Poverty Reduction Issues Research Articles

Long Distance Bus Transport Nexus LOCAL Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa: Emphasis on Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This article presents long distance bus transport nexus local economic development and poverty reduction issues in Africa, and it has focused on the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The methodology was focused more on both primary and secondary sources. The primary informants were principally distinguished from the Passengers, the operators, and the key government officials such as the Transport Office including the head of bus terminal, head of Bus Associations, and selected experts in the sector. In terms of analysis, the qualitative approach was done by using a thick description. The finding revealed that on average, over thirty major towns have a direct link with the center and poverty reduction. The sector has also shown inalienable and inseparable with both poverty reduction and local economic development. Thus, it can create good grounds for urban growth by upgrading the existing towns, and it is also opening the doors for emerging new towns. It has been a unique contribution and creates various work opportunities for both literate and illiterate peoples and it also has an impact for poverty reduction and local economic development. The reduction of poverty and local and regional development is unattainable without a proper policy framework for all passenger transport in general and LDB in particular of government.

Can technological innovations contribute to more overcome the issue of poverty reduction in africa?

Although recent years have shown that innovation can also thrive in economies where the challenges of absolute poverty and inequality remain long-standing problems, the effects of innovation on poverty reduction has remained a largely unexplored field of investigation. . So this study assesses the effect of technological innovations on poverty reduction using a panel of 36 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2008 to 2019. More specifically, the study examines the influence of technological innovation on poverty reduction. Using the principal component analysis (PCA) we constructed an indicator of the use, adoption and adaptation of technological innovations and that of multidimensional poverty. After applying several estimation techniques for panel data such as fixed effects, Driscoll and Kraay, kiviet (2020), Lewbel two stage least square (Lewbel 2SLS), mediating effects, the results shows that technological innovations significantly reduce poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Our results survive several robustness checks. Taking into account the level of urbanization, it appears that technological innovations reduce poverty in countries with low urbanisation rates and increase it in countries with high urbanization rates. Finally, the analysis of mediation effects suggests that almost 30 % of the total effect of the use, adoption and adaptation of technological innovations on multidimensional poverty reduction is through the improvement of productivity in the industrial sector while 62.5 % is through the productivity of the agricultural sector. These results imply that poverty reduction policies in sub-Saharan Africa need to refocus on capacity building in the use, adoption and adaptation of technological innovations, particularly in the agricultural and industrial sectors.

MULTI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IDENTIFICATION AND EVOLUTION ANALYSIS IN HEBEI PROVINCE BASED ON NIGHTTIME LIGHT REMOTE SENSING DATA

Abstract. This paper explores the use of spatiotemporal geographic information and advanced technology to effectively address the issue of poverty reduction and development. The focus is on Hebei Province, where multi-dimensional poverty identification and spatiotemporal evolution analysis are conducted using nighttime light remote sensing data. The study establishes a Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) system based on the regional average nighttime light index (ANLI) extracted from data spanning 2010, 2014, and 2018. A coupled regression model confirms the correlation between MPI and ANLI. Visualization and analysis are performed using GIS technology, Moran's I, and Getis's G* to interpret the identification results. From the experimental results, MPI established in this paper fits well with ANLI, which can be used for poverty identification and monitoring. The established multi-dimensional poverty model can identify multi-dimensional poverty counties better. However, there is a large discrepancy in the match with the traditional list of poor counties issued by the state from the perspective of absolute economic poverty. From the perspective of spatiotemporal evolution, it can be seen that the overall poverty level in Hebei Province has changed with time. Although there is aggregation among poverty areas, the aggregation is not deep. The poverty level of the traditional national-level poor counties has also been reduced, but the pattern of poverty aggregation remains unchanged. The "C-shaped" poverty belt around Beijing formed by Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Baoding and other surrounding counties in northern Hebei Province is still the focus of poverty alleviation work in the next stage.

