Rate Of Poverty Reduction Research Articles

Analysis Of Allocation Of Village Funds Through The Establishment Of Village Owned Enterprises (Bumdes) (Case Study On Bumdes Paya Tungel In Jagong Jeget District)

This study aims to analyze the allocation of village funds in supporting the development and empowerment of MSMEs through the establishment of BUMDes in Paya Tungel Village and identify the impact of allocating village funds through BUMDes on the development and empowerment of MSMEs in Paya Tungel Village. Paya Tungel Village, as a village in Central Aceh, has formed a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in managing village funds with considerable potential for natural and human resources. BUMDes play an important role in improving the welfare of the local economy. By managing economic businesses based on local potential and resources, BUMDes create jobs, increase income, and reduce poverty rates in the village. By building a local-based economy, village communities become more economically independent. BUMDes can assist in developing local businesses, support farmers and small entrepreneurs, and take advantage of existing market opportunities to increase income and employment in the village. By focusing on local-based economic development, villages have a greater chance of achieving long-term economic sustainability. BUMDes can design programs that prioritize environmental protection and maintain a balance between economic growth and natural resource preservation.

Economic Growth, Income Inequality, Government Integrity, and Spending towards SDG 1 on Poverty Eradication: An Empirical Study from Twenty Muslim-Majority Countries

The objective of the study is to experimentally investigate the link between economic development, wealth disparity, governmental integrity, and spending on eradicating poverty, in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1, in twenty Muslim-majority countries. This study employs pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects in its static panel data model analysis. According to empirical research, government expenditure, government spending integrity, and economic growth all significantly affect the rate of poverty reduction. Additionally, inequality of income contributes to rising poverty in nations with Muslim majorities. This study supports the notion that governments promote increasing per capita income in order to achieve economic growth, even though population growth has no bearing on the eradication of poverty. In fact, the two most crucial policy recommendations for the government are to carry out its duties as a government of integrity and distribute funds to sectors necessary for economic and social development, such as infrastructure, health, and education. To ensure fair economic distribution in Muslim communities, governments must also maximize the capacity of Islamic social funds such as zakat and waqf.

The Impact of Economic Conditions on Social Assistance Programs and Poverty Alleviation

Poverty remains a pervasive global challenge, necessitating effective policy interventions to uplift vulnerable populations. This research delves into the dynamic relationship between social assistance programs and poverty alleviation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we investigate the impact of these programs on poverty rates, program effectiveness variations, demographic disparities, and the interplay with economic conditions. Our findings offer compelling insights. Firstly, social assistance programs exhibit a statistically significant reduction in poverty rates among beneficiaries, confirming their vital role in poverty alleviation. Moreover, variations in program effectiveness emerge, with cash transfer programs demonstrating immediate impact compared to in-kind assistance programs. Demographic differences further shape program outcomes, as programs targeting children and single-parent households exhibit pronounced effects on poverty reduction. Economic conditions also matter, as these programs prove more effective during periods of robust economic growth, serving as vital safety nets during economic downturns. Conditional social assistance programs demonstrate promise by incentivizing positive behaviors such as education enrollment and healthcare utilization. These findings hold significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for evidence-based program design and implementation. This research concludes with a call for comprehensive approaches to poverty alleviation, considering demographic variations, economic contexts, and the potential benefits of conditional programs. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation are pivotal in adapting programs to evolving circumstances, thus contributing to a more equitable and prosperous society.

Poverty in Europe: How long‐term poverty developed following the financial crisis and what drives it

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the development of the long‐term relative poverty rate in Europe. We use European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data (EU‐SILC) for 26 European countries between 2009 and 2018. In addition to describing the development of long‐term poverty, we also analyse the drivers of poverty on the country level via fixed effects panel regression analysis. We are particularly interested in how economic growth, employment rates, social expenditure, and short‐term poverty rates are related to long‐term poverty. Overall, the results show that long‐term poverty has increased in 13 out of 26 countries, but was unchanged or decreased in 13 countries. Gross domestic product growth is not related to the development of long‐term poverty. However, we find that male employment and social welfare expenditure reduce poverty rates. Furthermore, short‐term poverty is negatively associated with long‐term poverty. Hence, short‐term poverty and long‐term poverty rather substitute than complement each other.

