Povidone-iodine Research Articles

Systematic Review of Intra-Articular Use of Antibiotics and Antiseptic Irrigation and their Association with Chondrolysis

Category: Arthroscopy; Other Introduction/Purpose: Intra-articular antibiotics have been proposed as a treatment for septic arthritis to allow for high local concentrations without subjecting a patient to systemic therapy and its associated toxicity/side effects. However, there is concern for chondrotoxicity with intra-articular use of antimicrobials and antiseptic solutions in high concentrations. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the intra-articular use of antibiotics and antiseptic solutions, determine their association with chondrolysis following in vitro or in vivo administration, and identify the dosages at which they become chondrotoxic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines through PubMed, Clinical Key, OVID, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were written in the English language and evaluated for chondrotoxicity following in vitro or in vivo intra-articular exposure to an antibiotic and antiseptic solutions. All agents, study characteristics, and conclusions were extracted and summarized. Results: The initial search resulted in 228 studies, with 36 meeting full inclusion criteria. Overall, chondrotoxicity was not associated with 7 out of 24 (29%) included agents: minocycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, pefloxacin, linezolid, polymyxin-bacitracin. Inconsistent results were noted with 8 (33%) agents: doxycycline, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, chlorhexidine, and povidone iodine. Chondrotoxicity was evident with 9 (38%) agents, all of which were also dose-dependently chondrotoxic based on reported estimated half maximal inhibitory concentrations (est.IC50): amikacin (est. IC50 = 0.31-2.74 mg/mL), neomycin (0.82 mg/mL), cefazolin (1.67-3.95 mg/mL), ceftazidime (3.16-3.59 mg/mL), ampicillin- sulbactam (8.64 - >25 mg/mL), penicillin (11.61 mg/mL), amoxicillin (14.01 mg/mL), imipenem (>25 mg/mL), and tobramycin (>25 mg/mL). Additionally, certain studies reported chondroprotective effects of doxycycline and minocycline. Conclusion: This systematic review identified antimicrobial and antiseptic agents that may be used in the treatment of septic arthritis. The following agents should be avoided due to their dose-dependent chondrotoxic effects: amikacin, neomycin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ampicillin-sulbactam, penicillin, amoxicillin, imipenem, and tobramycin. Further studies, especially in human models, are needed to clarify the safety of these medications for human intra-articular use.

Vaginal Cleansing with Povidone Iodine before Elective Caesarean Section at Benha University Hospitals

Vaginal Cleansing with Povidone Iodine before Elective Caesarean Section at Benha University Hospitals

Use of Povidone Iodine Vaginal Swabbing in Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Use of Povidone Iodine Vaginal Swabbing in Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Polypropylene mesh versus nylon mosquito net mesh for external abdominal hernias repair in cattle and buffaloes

Herein, the effectiveness of locally sourced and autoclaved nylon mosquito net mesh for the repair of external abdominal hernias was investigated. Eleven animals (7 cattle and 4 buffaloes) having hernial ring sizes of 8 to 30 cm in diameter were divided into two Groups 1 (5 animals) and Group 2 (6 animals). In Group 1, nylon mosquito net mesh was used, and in Group 2, polypropylene mesh was used for the repair of defects. The animals were sedated with xylazine HCl and given local anaesthesia during surgery. Over the external hernial sac, an elliptical skin incision was made. The internal hernial sac was bluntly dissected and freed down to the hernial ring. The internal hernial sac was opened, and the hernial ring was repaired with nylon mosquito net mesh or polypropylene mesh using the inlay technique. After hernioplasty, the sac and subcutaneous tissue were repaired with prolene suture material. The skin incision was closed with simple interrupted mattress sutures using monofilament polyamide suture material. Antibiotics and analgesics were given postoperatively, and povidone iodine was used to treat the suture line daily. The skin sutures were removed on the 10th to 15th postoperative day, depending upon the wound condition. Mild inflammatory swelling in Group 1 was observed at the incision line, which had completely subsided by the 15th postoperative day. The wounds healed by first intention in both groups. In any case, no recurrence was seen in a follow-up period of 3 months. Without clinical signs of wound dehiscence, infection, or recurrence, all animals recovered uneventfully.

