Poverty In Nigeria Research Articles

Effect of Fiscal Policy on Poverty in Nigeria

Effect of Fiscal Policy on Poverty in Nigeria

Effect of Fiscal Policy on Poverty in Nigeria

Effect of Fiscal Policy on Poverty in Nigeria

Inflation and Poverty in Nigeria: A Granger Causality Approach

Inflation and Poverty in Nigeria: A Granger Causality Approach

Poverty and Non-inclusive Growth in Nigeria

The paper examines the impact of poverty on non-inclusive growth using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag regression analysis on data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank database from 1981 to 2020. The obtained result indicates that the initial economic growth level does not result in poverty reduction, while a positive change in economic growth results in poverty reduction. The paper concluded that inclusive economic growth is significant for poverty reduction when it increases employment and improves opportunities for productive activities among the poor. The article recommended measures, such as stable macroeconomic policies, huge investment in agriculture, infrastructural development, and good governance to sustain the inclusive economic growth rate and reduce poverty in Nigeria.

Exploring the geographical variations and influencing factors of poverty in Nigeria

AbstractThe high rate of poverty in Nigeria is alarming with over 105 million people living in poverty. Despite the significant proportion of the population living in poverty in the country and the obvious spatial variations, there is scant evidence regarding the spatial factors driving the variations, leading to ineffectual policies for tackling the problem. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the geographical distribution of poverty and the predictors across Nigeria with a view to providing spatially explicit policies to curb the high poverty rates. The data were obtained from the United Nations Development Program Report and the National Bureau of Statistics. Spatial statistics of global and local Moran's indexes, ordinary least squares regression, and the geographically weighted regression techniques were adopted for the data analysis. Noticeable geographical variations in poverty rates in the country were observed, with high clusters in northern Nigeria. Moreover, the predictors of poverty differed significantly across the country, following socioeconomic pathways and location. While the illiteracy rate and location (distance to the coast) were predictors of poverty in northern Nigeria, unemployment was more of a predictor in southern Nigeria. The study recommends spatially explicit policies to curb poverty in the country.

EFFECT OF TRADE OPENNESS ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA

This study looked at how trade openness affected the lowering of poverty in Nigeria from 1986 to 2020. The Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the World Bank's Development Indicators were used to get data for the study. For the basic test, the study uses the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test. For the analysis, the study uses the Johansen Cointegration test and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The facts show that trade openness has had a big effect on the reduction of poverty in Nigeria and that this effect is currently bad. This study comes to the conclusion that making trade more open over time has not made people more productive. The study suggests, among other things, that the government should start important trade reforms which can boost domestic production, especially in agriculture, where we have a comparative advantage. This can be done by giving subsidies and tax breaks to industries and farmers who make goods that are being imported, so they can increase their production capacity to meet rising demand in the economy and export surplus.

Neighborhood Effect, Agricultural Development and Poverty Level in Nigeria

The study seeks to evaluate the role of agricultural development on poverty level and ascertain whether neighbouring countries have any influence on the relation between agricultural development and poverty level in Nigeria. Annual data covering the period between 1980 and 2019 were employed. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) and spatial econometrics were employed. Our results showed that agricultural development is capable of reducing poverty level in the country, while there was no significant effect of spatial factors on the relationship between agricultural development and poverty level in Nigeria between 1980 and 2019. The study therefore recommends that the government should pay more attention towards improvement of agriculture, transportation and oil rent which are capable of complementing each other in reducing poverty in Nigeria.

An Impact Evaluation of Digital Cash Transfer (DCT) Scheme on Income Poverty in Nigeria

An Impact Evaluation of Digital Cash Transfer (DCT) Scheme on Income Poverty in Nigeria

Effect of Fragility on Growth and Poverty in Nigeria: A Disaggregate State-Level Analysis

Why some nations are wealthier than others are one of the most contentious and enigmatic questions in international development economics. This has necessitated plausible explanations for the reasons behind Africa's poor development record over the past 50 years. Among other factors, fragility arising from different conflicts in African countries has been ranked as a key factor that undermines the development of the continent. Nigeria found itself in this set due to growing conflicts in different parts of the country. Consequently, fragility worsened the country’s development due to the huge associated economic and social costs. More so, conflict-affected countries are characterized by the worst socio-economic outcomes. Hence, existing studies have been preoccupied with the understanding of the relationship between fragility and economic growth as well as fragility and poverty. To provide evidence in the context of Nigeria, this paper, therefore, empirically investigated the fragility-growth nexus, as well as the fragility-poverty nexus, in a sample of 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. We further considered the macroeconomic and socio-political relationships in fragile and non-fragile states of Nigeria. Using data covering the period between 2011 and 2015, both the static approach (Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effect, and Random Effect) and the dynamic approach (Difference and System Generalized Method of Moments) were explored to provide answers to some key questions in the study. The results showed that the neoclassical and socio-political approaches complement each other. Specifically, fragility significantly weakened economic growth and further worsened poverty levels among the states. This suggests that conflict-related fragility creates an unstable environment that discourages economic activities and aggravates hunger among the population. More so, the results indicated that only debt enhances economic growth while income reduces poverty in both fragile and non-fragile states. Hence, conflict resolution is crucial to addressing conflicts in different parts of the country. Also, the country needs to explore various strategies (security infrastructure, and human capital) to overcome fragility, enhance economic growth, and combat poverty.