Employee Skills on Performance of Manufacturing Industries in Kenya: A Case of Bidco Africa

The Kenyan government has identified manufacturing as a key pillar for economic growth, aiming to achieve sustainable consumption, increased production patterns, and industrialization as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By focusing on this sector, Kenya aims to achieve its vision of industrialization by 2030, creating job opportunities and reducing poverty rates. Manufacturing is one of the Big Four Agendas for the government to improve the nation economically. Employee skills are crucial for achieving competitive advantage and producing quality products, as outlined in SDG 9. However, many manufacturing industries in Kenya lack these skills, affecting their performance. This study aimed to assess the influence of employee skills on the performance of Bidco Africa manufacturing industries in Kenya, using a descriptive research design and a quantitative research approach. The study included 171 employees from five departments in Thika, selected through stratified sampling and simple random sampling. The findings suggest that employee skills significantly influence the performance of the manufacturing industry. These findings will help stakeholders in the industry formulate and implement strategies to boost business performance. The study recommends regular skill updates to make employees adaptable and flexible in this dynamic environment. Keywords: Employee, Skills, Performance, Manufacturing and Industry

FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN EGYPT BETWEEN OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

In Egypt, the Central Bank of Egypt is working to launch a new phase of financial technology, as one of the pillars of promotion of economic reform, and an effective and supportive mechanism for integrating the informal economy for individuals and institutions within the structure of the official economy of the state, and a way to Reality to raise and improve the standard of living and reduce poverty rates by containing certain segments of society from the marginalized, low-income and owners of small, medium and micro enterprises. The methodologies used explain the current state of financial inclusion and financial technology in Egypt, as well as the development of a law regulating and developing the use of financial technologies in non-banking financial activities in order to develop a mechanism for integrating the informal economy. The findings showed that enhancing the efficiency of the financial system and the effectiveness of monetary policy, are reflected in terms of financial stability which is considered one of the pillars of growth and transformation of the digital economy.

Faktor Keberhasilan Program Kelompok Usaha Bersama

The Joint Business Group (KUBE) is a business group assisted by the Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs which was formed from several assisted families to run Productive Economic Businesses and Social Welfare Businesses in the context of business independence, improving community welfare. With this group, it is hoped that the welfare of its members can increase. This study aims to analyze the factors that determine the success of the Joint Business Group (KUBE) program in Sambit Regency. The research sample was determined by purposive sampling with the consideration that KUBE meets the requirements to be sampled, namely KUBE which is still active. The methodology in this study uses quantitative research with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This study examines each variable by testing the hypothesis and the coefficient of determination. The results showed that the determining factors for the success of KUBE in the form of venture capital, experience in entrepreneurship and the role of mentors had a significant effect on the success of the KUBE program. The success of KUBE will make a major contribution to the government in achieving the absolute poverty rate reduction target.

Entrepreneurship Education, Managing Unemployment and Poverty Alleviation in 21st Century

This paper examined the courses of unemployment in Nigeria with a view to proffering practical solution to it so as to reduce poverty rate. Secondary data gathered from various sources such as: CBN reports et cetera covering the period between 1970 to 2014 were used. It employed the regression analysis as the analytical method E-views version 9 and found out that a percentage increase in population growth will increase unemployment by 4.94%. Also the study found a positive relationship between government educational expenditure and unemployment rate in Nigeria and lastly, the result showed there is a positive relationship between gross capital formation and unemployment rate in Nigeria. It concluded by recommending that development of entrepreneurial skills and initiatives through entrepreneurship and training should be of paramount importance especially in the higher education sector so as to facilitate the employability and creativity of graduates who will derivatively contribute wealth of the nation not only as job seekers, but also job creators.