Examining Multilevel Poverty-Causing Factors in Poor Villages: a Hierarchical Spatial Regression Model

The examination of poverty-causing factors and their mechanisms of action in poverty-stricken villages is an important topic associated with poverty reduction issues. Although the individual or background effects of multilevel influencing factors have been considered in some previous studies, the spatial effects of these factors are rarely involved. By considering nested geographic and administrative features and integrating the detection of individual, background, and spatial effects, a bilevel hierarchical spatial linear model (HSLM) is established in this study to identify the multilevel significant factors that cause poverty in poor villages, as well as the mechanisms through which these factors contribute to poverty at both the village and county levels. An experimental test in the region of the Wuling Mountains in central China revealed the following findings. (1) There were significant background and spatial effects in the study area. Moreover, 48.28% of the overall difference in poverty incidence in poor villages resulted from individual effects at the village level. Additionally, 51.72% of the overall difference resulted from background effects at the county level. (2) Poverty-causing factors were observed at different levels, and these factors featured different action mechanisms. Village-level factors accounted for 14.29% of the overall difference in poverty incidence, and there were five significant village-level factors. (3) The hierarchical spatial regression model was found to be superior to the hierarchical linear model in terms of goodness of fit. This study offers technical support and policy guidance for village-level regional development.

Erratum: Economic growth, distribution policy and other factors: key elements in poverty alleviation

Poverty, as a universal problem, has been widely concerned by scholars all over the world. This essay argues how economic growth, distribution policy and other factors affect poverty reduction issues. Firstly, this article will briefly introduce the context of the poverty issue and how economic growth influences poverty reduction. Secondly, two exceptional cases and three non-economic factors will be analyzed to test whether distribution policy and other factors can also influence or dismiss poverty. Finally, this article will conclude that rapid economic growth is good for poverty alleviation but not all the needs. The distribution policies and other non-economic factors may also influence the link between economic growth and poverty reduction.

Economic growth, distribution policy and other factors: key elements in poverty alleviation

Poverty, as a universal problem, has been widely concerned by scholars all over the world. This essay argues how economic growth, distribution policy and other factors affect poverty reduction issues. Firstly, this article will briefly introduce the context of the poverty issue and how economic growth influences poverty reduction. Secondly, two exceptional cases and three non-economic factors will be analyzed to test whether distribution policy and other factors can also influence or dismiss poverty. Finally, this article will conclude that rapid economic growth is good for poverty alleviation but not all the needs. The distribution policies and other non-economic factors may also influence the link between economic growth and poverty reduction.

Trends and Contribution of Savings of Different Types of Institutions towards Gross Domestic Product in India During the Post-reforms Era

Accessibility to financial services is viewed as a vital determinant of economic and social development of any nation, particularly in a low income country like India. The availability of financial services and financial products is expected to permit household sector to be able to align income and expenditure pattern across time, to ensure themselves against income and expenditure shocks. Access to financial services increases the ability of individuals and households to have access to basic services like education and health simultaneously addressing the issues of poverty reduction. Domestic savings on the other hand play a critical role in financing the development of any economy by providing necessary resources for investment, boosting financial markets and stimulating the economic growth. Mobilization of savings from the household sector can have a significant impact on the growth by increasing the investment, productivity and enhancing the quality of human capital. However, household savings have been increasing consistently during the post reform period; the financial savings are grown at a less pace when compared to physical savings of the household sector. There are varied reasons for the slow growth of financial savings of the household sector, they are lack of accessibility to the financial services, lack of awareness, regulatory agencies stringent guidelines, low incomes of the households, high vulnerability of financial markets etc., are some of the reasons.

Corporate social responsibility as a drive to community development and poverty reduction: A stakeholder approach to development in Zimbabwe

Background: The emergence of a ‘Southern’ discourse of corporate social responsibility (CSR) highlight the crucial issues of poverty reduction, infrastructure development and the broader questions of social provisioning and community development. Aim: This study builds on existing knowledge to reveal how CSR has become a drive or aid in the community development discourse and poverty reduction mechanisms. This was done through the analysis of major CSR projects by Zimplats mining company. Setting: The study was carried out in Mhondoro-Ngezi, Zimbabwe, which is in a rural setting. Method: The study employed a triangulated design, with data collected using a mini-survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews. Results: The key findings are that the fundamental roles of CSR have been to link it to addressing under-development and poverty reduction issues in developing countries. Conclusion: Through distributional CSR activities, the mining company was able to address the health, educational, employment and water needs of the local people.