Financial Inclusion and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: The Role of Microfinance Institutions

This study investigates the role of microfinance institutions as a vehicle for driving financial inclusion and alleviating poverty in Nigeria using the EFinA 2018 household survey data. The probit model, propensity score matching, and average treatment effect methods are applied for the analyses. The study finds that financial inclusion driven by access to, and usage of products/services provided by microfinance institutions reduces poverty. The study recommends among others the need for increased access to microfinance products/services and an integrated poverty reduction policies that identifies microfinance institutions as a critical enabler.

Measuring the Impact of Human Resource Development on Poverty Incidence in Nigeria: A Bound Testing Approach

Abstract Research purpose: Eradicating poverty in the world requires some strategies, such as the poor having adequate access to productive assets and increasing their returns on assets, having adequate access to education and health facilities, increasing their access to job prospects, at the same time complementing these resources with other incomes. Hence, the goal of this study is to examine the link between human resources development and poverty in Nigeria, using annual secondary data from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1990 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach: The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Technique was explicitly employed to arrive at the statistical and logical conclusions in determining the impact of human resource development in the face of poverty. In addition, the bound testing approach was used to measure Nigeria’s long-run relationship between human resource development and poverty. Findings: The study revealed that human resource development has a statistically insignificant but non-decreasing impact/effect on poverty incidence in Nigeria, based on the short-run ARDL assessment. Furthermore, the bound testing approach also indicates that there is indeed a long-run relationship between human resource development and poverty incidence in Nigeria. The study, therefore, concludes that poverty is inescapable and, hence, creates underdevelopment. The study advises governments at all levels to develop and implement policies and programs aimed at improving or enhancing the welfare and well-being of the masses through job creation in order to close the income gap between the affluent and the deprived. Originality/value/practical implications: Fighting poverty in Nigeria has been one of the major priorities of most governments in Nigeria. These can be observed from the nationwide planning policies that have been focused on adequate provision of access to both human and natural resources. There has been an enormous call for the massive upgrading of the productive capacity of the people through investment in human resources. This paper is one of the several articles employed to evaluate the impact of human resource development on the incidence of poverty in Nigeria.

Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Development

The study examined the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on poverty reduction with implication on Sustainable development in Nigeria using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model technique on times series data collected from 1985 to 2020. Unit root test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) found that Poverty Head Count Ratio (PHCR), Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and Real Exchange rate (REXR) are integrated of order 1(1) while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is integrated of order 1(0). The results show that FDI has a negative impact on poverty reduction in Nigeria and ARDL Bounds test result shows that there is a long run relationship among all the variables. Finally, lag value result indicates that gross fixed capital formation has a significant impact on poverty head count ratio in Nigeria. In view of these findings, the study concluded and recommended that FDI policies must be checked closely in order to make FDI growth enhancing in Nigeria so as to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) one. Government should also encourage gross fixed capital formation to reduce poverty in Nigeria.

Poverty Implications of COVID-19 and Government Social Protection Programmes in Nigeria

The sole objective of this paper was to investigate the poverty implications of COVID-19 on Nigerians, relative to the effectiveness of the government’s social protection programs in mitigating the socioeconomic strain caused by the pandemic. The paper used documentary analysis to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Nigerians’ socioeconomic lives and the government’s policy response to the situation. The review found that COVID-19 exacerbated the existing poverty in Nigeria, and most of the government policy programs were not effective in mitigating the effects. We concluded that government policy responses to the socioeconomic strain caused by the pandemic were ineffective due to the pre-existing poor performance of social protection programs in Nigeria before the onset of COVID-19. As the world prepares for future pandemics, we recommend that the Nigerian government overhaul the existing social protection programs on poverty alleviation in Nigeria by addressing all gaps and looking for effective and strategic ways such programs can achieve desirable results.