Investigation the Role of Various Antiseptics on the Prevalence of Skin Microbiota and Post Cesarean Surgery Infections

During this study, 690 swabs were taken from different sites divided as the following: First, 350 swabs from surgical instruments, doctor gloves, and antiseptics before beginning cesarean surgery to ensure their sterilization. Second, 310 swabs from 70 skins (out of 100) of female patients attending Al-Elwiya Educational Maternity Hospital were taken at the site of cesarean surgery incision before and after sterilization with 10% povidone-iodine and 10% povidone-iodine mixed with 70% ethanol to detect the efficiency of antiseptics and any bacterial invasion might cause post operative infections. Furthermore, 30 swabs from infected surgical sites were taken from 30 female patients with post operative cesarean infections to detect the causative bacterial pathogen. The result of 350 swabs that were all taken from different surgical instruments, doctor gloves, and antiseptics before surgery in all groups showed negative growth culture. The bacterial isolates were primary identified by phenotypic examinations and biochemical tests and final identification by VITEK -2 system. Staphylococcus epidermidis was revealed to be the prevalent bacterial species from all skin sample sources, while Staphylococcus aureus was dominant in surgical site infections. Sterilization with 10% povidone iodine mixed with 70% ethanol showed less bacterial load on skin with a significant decrease in the numbers of isolated bacteria in comparison to use 10% povidone iodine solution alone.

The effect of ocular rinse volume on surface irritation after povidone-iodine preparation for intravitreal injections: a randomized controlled trial

PurposeTo evaluate whether the volume of wash out rinse after povidone iodine (PI) application for intravitreal injections (IVI) affects patients’ ocular surface irritation.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-masked, randomized-controlled trial consisting of 142 subjects. A total of 51, 45, and 46 patients received 3-mL, 10-mL, and 15-mL of ocular rinse respectively. Reductions in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness II (SPEED II) surveys, conducted before and at 24–72 h post-injection, were analyzed.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in objective dry eye findings of Schirmer test (p-value = 0.788), tear break-up time (p-value = 0.403), Oxford fluorescein grade (p-value = 0.424) between the study groups prior to injections. Dry eye symptoms as measured by reductions in the OSDI and SPEEDII scores were not different between the study groups (p-value = 0.0690 and 0.6227, respectively).ConclusionThere is no difference in patients’ ocular surface irritation between 3-mL, 10-mL, and 15-mL post injection rinse. Given the large number of IVIs performed, modification of practice patterns based on these findings could lead to significant reduction in global cost burden for IVIs.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF KELAKAI AND KATUK LEAVES EXTRACT COMBINATION IN COMPARISON TO 1% Povidone iodine AGAINST Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is one of the causes of aggressive periodontitis. Povidone iodine mouthwash at 1% concentration can be used to reduce the growth of these bacteria, but long-term use may lead to side effects that initiate the need for an alternative herbal mouthwash. Kelakai leaves contain antibacterial substances such as flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and steroid, while katuk leaves contain flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and saponin. Combination of these two extracts can be used to increase the effectiveness produced. Objective: To prove that the antibacterial activity of kelakai and katuk leaves extract has the same effectivity as 1% Povidone iodine against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: True experimental method with post-test only and control group design was applied in this study. The antibacterial activity test was performed using diffusion method in 13 treatment groups with triple repetition. The total samples used were 39 samples. The treatment groups were the combination of kelakai leaves extract with 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% concentration and katuk leaves extract with 20%, 40%, 80% concentration, and 1% Povidone iodine. The parameter measured was the inhibitory zone (mm). Results: Combination of 100% kelakai leaves and 80% katuk leaves extract has the highest inhibitory zone of 17.33 mm. Post Hoc Bonferroni test results showed that the combination of 75% kelakai leaves and 80% katuk leaves extract were the only group that had no significant difference to 1% Povidone iodine. Conclusion: Combination of 75% kelakai leaves extract and 80% katuk leaves extract is statistically equivalent to 1% Povidone iodine against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Keywords: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, inhibitory zone, katuk leaves extract, kelakai leaves extract, 1% Povidone iodine.

Comparison of Honey & Povidone Iodine dressings in Post-Cesarean Surgical Site Wound Infection Healing.