Urban Poverty Reduction: A review of literature

In the recent years, an extensive body of literature has emerged on the definition, measurement and analyzing of urban poverty. This paper provides a meaning and understanding for the term urban poverty and explores the concept of urban poverty, vulnerability, and urban poverty dynamics that underpin this meaning. It reviews "who" is poor and "why" they stay poor and what is known out there about policies in reducing urban poverty. Specific conclusions regarding towards the conceptual framework of urban poverty reduction issues are discussed. With the resources and literatures available today, however, there is no excuse for hundreds of millions still living in urban poverty around the world.

Rural Tourism in India-A Glance

India is famous worldwide as a popular tourist destination with its rich cultural heritage, historical monuments and abundance natural resources. The tourism industry in India has emerged as one of the major economic drivers for growth, contributing substantially to foreign exchange earnings. Tourism is one of the leading global industries contributing 11 percent of global GDP. The world Tourism organization estimates that there will be 1.5 billion tourists in the world in 2020, representing 21 per cent of world population. The World Tourism organization further notes that within the next 5 - 10 years, range of products on offer to tourists seeking the rural experience is to increase significantly. There is a clear trend in growth of rural tourism. India's vast, rural diversity and heritage offer tremendous potential for tourism in rural areas. Rural tourism in India is envisioned to generate employment opportunities, sustainable livelihood for the local community by addressing the issues of poverty reduction and developing a vibrant local economy by revival and regeneration of the old art and crafts and preservation of the rural India culture. This paper is an attempt to have a glance on the rural tourism services in India.

Environmental Journalism as a Management Tool for Poverty Reduction: Considerations on Albanian Current Developments

The paper is conceived on an empirical study explaining the relationship between different actors dealing with environmental and poverty reduction issues, such as journalists, NGOs as well as educational institutions, aiming to raise the public awareness and participation while proposing concrete policies for improvement. Interviews and surveys have been conducted to better understand if the link between the environmental communicators and the civil society is actually at the level of efficiency it should to bring the significant change they are expected to. As current developments stress the linking environmental concerns with poverty reduction measures for sustainability, the study answers questions on the level of knowledge and training journalists gain since during their higher education as well as through common environmental focused activities with local environmental NGOs. Conclusions raise problems about lack of proper specialization of journalists, and the need for a better cooperation between different stakeholders in order to achieve sustainability and concrete results. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p187

An ethical analysis of the implementation of poverty reduction policies in South Africa and Chile and their implications for the Church

The focus of this contribution is the issue of poverty reduction within the South African and Chilean contexts. It is rooted in the academic field of Christian Ethics and also draws on several texts from the human and economic sciences. Policies adopted and practical steps taken to overcome poverty by the respective governments between 1990 and 2012 are evaluated and the theological and practical implications of poverty for the church are briefly highlighted. Despite differences between these two countries, South Africans can learn much from the Chilean policy and its implementation.

Economic Independence Of The Village Through Institutional Village Enterprises (BUMDes)

