate (f-CeP) was prepared and characterized. Batch sorption method was performed to investigate uptake of uranyl ion (UO2)2+ aqueous solution by amorphous fibrous cerium phosphate f-CeP, using different variables in order to elucidate its applicability as a uranium sorption medium. Sorption of Uranyl ions was measured spectrophotometically after its extraction by 8-hydroxy quinoline, implementing best adsorption conditions (pH, contact time, ionic strength, amount of adsorbent, and initial uranyl ion concentration) for estimation. Exchange capacity of f-CeP was 4.25meq/g. Its x-ray powder diffraction pattern showed an amorphous material with d001 spacing value of 10.76 Å. While its amino acid intercalates showed a significant increase in the d001 to 11.33Å for f-CeP / alanine and 14.19Å for f-CeP / arginine. From spectrophotometric analysis, the results showed that the maximum uranyl ion adsorption capacity reached the initial concentration of 50ppm, pH 4.5, contact time 3hrs and adsorption dosage of 2 g/L. However, amino acid intercalates showed less adsorption efficiency than their parent analogue.

Structure of diopside, enstatite, and magnesium aluminosilicate glasses: A joint approach using neutron and x-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR.

Neutron diffraction with magnesium isotope substitution, high energy x-ray diffraction, and 29Si, 27Al, and 25Mg solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to measure the structure of glassy diopside (CaMgSi2O6), enstatite (MgSiO3), and four (MgO)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1-x-y glasses, with x = 0.375 or 0.25 along the 50 mol. % silica tie-line (1 - x - y = 0.5) or with x = 0.3 or 0.2 along the 60 mol. % silica tie-line (1 - x - y = 0.6). The bound coherent neutron scattering length of the isotope 25Mg was remeasured, and the value of 3.720(12) fm was obtained from a Rietveld refinement of the powder diffraction patterns measured for crystalline 25MgO. The diffraction results for the glasses show a broad asymmetric distribution of Mg-O nearest-neighbors with a coordination number of 4.40(4) and 4.46(4) for the diopside and enstatite glasses, respectively. As magnesia is replaced by alumina along a tie-line with 50 or 60 mol. % silica, the Mg-O coordination number increases with the weighted bond distance as less Mg2+ ions adopt a network-modifying role and more of these ions adopt a predominantly charge-compensating role. 25Mg magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR results could not resolve the different coordination environments of Mg2+ under the employed field strength (14.1T) and spinning rate (20kHz). The results emphasize the power of neutron diffraction with isotope substitution to provide unambiguous site-specific information on the coordination environment of magnesium in disordered materials.

Nonionic surfactant-assisted strategy towards disorderly layered UiO-66-on-clinoptilolites heterostructure as efficient adsorbent for selective adsorption of CO2 and CH4

• Nonionic surfactant-assisted strategy for UiO-66-on-clinoptilolite was proposed. • MOF particle located on facet exposures of CP lamellas was controlled by PEG and PVP. • UiO-66-NH 2 -on-CP hybrid exhibited an excellent separation performance for CO 2 and CH 4. The constructed strategy of the disorderly layered UiO-66-on-clinoptilolite heterostructures was proposed through assistance of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Their physicochemical properties were demonstrated via various characterizations, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning/transmission electron microscope (SEM/TEM) images. Particularly, the small‑angle X‑ray scattering (SAXS) method was employed to elucidate their fractal structure evolutions, manifesting the transformations of surface fractal with irregularity and roughness. The results showed that the PEG introduction was beneficial to the formation of disorderly layered clinoptilolites (CP). The particles sizes of UiO-66-NH 2 were successfully controlled via additive PVP, and the interactions between UiO-66-NH 2 and deposited CP-PEG were enhanced. The preliminarily adsorption performances of the obtained UiO-66-on-CPs exhibited a superior selective factor (around 26) of CO 2 /CH 4 . This approach may open a new avenue to improve its adsorption selective performance for CO 2 and CH 4 due to its dual microporous features and enlarged lamellar spacing.