To compare the healing of post-cesarean infected wounds by a combination of honey and povidone iodine & povidone-iodine alone dressings using ASEPSIS Score. This prospective randomised cohort study was carried out at at OBGYN Department Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center from 1st August 2022 till 31st December 2022. Patients were randomly allocated into groups A and B. Group-A was dressed with honey povidone-iodine, while Group-B only had povidone-iodine. The ASEPSIS score was calculated in both groups on day fifth, 7th, 9th, and 10th day. Patients were followed till full recovery of the wound. A total of 70 women were included and equally allocated into two groups A & B (35 each). On day five mean ASEPSIS score in Group-A was 36.14 and that in Group- B was 37.74. No significant difference in scores were noted on day five [t (68) = -.753, p = .454] & day seven Group-A 28.63 vs Group-B 32.11 [t (68) = -1.302, p = .197]. Significant improvements in ASEPSIS scores were noted on days ninth & tenth. On day nine ASEPSIS score of Group-A was 21.54 and that of Group-B was 27.14 [t (68) = -2.056, p = .044]. On day tenth the mean ASEPSIS score of Group-A was 18.26, while that of Group-B was 23.86 [t (68) = -2.021, p = .047]. The mean time required for the wound to heal in Group-A and Group-B was eighteen & twenty-one days respectively. Significant improvements in ASEPSIS score occurred with the use of honey with povidone-iodine combination.

Plasma activated water as a pre-treatment strategy in the context of biofilm-infected chronic wounds

Healing and treatment of chronic wounds are often complicated due to biofilm formation by pathogens. Here, the efficacy of plasma activated water (PAW) as a pre-treatment strategy has been investigated prior to the application of topical antiseptics polyhexamethylene biguanide, povidone iodine, and MediHoney, which are routinely used to treat chronic wounds. The efficacy of this treatment strategy was determined against biofilms of Escherichia coli formed on a plastic substratum and on a human keratinocyte monolayer substratum used as an in vitro biofilm-skin epithelial cell model. PAW pre-treatment greatly increased the killing efficacy of all the three antiseptics to eradicate the E. coli biofilms formed on the plastic and keratinocyte substrates. However, the efficacy of the combined PAW-antiseptic treatment and single treatments using PAW or antiseptic alone was lower for biofilms formed in the in vitro biofilm-skin epithelial cell model compared to the plastic substratum. Scavenging assays demonstrated that reactive species present within the PAW were largely responsible for its anti-biofilm activity. PAW treatment resulted in significant intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species accumulation within the E. coli biofilms, while also rapidly acting on the microbial membrane leading to outer membrane permeabilisation and depolarisation. Together, these factors contribute to significant cell death, potentiating the antibacterial effect of the assessed antiseptics.

Effectiveness of one-stage total knee arthroplasty in treatment of advanced active knee tuberculosis

To investigate the effectiveness of one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the treatment of advanced active knee tuberculosis. The clinical data of 38 patients with advanced active knee tuberculosis who received one-stage TKA between January 2011 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 males and 18 females. The age ranged from 20 to 84 years, with an average of 52.8 years. The body mass index ranged from 17 to 36 kg/m 2, with an average of 23.05 kg/m 2. The preoperative C reactive protein (CRP) was (23.49±4.72) mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was (45.95±8.82) mm/1 h. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score was 48.8±9.1. During the operation, the infected lesions of the knee joint were completely removed, and the operative area was repeatedly soaked with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and 0.5% povidone iodine solution. The intraoperative pathological examination confirmed the tuberculosis of the knee joint, and systemic anti-tuberculosis treatment was performed. The operation time, postoperative hospitalization stay, postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy time, and complications were recorded. CRP and ESR were recorded and compared before and after operation. Anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of the knee joint were taken to evaluate whether the prosthesis had signs of loosening and sinking, and to determine whether there was recurrence of tuberculosis. The knee joint function was evaluated by HSS score. With treatment failure due to any reason as the end event, the survival time of prosthesis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. All operations were successfully completed without fracture, vascular and nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis, and other complications. All incisions healed by first intention after operation. The operation time ranged from 80 to 135 minutes, with an average of 102.76 minutes; postoperative hospitalization stay was 5-16 days, with an average of 9.7 days; the duration of postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy ranged from 1 to 18 months, and the median duration was 12 months. All 38 cases were followed up 3-133 months (mean, 63.7 months). At last follow-up, CRP was (4.88±1.24) mg/L and ESR was (13.00±2.97) mm/1 h, both of which were significantly lower than those before operation ( t=20.647, P<0.001; t=20.886, P<0.001). During the follow-up, 3 patients (7.89%) had tuberculosis recurrence. Two patients had tuberculosis recurrence due to withdrawal of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy at 1 and 2 months after operation, respectively. One patient was cured after debridement, preservation of prosthesis and anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy for 12 months, and 1 patient was cured after oral administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs for 12 months. Another 1 patient had recurrent tuberculosis and mixed infection ( Corynebacterium gehreni) at 2 months after operation, and the infection was not controlled after debridement, and finally the thigh was amputated. Except for the patients with recurrent infection, no complications such as prosthesis loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and periprosthetic infection were found. At last follow-up, the HSS score of the knee joint was 86.8±4.8, and the knee joint function significantly improved when compared with that before operation ( t=-31.198, P<0.001). Prosthesis survival time was (122.57±5.77) months [95% CI (111.25, 133.88) months], and the 10-year survival rate was 92.1%. One-stage TKA combined with postoperative antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced active knee tuberculosis can achieve satisfactory infection control and joint function.