Rural development in developing countries, including Indonesia, will certainly relate to the issue of poverty reduction. One instance of the problem of poverty is rural economic governance institutions. In the perspective of the economic independence of the rural economy is an alternative institutional rational choice and unique , given the village often seen as a small, weak and underdeveloped. Therefore, to change the thoughts and views of the importance of a village in the emic perspective to try to strengthen economic institutions through village-owned enterprises (BUMDes). This study aims to explain the phenomena of the institutional. BUMDes the main issues of governance, BUMDes as actors or institutions (organizations) in order to continue to grow the economy This study used a qualitative approach through the method of phenomenology, the locus of the suburban rural areas in Malang, East Java Province, Ketindan village and Wonorejo village, District of Lawang, and Gondowangi village, District of Wagir. Background for the site selection studies have established institution with its main business BUMDes on water management in order to meet the needs of the villagers. The results of this research in theoretical and empirical perspectives (emic), shows that : (1). Institutional BUMDes refers to the maximization of utility as the goal, the maximization of profit (profit maximization), (2). The community of BUMDes Institutions are more likely to prioritize rationality villagers as a group, with social capital as the basis of individual interests and preferences; (3). BUMDes organizational structure that is outside the village government structures are not always stable and efficient in providing services to villagers., And (4). Villagers are assigned as officers and employees BUMDes more motivation and orientation based on the non-material, namely a sense of respect and appreciation socially and politically than economically. BUMDes institutions to put forward the goal of maximizing the usefulness of water for the fulfillment of (welfare) villagers, rather than maximizing profit for increased revenue village (PADes). BUMDes governance implementation based on the perspectives, preferences, and commodities are produced according to the

Conceptual Framework of Urban Poverty Reduction: A Review of Literature

In the recent years, an extensive body of literature has emerged on the definition, measurement and analyzing of urban poverty. This paper provides a meaning and understanding for the term urban poverty and explores the concept of urban poverty, vulnerability, and urban poverty dynamics that underpin this meaning. It reviews ‘who’ is poor and ‘why’ they stay poor and what is known out there about policies in reducing urban poverty. Specific conclusions regarding towards the conceptual framework of urban poverty reduction issues are discussed. With the resources and literatures available today, however, there is no excuse for hundreds of millions still living in urban poverty around the world.

Electricity Investment: An Evaluation of the New British Energy Policy and its Implications for the European Union

Traditionally, the electricity market has been characterized by vertically integrated monopolies due to the special features of this commodity, such as non-storability in the longer term, the physical laws requiring instant equation of supply and demand and the need for a complex and integrated network, controlled by a system operator. Despite these features, however, a wave of reforms promoting competition has been initiated in most markets, including the US and Europe, accompanied by regulation. In this paper we offer an overview of the current electricity policy debate taking place in the UK, which may pose the basis for a rethinking of the dominant policy paradigm. We review the technological and economic features of electricity markets, focusing on the rationales underlying the reforms put in place in the European Union and highlighting the impacts and potentially problematic consequences of liberalization in terms of investment and infrastructure, related to overarching economic, social and policy goals, focusing on the implications of environmental and climate-change mitigation policies as well as poverty reduction issues. The paper analyses the possible consequences, in terms of reforms and regulation of the electricity industry, of these new goals, suggesting that they may be relevant for the electricity industry in the EU.

Poverty Reduction and the New Global Governmentality

Are international organizations using the issue of poverty reduction as a new way to approach global governmentality? This article recognizes that serious problems are involved in so approaching the idea of global governmentality, given the lack of success these strategies have. It is suggested here that such strategies operate not to improve the condition of populations but as a means for regulating states and their governments. Once states, not populations, are recognized as the main targets, it can be seen that features of governmentality are working from a distance to responsibilize state conduct through ownership, partnership, and continuous monitoring. KEYWORDS: governmentality, Foucault, poverty, PRSP, World Bank