Impact of Migration and Remittances on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Remittance flows have the potential to greatly improve the livelihoods of receiving households by smoothing their consumption and enabling investments back home. They can facilitate economic stability, improve creditworthiness, and attract investments to promote economic growth and reduce poverty rates for recipient nations. From World Bank Statistics, Nigeria was 8th on the list of top remittances from low and middle-income countries. The study has undertaken the investigation of a relationship between economic growth and remittance. The economic growth variable used in this study is proxy by GDP while explanatory variables are remittance, trade openness, foreign direct investment, government expenditure, capital formation. The study also investigated the causality among the variables used in the study. Using The ARDL estimation technique owing to the stationarity of all the variables at both level, first differencing and void of second difference series, the result of this analysis confirmed the presence of long run convergence among the variables under consideration. The short run result was presented was evident that remittance has a positive and statistically impact on economic growth under the period of study. However the result shows that there is presence of a long run convergence among the selected variables and the respective dependent variables. This suggests that there is a presence of long run relationship among the variables in consideration. Having confirmed the presence of long run convergence among the variables under consideration, the short run result was presented above which is evident that remittance have a positive and statistically impact on economic growth under the period of study. The long run estimates reveal that government spending has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Moreover, it was deduced from the regression result conducted that trade openness and foreign direct investment has a positive impact on economic growth under the period of study. There was found a uni direction between the two variables. It is revealed that remittances does not cause changes in economic growth under the period of study. This was further supported by the regression result of positive relationship between government spending and economic growth under the period of study. It was therefore recommended that the Nigerian government should budget and expend more resources on productive sector of the economy especially on infrastructure which would attract the right Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the country and boost more growth. Also, the Nigerian government should set up a body to review the spending and allocation of remittances into the country and an independent commission be set up by the federal government to be saddled with the responsibility of coordinating and harnessing remittance flows into the country.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influential Factors of Rural Poverty in Poverty-Stricken Areas of Guizhou Province: Implications for Consolidating the Achievements of Poverty Alleviation

China has made remarkable reductions in absolute poverty. However, pressing questions remain of how to consolidate the existing achievements of poverty alleviation and prevent rural households from regressing back into poverty, especially in continuously poverty-stricken areas. This paper explores the spatiotemporal evolution of rural poverty and its influential factors under different poverty standards in three continuously poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou Province using 2003–2017 panel data and the spatiotemporal analysis method. The results show that decreasing poverty is an apparent spatial heterogeneity and there are area differences in the different research periods. The degrees of the average annual poverty reductions of all research counties were between 2.98–10.09%, 10.60–26.96%, and 11.46–43.19% in 2003–2007, 2008–2010, and 2011–2017, respectively; the poverty-stricken counties with high rates of poverty reduction are often adjacent to the nonpoverty-stricken counties. Influential factors vary in different areas over time, which is the result of the combination of leading influential factors (economy) and various influencing factors (natural location, social development, and education/labor) with regional characteristics. Although the effect of natural location on rural poverty in the research area is decreasing, its impact should not be ignored. Considering the complexity of poverty’s influential factors and the dependence on poverty alleviation policies, it’s essential for China to continue to strengthen its targeting of poverty in the continuously poverty-stricken areas, especially the counties in the inner areas. Devoting to building the coordination of regional development and ecological environment protection is an important way to achieve sustainable development goals with higher quality in the continuously poverty-stricken areas.

Effectiveness of Regional Government Expenditure in Reducing Unemployment and Poverty Rate

Poverty rate in Indonesia is currently relatively high that requires real action from the government to reduce it. The government efforts to reduce the poverty rate are reflected in the government expenditure. This research reveals the regional government expenditure effectiveness in reducing poverty and unemployment rate in South Sulawesi Province. Data used in the research are panel data, which is a combination of cross-section data of 24 regencies and city and time series data in 2009-2018. The data will be analyzed using econometric models with simultaneous equation system. The research finds that private investment has a significant influence in reducing poverty rate, whereas capital expenditure has a significant influence in increasing private investment. Moreover, investment has a significant influence in improving gross regional domestic product in industrial sector as well as other sectors. Population has a positive influence in improving poverty rate indicating that regional government should support the planned family policy. The result of policy simulation indicates that an increase in capital expenditure, total government expenditure, and goods and services expenditure by the regional government, brings positive impact on economic growth and poverty reduction.