Successful Management of Fungal Keratitis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Cladosporium Species Using Povidone-Iodine.

We report a unique case of fungal keratitis, caused by the Cladosporium species, which is found to be resistant to multiple drugs, including voriconazole. Cladosporium belongs to the dematiaceous group of fungus, which is present ubiquitous in air, water, food etc. There are only few case reports available about Cladosporium keratitis which shows the successful management with voriconaozle. But in our case, the Cladosporium species was found to be resistant to multiple drugs, including voriconazole, and was successfully managed by topical povidone iodine (PVI) 5%.

Studies on Phytochemistry and Wound Healing Activity ofLeaf Extract Ointment of Clerodendrum infortunatum inCanines

The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ointments containing leaf extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum for treating wounds in canines in field cases. The 50% ethanolic and methanolic extract of the plant was subjected to preliminary phytochemistry and GC-MS analysis to assess the presence of active phytoconstituents. The wound healing was assessed with percent wound contraction on 0, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 20th day and epithelization period in 30 canines presented with a history of wound at VCC, private clinics, and dog shelters run by NGOs. The 10% w/w ointment of both the extract was used and it was compared with commercially available Povidone Iodine ointment USP 5% (Betadine®). The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, amino acids, phytosterol, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Whereas, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 21 compounds in ethanolic extract and 24 compounds in methanolic extract. The wound contraction in the methanolic extract ointment treated group was most significant and also demonstrated an epithelization period of 17.5 ± 1.210 days as compared to 22.8 ± 0.525 and 20.9 ± 0.669 in Povidone Iodine ointment and ethanolic extract ointment treated groups, respectively. The finding of the study suggests that the ointment made from the extract of Clerodenrum infortunatum leaves possesses promising wound healing activity.

Randomized controlled trial of olanexidine gluconate and povidone iodine for surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery.

Antiseptics used at surgical sites are vital to preventing surgical site infections (SSI). In this study, a comparative investigation of the novel antiseptics olanexidine gluconate (OG) and povidone-iodine (PI) was conducted to determine whether OG is more effective than PI against SSI after gastrointestinal surgery. This prospective, randomized, single-blind, interventional, single-center study was conducted between August 2018 and February 2021. Patients scheduled for large-scale gastrointestinal surgeries were randomized into two groups and administered OG (OG group) or PI (PI group) as preoperative antiseptics. The primary endpoint was the SSI occurrence rate within 30 days after surgery. In total, 525 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 256 and 254 were in the OG and PI groups, respectively. The total SSI occurrence rate in the OG group (10.8%; n = 26) and the PI group (13.0%; n = 33) was not significantly different (p = 0.335). The occurrence rate of superficial incisional SSI and organ/space SSI did not significantly differ between the groups; however, that of deep incisional SSI showed a significant difference, with 0.4% (n = 1) in the OG group and 4.3% (n = 11) in the PI group (p = 0.003). OG, as a preoperative skin antiseptic, did not reduce the occurrence rate of total SSI. However, deep incisional SSI may be reduced using OG.

Choice of topical substances in the conservative management of Exomphalos - A systematic review.