Magnesium and barium in two substructures: BaTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and the isotypic cadmium compound BaAuCd2 with MgCuAl2 type structure

Abstract The intermetallic barium compounds BaTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and BaAuCd2 were synthesized by reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in muffle furnaces. The five compounds crystallize with the orthorhombic MgCuAl2 type structure, space group Cmcm, with small differences in chemical bonding between the magnesium and cadmium series. All samples were characterized through their Guinier powder diffraction patterns. The structures of BaPdMg2 (a = 444.57(4), b = 1174.67(10), c = 827.58(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0460, 475 F 2 values, 16 variables), BaAuMg2 (a = 450.27(6), b = 1183.94(16), c = 838.76(11) pm, wR2 = 0.0355, 473 F 2 values, 16 variables) and BaAuCd2 (a = 463.31(5), b = 1112.79(12), c = 826.63(8) pm, wR2 = 0.0453, 469 F 2 values, 16 variables) were refined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The large barium atoms push the [TMg2] respectively [AuCd2] substructures apart. This allows fast moisture attack and leads to fast hydrolyzes of the samples when they get in contact with water. The influence of the difference in electronegativity between magnesium and cadmium is reflected for the pair of compounds BaAuMg2 and BaAuCd2. The magnesium compound shows the higher auridic character, while the cadmium compound shows a tendency towards a three-dimensional cadmium substructure.

Band-gap assessment from X-ray powder diffraction using artificial intelligence

X-ray diffraction is a phenomenon that stems from the interaction of the electron density of a crystalline material and the electric field of the X-ray waves. The product of this interaction, the diffraction pattern, provides a picture of the reciprocal space of the atomic distribution in terms of intensities of certain scattering wavevectors. In this manner, a correlation between those intensities seen in a diffraction pattern and the electronic properties of a material is suggested. This correlation, if it exists, may not be directly proposed using analytical expressions. This article shows for the first time the feasibility of assessing the band gap of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and organic and inorganic materials from their X-ray powder diffraction pattern. The band gaps were assessed with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These CNNs were developed using simulated X-ray powder diffraction patterns and the band gaps calculated with density functional theory. The diffraction patterns were simulated with different crystal sizes, from 10 nm to the macrocrystalline size. In addition, the reported band gaps of MOFs and organic compounds in the Quantum MOF Database and the Organic Materials Database data sets were used, which were calculated with the PBE functional. Furthermore, the band gaps calculated by Kim et al. [Sci. Data (2020), 7, 387] for inorganic compounds with the HSE functional were used. The developed CNNs were tested with simulated diffraction patterns of compounds different from those used to train the CNNs, as well as with experimentally recorded diffraction patterns. The developed CNNs allowed the assessment of the band gap of the compounds with a root-mean-square error as low as 0.492 eV after training with over 64 000 diffraction patterns.

Characterization of green route synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract: Antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and photocatalytic potential

Cyperus rotundus rhizome has been employed in traditional Chinese and Indian Ayurvedic herbal formulations. Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles has gained significant attention due to its economic, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and eco-friendliness. The current study confirmed the biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by an ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum of 353 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that bioactive functional groups served as reducing and stabilizing agents for ZnONPs. Further, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns showed crystalline nature with a hexagonal phase and strongly correlated with JCPDS file number 36-1451. The electron microscopic studies revealed irregular spherical particles with a size range of 17–100 nm and EDAX analysis validated the crystalline purity of ZnONPs. The average size of the ZnONPs determined by dynamic light scattering was 95.89 nm and the zeta potential was −12.1 mV, indicating stability of the particles. Moreover, the ZnONPs exhibited noticeable antioxidant potential by scavenging free radicals on DPPH (59.74%), ABTs (66.35%), nitric oxide (65.75%) and reducing power (63.94%) in a dose-dependent manner. The bacterial cell damages were observed through FESEM, confirming the antibacterial efficacy of ZnONPs. Further, the ZnONPs exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect (62.34 μg/mL) against breast cancer cells and subsequent fluorescence staining demonstrated apoptotic and necrotic features in damaged cells. The photocatalytic effectiveness of ZnONPs demonstrated increased eco-bioremediation capabilities by degrading crystal violet (80.69%) and methylene blue (88.93%) dyes. Thus, this is the first report on ZnONPs synthesized using C. rotundus could be explored as a promising material for biological and photocatalytic applications.