Integrated River Basin Management Through Decentralization

In international circles, advocacy of integrated water resource management is often based on the Dublin Principles of the 1992 International Conference on Water and the Environment. Those principles include (1) the understanding that freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource, (2) a participatory approach to water management, (3) an emphasis on the role of women in water management, and (4) the recognition of water as an economic good. In 2000, the Global Water Partnership (GWP) developed an interpretative understanding of the Dublin Principles. The GWP described the participatory approach as (1) real participation, (2) participation as more than consultation, (3) achieving consensus, (4) creating participatory mechanisms and capacity, and (5) involvement and decisions at the lowest appropriate level. Advocacy of increased participation and local decision making stems from observance of a history of centralized decision making and inadequate attention to local needs and resources, which have resulted in ineffective water management and water use.The practice of advocating the development of integrated and local participation at the river basin level has progressed without a determination of whether this model is working. The World Bank, in conjunction with partners, set out to chronicle the decentralization and local participation model. Integrated River Basin Management Through Decentralization documents the research and findings—the most comprehensive examination of this topic to date. The study, moreover, contributes to understanding three critical development and poverty reduction issues: (1) water management, (2) the links between sustainable natural resources management and infrastructure, and (3) participatory decision making. The first three chapters in this 12‐chapter book provide an overview, a summary of the comparative analysis of eight case studies, and a summary of determinants of decentralized water management. The next eight chapters address the eight case studies. Each of the case study chapters is presented in the same format, facilitating readability and comparisons across river basins. The concluding chapter sums up major findings and identifies further areas of research. The book is edited and in part written by three recognized experts in institutional development and water management. They are joined by local experts who possess good working knowledge and experience in the basins that form the case studies.

Good governance and security: The limits of Australia's new aid programme

This article analyses the Australian Agency for International Development's (AusAID) approach to overseas development assistance (ODA) through an examination of AusAID's recent White Paper. The White Paper focuses on the nexus between poverty reduction and security in the Asia-Pacific region. We argue that the Paper's emphasis upon good governance as the key to poverty reduction and security is fundamentally flawed. This stems from the particular ideological and political conditions in which the Paper materialised. In focusing on good governance and security the Paper neglects more fundamental poverty reduction issues, while promoting policies that are difficult to implement and, when implemented, have highly problematic outcomes. This article examines the Australian-led intervention in Solomon Islands and the Australian aid programme in Indonesia as examples for the shortcomings of the approach articulated in the White Paper. We conclude by examining alternative development policies that move beyond the neo-liberal orthodoxy endorsed by AusAID.

Introduction to management accounting in less developed countries

PurposeThis paper seeks to introduce, summarise, and reflect on the key themes and findings raised by the seven papers selected for this special issue devoted to management accounting in less developed countries (LDCs).Design/methodology/approachThe conclusions are drawn from desk research generally and the articles contained in this collection.FindingsThis paper finds that accounting research in LDCs needs to address issues of poverty reduction, corruption, community involvement, history, culture, and politics, and examine a wider spectrum of organisations ranging from households to non‐governmental organisations.Practical implicationsEffective management accounting in LDCs may require broader, simpler, open and transparent, sometimes informal systems developed locally.Originality/valueThis paper presents a collection of mainly empirical papers on an important but neglected topic, namely how management accounting might aid economic development in poor countries.

Urban governance and multilateral aid organizations: The case of informal water supply systems

This paper explores the different urban governance models proposed by multilateral aid organizations in accessing water through informal supply systems, to assess the rationale and the guiding principles at the basis of their different ‘governance approaches’. There can be no doubt that most developing countries are now experiencing a rapid and unprecedented urban growth, which is bringing about a rising demand for urban services, especially those concerning water supply. To cope with this pressing issue, the response of multilateral aid organizations—such as the World Bank, UN-HABITAT and the European Union––has been represented by the design and implementation of different urban governance and management systems, called to support an equitable and efficient access to urban water supply services. This paper focuses on the different urban governance approaches through which multilateral donors support informal networks and small scale providers to provide water supply in cities of developing countries. It highlights how these different urban governance approaches address the overall issues of poverty reduction whilst in reality, in certain cases, they also aim to affect and regulate domestic public policies of Third World countries. In particular, it argues that the governance model proposed––and imposed––by the World Bank continues to belong to a neo-liberal policy agenda, which considers water and urban services as commodities to be managed through widespread competition and market mechanisms. On the contrary, UN-HABITAT, and the European Union to a certain extent, highlight the need for an urban governance system that promotes the ownership of development strategies by local communities and that rests on the principles of inclusiveness and equity.