Exomphalos is a congenital anomaly found in 1/4500 newborns. Choice of non-operative management of exomphalos major unamenable to primary repair is controversial. This study aims at reviewing conservative management modalities and compare outcomes and complications. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines of all English publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Search words were exomphalos OR omphalocoele AND conservative OR non-operative AND management. Studies were scrutinised for patient demographics, co-morbidities, mode of treatment, time to full feeds, time to full epithelialisation, length of stay, complications and mortality. Studies not specifically describing mode of management and/or describing primary or staged surgical repairs were excluded. Initial search resulted in 1243 studies. Forty-two studies were deemed suitable offering 822 patients for analysis after excluding duplicates and non-eligible studies. Management methods varied including painting with Alcohol, Mercurochrome, silver products, Povidone Iodine, honey and other materials. Mortality was mostly due to associated anomalies. There was mixed reporting of alcohol, silver, Povidone Iodine and mercury toxicity as well as infection during the course of treatment. This report has recognised the variations in topical substances employed for conservative management with no clear consensus. Reports on safety of different methods remain unclear.

Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of &lt;i&gt;Vernonia amygdalina&lt;/i&gt; Extract in Diabetic Rats

Excision and incision wound models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity on Wistar albino rats by applying the topical application of a prepared ointment. The wound healing potential was assessed by measuring the rate of the epithelization period, wound contraction, wound breaking strength, and histopathological parameters reference with povidone iodine ointment as standard. Higher rate of wound contraction (****P&lt;0.0001), decrease in the period of epithelization (**P&lt;0.01) higher wound breaking strength (****P&lt;0.0001), and favorable histopathological changes were observed with the ointment containing 5% and 10% hydro-ethanolic extract of leaves. The data of this study indicated that hydro-ethanolic Vernonia amygdalina extract of leaves exhibited potent wound healing effects thus the study can be extended in future for the study of phytoconstituents which are giving the wound healing effect.

Comparison of Endophthalmitis Rates after Alcohol-Based Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine Antisepsis for Intravitreal Injections

Intravitreal injections (IVIs) are the most frequently performed intraocular procedure in Canada. Povidone-iodine (PI) is the current gold standard for antisepsis for IVI and is widely used; chlorhexidine (CH) is a possible alternative antiseptic agent. This study aims to compare rates of endophthalmitis after IVI with 0.05% chlorhexidine with a 4% alcohol base antisepsis to rates of endophthalmitis after IVI with 10% PI antisepsis. Retrospective cohort study. Eyes that received IVI between May 2019 and October 2022 at a group retina practice in Edmonton, Canada. Eyes at a single center received focal conjunctival application of either 10% PI antisepsis or 0.05% CH in 4% alcohol antisepsis for 30 seconds before each IVI. Rates of endophthalmitis between the PI and CH groups. A total of 170 952 IVIs were performed during the study period. A total of 31 135 were performed using CH prophylaxis compared with 139 817 with PI prophylaxis. Among all IVIs there were 49 total cases of endophthalmitis, 29 in the PI group (0.021%) and 20 in the CH group (0.064%). There was a statistically significant difference in the rates of endophthalmitis between the 2 groups (P < 0.001). The odds ratio for developing endophthalmitis with CH antisepsis was 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.2) compared with PI antisepsis. There were increased odds of developing endophthalmitis with aflibercept injection compared with bevacizumab (odds ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 2.09-7.24). There is a statistically significant difference in rates of endophthalmitis between alcohol-based CH and PI antisepsis for IVI in our patient population utilizing the methods discussed. In our center, alcohol-based CH is now considered a second-line antiseptic agent. Further studies are warranted to further assess the endophthalmitis rate utilizing these 2 antiseptic agents. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

SP1.8 Comparing the efficacy of povidone-iodine versus normal saline in laparotomy wound irrigation to prevent surgical site infections: A meta-analysis

Abstract Objective Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and cost to provide healthcare in patients undergoing laparotomy and abdominal surgery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of laparotomy wound irrigation either by povidone-iodine (PVI) or normal saline (NS) in patients undergoing laparotomy for various gastrointestinal operations and assess their role to reduce SSIs. Materials and methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the role of laparotomy wound irrigation with PVI versus NS in patients undergoing laparotomy for various gastrointestinal operations and assess their role to reduce the risk of SSIs were retrieved from the search of standard medical electronic databases and analysis was conducted by using the principles of meta-analysis on the statistical software RevMan version 5. Results The search of medical databases yielded 13 RCTs on 3816 patients undergoing laparotomy for various gastrointestinal operations. There were 1900 patients in the PVI group whereas 1916 patients received NS wound irrigations prior to the laparotomy skin wound closure. In the random effects model analysis, the use of PVI for laparotomy wound irrigation was associated with the reduced risk [odds ratio 0.54, 95%, CI (0.30, 0.98), Z = 2.04, P=0.04] of SSIs. However, there was significant heterogeneity (Tau2 = 70; Chi2 = 40.19, df = 12; (P = 0.0001; I2 = 70 %) among included studies. Conclusion Laparotomy wound irrigation with PVI has shown clinically proven advantage of reducing the risk of SSIs.