Direct Observation of Size-Dependent Phase Transition in Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Microcrystals and Nanocrystals.

Methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskites have been widely studied as active materials for advanced optoelectronics. As crystalline semiconductor materials, their properties are strongly affected by their crystal structure. Depending on their applications, the size of MA lead halide perovskite crystals varies by several orders of magnitude. The particle size can lead to different structural phase transitions and optoelectronic properties. Herein, we investigate the size effect for phase transition of MA lead bromide (MAPbBr3) by comparing the temperature-dependent neutron powder diffraction patterns of microcrystals and nanocrystals. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition occurs in MAPbBr3 microcrystals within the temperature range from 100 to 310 K. However, the phase transition is absent in nanocrystals in this temperature range. In this work, we offer a persuasive and direct evidence of the relationship between the particle size and the phase transition in perovskite crystals.

Magnetic structure of the swedenborgite compound CaBaMn2Fe2O7 derived by powder neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy

We present a study combining neutron diffraction and $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectroscopy on a powder sample of ${\mathrm{CaBaMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ belonging to the large family of swedenborgite compounds. The undistorted hexagonal crystal structure (space group $P{6}_{3}mc$) is preserved down to low temperatures, and all employed techniques reveal a transition into a magnetically long-range ordered phase at ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ = 205 K. The magnetic Bragg peak intensities from the powder diffraction patterns together with a symmetry analysis of the employed models unambiguously reveal the classical $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ magnetic structure on a hexagonal lattice with propagation vector $\mathbf{q}=(\frac{1}{3}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\frac{1}{3}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}0)$. The nuclear Bragg peak intensities allowed the statistical distribution of Fe and Mn ions on both trigonal and kagome sites of the complex swedenborgite structure to be analyzed which was considered to explain the complex shape of the M\"ossbauer spectra.

Investigation of structural, optical and electrical properties of PCBM/ZnOEP thin films

In the present work, the spin coating technique was used to prepare the (6, 6)-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Zinc (II) octaethylporphyrin (ZnOEP) thin films by adjusting their relative ratio in blend solutions. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns assumed growth in the amorphous nature of the films with increasing PCBM concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images clearly were showed homogeneous agglomeration. The simultaneous presence of ZnOEP and PCBM Raman modes in the Raman spectrum proved composite production. Values of the indirect-energy band gap were calculated using optical absorption measurements. The disorder in the films affected optical constants, dispersion parameters, and dielectric parameters such as dispersion energy, Ed oscillator energy Eo, plasma frequency ωp, lattice dielectric constant εL, and the carrier concentration to effective mass ratio (N/m*). The change in the charge transfer (CT) of the composite might be due to the presence of PCBM improving the nonlinear optical parameters of PCBM/ZnOEP thin films. Lastly, the dark J-V showed how changing the amount of PCBM could make the current density better. Overall, the findings for PCBM/ZnOEP thin films showed that they offer a new range of potential optoelectronic device applications.

New complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) halides with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene: Synthesis, structure, and thermal stability

A series of isostructural metal-organic compounds of a [MeX(1,8-DAN)2]X general formula (where Me denotes Zn or Cd, X = Cl, Br or I, and 1,8-DAN = 1,8-diaminonaphthalene) was synthesized and characterized. The compounds were obtained as powders and only for [CdBr(1,8-DAN)2]Br a single crystal suitable for diffraction-based structure determination was successfully grown. The crystal structure reveals that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) and is built of [CdBr(1,8-DAN)2]+ units organized into layers. One half of the halide anions are placed between the complex cations compensating their positive charge.X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns and infrared (IR) spectra confirm that all the studied compounds are isostructural which allowed using the structure model obtained for [CdBr(1,8-DAN)2]Br as the starting point of the structure analyses of other compounds. Unit cell sizes of the studied compounds change according to the changes in the sizes of the ions with unit cell volume higher for cadmium complexes than for the zinc ones. The volume is also increasing in the order from chlorine to iodine. Additionally, thermal stability (175 – 225 °C) and decomposition routes of the materials were investigated using non-ambient XRPD measurements while their crystallite habit was studied using SEM images (thin plates of various degrees of crystallization).

Co-crystals of ezetimibe: design, formulation and evaluation

Crystallization is a very promising approach to design solid-state properties with desired physicochemical properties. The objective of the present research work was to design, formulate and evaluate Ezetimibe cocrystals. In the present study, Cocrystals of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, Ezetimibe using 3-pyridine carboxamide as coformer were prepared. 3-pyridine carboxamide was selected as suitable coformer from initial screening. Cocrystals of Ezetimibe with 3-pyridine carboxamide were obtained in 1:1 ratio by solution crystallization method. Hot stage microscopy indicated interaction among drug and coformer. Differential scanning calorimetry spectra of formulated cocrystals reflected shift in endotherm corresponding to melting point in comparison to Ezetimibe, coformer and physical mixture. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated towards shifting in specific bands characteristic of Ezetimibe. X-Ray Powder Diffraction pattern pointed towards crystallinity and difference in 2θ values of characteristic peaks. The cocrystals showed faster dissolution rate in comparison to Ezetimibe and marketed sample. Pharmacodynamic investigation reveals that cocrystals reduced lipid levels in serum in comparison to pure drug. Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Ezetimibe with 3-pyridine carboxamide represented a promising approach to improve bioavailability of Ezetimibe drug.

Crystal structure and X-ray powder diffraction data for two solid-state forms of topiroxostat

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for the topiroxostat form II, C13H8N6, are reported [a = 7.344(9) Å, b = 12.946(7) Å, c = 12.133(5) Å, β = 96.99(3)°, V = 1145.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, and space group P21/c]. The topiroxostat monohydrate, C13H8N6·H2O, crystallized in a triclinic system and unit-cell parameters are also reported [a = 7.422(9) Å, b = 8.552(1) Å, c = 11.193(5) Å, α = 74.85(1)°, β = 81.17(1)°, γ = 66.29(1)°, V = 627.0(6) Å3, Z = 2, and space group P-1]. In each case, all measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the corresponding space group. The single-crystal data of two solid-state forms of topiroxostat are also reported, respectively [a = 7.346(2) Å, b = 12.955(2) Å, c = 12.130(7) Å, β = 96.91(6)°, V = 1146.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, and space group P21/c] and [a = 7.418(6) Å, b = 8.532(8) Å, c = 11.183(9) Å, α = 74.807(1) °, β = 81.13(1)°, γ = 66.32(1) °, V = 624.7(6) Å3, Z = 2, and space group P-1]. The experimental powder diffraction pattern has been well matched with the simulated pattern derived from the single-crystal data.

Lu26 T 17–x In x (T = Rh, Ir, Pt) – first indium intermetallics with Sm26Co11Ga6-type structure