Efektivitas Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan: Studi di Nagari Sungai Pinang

Poverty is a very complicated problem to solve, even though there have been many poverty alleviation programs that have been intensified by the goverment. Both form the Soeharto era to the current era of Joko Widodo administration. The program is either empowerment or charity. However , property alleviation programs cannot reduce poverty rates, one of which is in Nagari Sungai Pinang where the poverty rate has increased. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs in Nagari Sungai Pinang. This research analysis tool uses the theory of community empowerment according to Jim Ife. The research methodology use a qualitative approach and observation methods, in-depth interviews, documentation studies ang Focus Group Discussions(FGD). This study shows that the poverty alleviation program in Nagari Sungai Pinang cannot be said to be effective. Either the program is empowering or Charity. This is because there is no proper management and group responbility for each of these aids.

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Native Chicken Farm Growth With The Mediating Role of Poultry Production Systems

Growth among native chickens farming is eminent to accelerate the rate of poverty reduction and improve food security and nutrition by increasing the consumption of meat and eggs as a source of high-quality protein. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been widely used as a strategic approach for enhancing farm growth through various innovations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of EO and poultry production systems on the growth of native chickens and to find out how the mediating role of poultry production systems on the effect of EO on the growth of native chicken farms. This study used a quantitative study focused on direct observation and structured interviews. A probability with a simple random sampling procedure was used for collecting the data from 196 native chicken farmers across Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, through a questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that EO and poultry production systems positively and significantly affected native chicken farm growth. However, the contribution of the effect of EO on the native chicken farm growth was lower (5.77%). After adopting the model's poultry production systems as a moderating variable, the effect's contribution increased to 16.57%. Based on the study findings, the study concluded that the adopted poultry production systems practices serve as a moderating variable that contributes mainly to the effect of EO on native chicken farm growth. Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation, poultry production system, native chicken, farm growth, mediating variable

베트남 농촌소득의 성장과 수렴현상 분석

We investigated the growth and convergence in Vietnamese rural income using the household survey data, VHLSS of the years, 2004 and 2018. The regional convergences in the district level income sources were estimated and tested. We found that real agricultural income, off-farm income, and the whole farm income all increased and converged, but the convergence rate in off-farm income was much higher than that in agricultural income. The convergence in income implies that an overall increase in rural income in Vietnam will contribute to reducing poverty rate. We also found that the geographic characteristics are the main determinants of agricultural income growth rates. On the other hand, ethnic minorities and people living in poverty have difficulties in developing off-farm income sources despite the convergence tendency of off-farm income.

Does Fiscal Decentralization Affect Poverty? An Empirical Study

The Poverty percentage in Central Java ranked two throughout Java Island after DI Yogyakarta Province. It surely causes gaps and inequality between regions in Central Java Province. This study attempted to analyze the effects of fiscal decentralization, fiscal balance fund, and economic growth on the poverty in 35 regencies/ cities in Central Java Province within 2016-2020. By using a quantitative approach, this study used a panel analysis with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method. Based on the results of panel data regression analysis results, fiscal decentralization and fiscal balance fund had no relationship with the poverty in Central Java. On the other hand, economic growth had positive and significant effects. High economic growth will reduce poverty rate when the economic activities carried out are padat karya which aims at absorbing workforce. High workforce absorption will reduce the poverty rate.

Impacts of Productive Safety Net Program on Households ‘Calorie Intake per Adult Equivalent, Expenditure and Livestock Asset Holding; Empirical evidence from Eastern Ethiopia

Chronic food insecurity is one of the main problems, which affected millions of Ethiopians for centuries. To solve the food insecurity problem and move away from the previous system of annual emergency appeals, the Ethiopian government in collaboration with development partners launched social protection program called productive safety net program. This study evaluated the impacts of productive safety net program on household poverty alleviation, by measuring the wellbeing of rural households using outcome indicators of the program i.e. calorie intake, consumption expenditure and livestock asset using cross-sectional survey data collected from 200 households in ECC-SDCOH facilitated kebeles of productive safety net program in eastern Ethiopia. Multistage stage sampling technique was used to randomly select representative household heads. Both primary and secondary data were analyzed using descriptive and econometric statistics. Applying a propensity score matching technique, the study found that the program has significantly increased participating households’ calorie intake by 30% (i.e., 856 calories), the consumption expenditure by 2.84% and livestock asset by 40% compared to that of non-participating households. The results of the logit model also indicated that program participation is significantly influenced by family size, education, marital status, dependency ratio, size of land holding and credit use. Therefore, to reduce poverty level of the country, due attention has to be given by the program to reducing gender disparity in poverty and sustained effort is needed to government-administered productive safety net program districts to accelerate the rate of poverty reduction. And the program should consider roles of significant variables in the selection of participant households for the desired impact under related locations.