THE EFFECT OF POVIDONE IODINE AS AN ORAL ANTISEPTIC ON COLOR STABILITY OF DIFFERENT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of povidone iodine on the color stability of different restorative materials.&#x0D; Methods: In the study, ten discs (30 in total) of 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were prepared with compomer (Dyract Extra, Dentsply, Germany), composite (Palfique estelite paste, Tokuyama, Japan) and glass ionomer cement (R&amp;D Series Nova Glass-L, Imicryl, Konya, Turkey) materials. One surface of all samples was standardized under water with 800, 1000 and 1200 grid sandpapers, respectively. After the samples were kept in distilled water in closed containers, color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (VitaEasyshade, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany).&#x0D; 10 samples in each group were kept in 0.23% povidone iodine (Konix, Turkuaz health services, Istanbul, Turkey) for 1 minute. The surfaces of the samples were washed with distilled water to remove povidone iodine and dried with tissue paper. Color measurements of the samples were carried out with the help of spectrophotometer. Color change amounts were calculated in ΔE. The data were analyzed statistically with the Shapiro Wilk test, Anova and Post Hoc Tamhane test.&#x0D; Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the ΔE measurement averages of the samples kept in povidone iodine according to the materials used (p

Acute Oral Toxicity, Haematobiochemical Parameters and Histopathological Evaluation of Povidone Iodine in Mice

Povidone-iodine is a synthetically produced topical antiseptic with a broad antimicrobial spectrum indicated for both treatment and prevention. Polidine® (a synthetic povidone-iodine solution) however, is being used by poultry farmers and some animal health practitioners with claims that it is effective against infectious bursal disease (IBD) when administered orally. And recently, research studies have shown that povidone-iodine mouthwashes, throat sprays, nasal sprays and eye drops prevent the replication and or viral loads of SARSCoV-2. Thus, this study established a safety profile of povidone-iodine. Ten adult mice were randomly assigned into 2 groups, each containing 5 mice. One of the two groups was treated with povidone-iodine orally, at a limit dose of 2,000mg/kg BW while the other group served as normal control. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Also, liver and kidney were harvested for both gross and histopathological examinations. Result showed the median lethal dose (LD50) of povidone-iodine was found to be &gt;2,000mg/kg BW. Significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) of total white blood cells, monocytopaenia and increased band cells were observed in the treated group when compared to the control on haematology. However, serum biochemistry revealed significant increase (p &lt; 0.01) of Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and Blood urea nitrogen. On histopathology, no remarkable changes in the group treated with povidone iodine were observed when compared to the control. In conclusion, this study has showed the relative safety of povidone iodine at limit dose (2,000 mg/kg BW) in mice

Impact of converting from povidone iodine to chlorhexidine gluconate for vaginal preparation prior to hysterectomy

While vaginal preparation prior to hysterectomies to reduce the risk of contamination by vaginal flora is standard, there is no consensus on the appropriate choice of antisepsis agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the conversion from povidone-iodine (PI) to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) would reduce surgical site infection (SSI) rates and improve standardized infection ratios (SIR). A quality improvement process was implemented to educate all providers, trainees, and staff followed by wide-spread conversion to CHG vaginal preparation prior to all hysterectomies starting on June 1, 2021. The SSI rates and SIRs were compared between the preintervention and postintervention periods. There was no significant change in SSI rate or SIR from the preintervention to the postintervention period, indicating that CHG is noninferior to PI. The SSI rate was 1.53% preintervention compared to 1.57% post, and the SIR was 1.976 and 2.049, respectively. While our data suggests that the conversion from PI to CHG for vaginal prep alone is insufficient to reduce SSI rates and SIRs, it is noninferior and should be considered as part of a larger preventative bundle.