Abstract Several Lu26 T 17−x In x (T = Rh, Ir, Pt) phases with varying x values were obtained by induction-melting reactions of the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules. All samples were characterized through their X-ray powder diffraction patterns. These compounds crystallize with the tetragonal Sm26Co11Ga6-type structure, space group P4/mbm and Z = 2. The structure of Lu26Pt7.55In9.45 has been refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a = 1165.32(5), c = 1547.46(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0895, 2173 F 2 values and 70 variables. The Lu26 T 17−x In x phases are the first indium representatives of the Sm26Co11Ga6 type. They belong to the n = 4 members of Parthé’s A 5n+6 B 3n+5 series, which show different stacking sequences of square prisms and antiprisms. Lu26Pt7.55In9.45 as a lutetium-rich intermetallic compound exhibits a broader range of shorter Lu–Lu distances (341–375 pm). Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show Pauli paramagnetism for Lu26Ir8.5In8.5 and Lu26Rh7In10 with room temperature values of the magnetic susceptibility of χ = 1.53 × 10−3 emu mol−1 for Lu26Rh7In10 and χ = 6.54 × 10−4 emu mol−1 for Lu26Ir8.5In8.5.

SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX OXIDES OF COBALT-NEODYMIUM FROM HETEROCOMPLEXES AND THEIR CATALYTIC ACTIVITY IN THE DE­COM­POSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

New heterometallic complexes of Сo(II) and Nd(III) with carboxylic acids (succinic, oxalic) and acetylacetone in the presence of phenanthroline or α,α'-dipyridyl have been synthesized. Their thermal properties and the ability to form complex oxides during thermal degradation have been studied. In the process of thermolysis of heterocomplexes, neodymium cobaltate NdCoO3 was obtained, which is confirmed by the results of X-ray powder diffraction.
 The research has established that the X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the products obtained by thermolysis of heterocomplex [Сo2Nd2(C4Н4O4)5·2Phen]·4Н2О to 1000 °С exhibits peaks at (2θ): 23.40, 33.74, 41.42, 48.32, 54.52, 59.94, 70.58°. This corresponds to the neodymium cobaltate NdCoO3. Neodymium cobaltate crystallizes in the cubic crystal system. The sample was obtained without extraneous phases inclusions. For the samples obtained by the termolysis of he­te­rocomplexes [Сo2Nd2(C2O4)5·2Phen]·4Н2О and NdCo(AA)5·2α,α'-dipy, in addition to the complex oxide NdCoO3, peaks of Nd2O3 were recorded, which crystallizes in the hexa­gonal crystal system. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns show peaks with 2θ values: 26.92, 29.75, 30.77, 40.54, 47.53, 53.63, 57.08°. The phase ratio of NdCoO3/Nd2O3 after termolysis for the sample of CoNd(AA)5·2α,α'-dipy is ~ 68.9/31.1%; for the sample of [Сo2Nd2(C2O4)5·2Phen]·4Н2О is ~ 50/50%; for the sample of [Сo2Nd2(C4Н4O4)5·2Phen]·4Н2О is NdCoO3 ~ 100%. The average crystallites size of complex oxides was calculated using the Scherer formula. It has been showed that neodymium cobaltate has an average particle size of ~33 nm, regardless of the complex precursor from which it was formed during thermolysis.
 The catalytic effect of neodymium cobaltates in the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction was studied. It was shown that all samples of complex oxides showed a quite high cataly­tic activity in the all of experiments in the hydro­gen peroxide decomposition reactions.

Colloidal Synthesis of γ-MnS Nanorods with Uniform Controlled Size and Pure ⟨002⟩ Growth Direction.

One dimensional (1D) compound semiconductor nanostructures have unique anisotropic optical, electrical, and physical properties. Synthesis of large scale 1D nanostructures with pure crystallographic growth direction by a colloidal route and finding an easy method to prove it were significant for further exploring their unique anisotropic properties. Additionally, MnS is one of the most important optoelectronic and magnetic semiconductors. Herein, the large scale γ-MnS nanorods with completely pure ⟨002⟩ growth direction were first synthesized and convinced by solid evidence using the X-ray diffraction method. Compared with the standard diffraction pattern of γ-MnS powder, the ⟨002⟩ oriented long γ-MnS nanorods showed only the (100),(110), (200), and (210) peaks while other diffraction peaks disappeared. This study opened a door for the synthesis of the 1D colloidal nanostructures with pure crystallographic growth direction at large scale, benefiting the manufacture of a novel apparatus based on their anisotropic properties.