The Effect of Education and Unemployment Rate on Poverty Rate of 4 Cities in North Sulawesi

Through this research, the factors that impact the poverty rate of 4 cities in North Sulawesi, which are education and unemployment rate, were analyzed out. Secondary data and panel data regression is used in this research. After the testing stage, the common effect model (CEM) was selected as the suitable model. This research also conducted a classical assumption, partial, and coefficient determination test. The results are that education negatively and significantly affects the poverty rate of 4 cities in North Sulawesi, and the unemployment rate positively and significantly affects the poverty rate of 4 cities in North Sulawesi. The provision of stimulant assistance and subsidies, more effective and targeted poverty alleviation programs, education funding assistance, skills development training programs, more jobs, support small and medium enterprises, reduction of outsourcing labor, and accepting the employee fairly without nepotism are expected to help in reducing poverty rate and solve poverty problems in 4 cities in North Sulawesi, and even more broadly.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE POOR IN INDONESIA USING NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM AND NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM BASED ON PSO

The poverty rate in Indonesia is still quite high, due to the large population and uneven development and economic centre. With a large population and an archipelagic country that stretches from west to east, it is not easy for the government to level the economy in order to reduce poverty in Indonesia. This study was conducted to classify the poverty rate in districts on the island of Sumatra and Java using Nave Bayes and Nave Bayes based on Particle Swarm Optimization. Thus, it is hoped that the central government and local governments can monitor the implementation of programs in order to reduce poverty rates, especially in districts with high poverty rates. Based on research conducted on the classification of the poor in districts on the island of Sumatra and Java with confusion matrix testing and validation techniques using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, the accuracy rate is 59.75% and AUC 0.768 is included in the good classification. While the results of the classification using the Naïve Bayes algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization produces an accuracy rate of 82.93% and an AUC of 0.849 is included in the good classification. From the results of this study, it can be said that Al-Qur'an Naïve Bayes is a good technique for classification in data mining, and for maximum results using Particle Swarm Optimization.

Strategy and Function of Perfect Health's Public Relations Activities in Enhancing a Positive Image through Philanthropic Corporate Social Responsibility

Efforts to reduce poverty rate are still a highlighted issue almost in every country. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increasing attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) around the world, to find out the magnitude of its influence on corporate image as can be seen from its sustainable, accountable and transparent implementation. Perfect Health carries out several strategies to realize the function of Public Relations activities through CSR Philanthropy in the program "compensation for orphans, disaster donations, social action”, with the aim of influencing other people through cognitive, affective and conative aspects. The researchers use a qualitative research method approach to collect data from some relevant sources for analysis through public relations theoretical approach. Informants in this study comprise community members, philanthropic institutions, and perfect health public relations officers. Data are collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires and literature study techniques. The results show that the implementation of CSR has a positive impact on company image. Furthermore, this study proposes that CSR philanthropy helps promote positive attitudes which in turn increase people’s behavioral interests.

PENGARUH TRANSISI DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP KEMISKINAN

Various studies have been conducted to create policies that can reduce poverty rates, and several researchers have tried to look at the role of demography on poverty. One of them is discussing the relationship between components of demographic variables in Indonesia; cross-national regression shows that high fertility rates increase poverty by slowing economic growth. Combined fertility and mortality are associated with reduced fertility and mortality rates that simultaneously produce changes in population growth as a model of the demographic transition. Indonesia has almost completed this first demographic transition even in several provinces and districts, has passed the first demographic transition and is currently in the second demographic transition phase. Secondary data is macro, in the form of Indonesian time series data sourced from the World Bank, and is annual data, namely 1998-2019. An interesting relationship between the dependency ratio and the poverty rate is related to the term jobless growth, the more working-age, the more jobs are needed, but if there are not many jobs, unemployment will increase even though the economic growth is quite good.