How responsive is the poverty to the foreign direct investment inflows in Nigeria? Evidence from linear and non-linear ARDL

PurposeThe aim is to examine the long run and short run linear and non-linear impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on poverty in Nigeria from 1980 to 2019.Design/methodology/approachThe Augmented Dickey Fuller, Phillips Perron and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin unit root tests and bounds test were used to tests the series stationarity and co-integration, respectively. Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and non-linear and linear autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) estimators are employed to examine the long run and short run impact of the coefficients of the variables and diagnostic check.FindingsThe study finds that the variables are integrated at a level I(0) and the first difference I(I) and co-integrated. The ARDL estimator indicates that FDI significantly reduces poverty in the long and short run. The findings under NARDL shows FDI positive shock and FDI negative shock reduces poverty substantially in the long-short run, respectively. The error correction term is negative and significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to a single country (time series) and less informative compared with the panel data study with much informative and free from hetero-scedasticity. Future studies should consider panel data using a similar or dissimilar approach.Practical implicationsFDI inflows stimulate growth, thereby creating job openings, transfer of modern technology and reduce poverty and demonstrate that, if the finding integrated into policy actions, the government would attract FDI inflows for the real sector of the economy.Social implicationsFDI inflows lead to environmental degradation if inferior technology is use in the host economy, especially the weak environmental regulations in Nigeria.Originality/valueThe authors find no study that applied both ARDL and NARDL estimator, selection of variables measurement and time frame for the study in the context of Nigeria.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2020-0530.

Has economic growth reduced poverty in Nigeria? A critical analysis of the last two decades

Purpose — This paper aims to examine how Nigeria's economic growth over the past two decades has contributed to poverty reduction.Method — This study adopted the desktop research method of qualitative and quantitative data and used various sources, including academic journals, publications, books, articles, and reports. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of Nigeria, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Human Development Report, the World Bank Indicators, and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin are all places where secondary statistical data comes from.Result — Nigerian economy has experienced significant growth over the last two decades, but poverty rates in the country remain high. We also discovered that the Nigerian economy's high level of inequality, corruption, jobless growth, and monocity are some issues that have hindered the translation of economic growth into significant poverty reduction.Recommendation — Based on the analysis of this research and the peculiarity of the Nigerian economy, this paper recommends that diversification of the economy, investment in public services, and policies that encourage pro-poor growth are effective strategies that would lead to more significant poverty reduction. In addition, there is a need to study the nature of inequality in Nigeria. An in-depth study needs to be done on income inequality and the multidimensional forms of inequality prevalent in the country.Contribution — Research on economic growth and poverty in Nigeria mostly concentrated on the relationship between these variables. Only a few studies have investigated why the poverty rate continues to rise amid economic growth. This study tries to fill this gap and contribute empirically to the current literature on economic growth and poverty in Nigeria by studying the economic situations and factors surrounding the country's rising poverty rate.

Financial Discipline at all Levels of Government: Test with Focus on Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

In Nigeria, the improper use of government resources has proven to be a big concern. While residents live in abject poverty, it is important to highlight that the government at all levels generates adequate resources to eradicate poverty in the country provided there is strong administration and financial discipline. This study examined the efficiency of government independent resources at all levels in poverty reduction. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of the independent government resources on poverty reduction. The study covered a period from 2007 to 2020 using secondary form of data. The autonomous income of each level of government was obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin while the per capita income used as proxy for poverty control was collected from the World Bank Development Indicator. The study applied multiple regression approach in examining the influence of government resources at all levels on poverty reduction. Consequently, the regression result showed that each level of government generates resources capable of reducing poverty in Nigeria. The authors of this paper recommended financial discipline, strong governance, and resource conservation. This was the first study to explore monetary ceiling and to use government independent resources at all levels in assessing the role the government may play in decreasing poverty in Nigeria, using the available resources at each level of government in the country.

Microfinance Credit and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria (2008 to 2019)

The study examined the relationship between microfinance credit and alleviation of poverty in Nigeria, Poverty can be regarded as the denial of choices and opportunities, a defiance of human dignity. Despite all the policies and measures, taken to reduce poverty , no noticeable success has been achieved in this direction. The key issue is to find out the relationship between microfinance credit and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. using unemployment rate, fixed capital formation and per capita income as proxy for poverty alleviation, while micro finance credit was used as the independent variable of the study. The study covered a period of eleven years from 2008 to 2019. Ordinary least square regression analysis was used in testing the hypotheses of the study. The regression result found that there is a significant relationship between microfinance bank and unemployment rate in Nigeria, there is a significant relationship between microfinance bank and capital formation in Nigeria and there is a significant relationship between microfinance bank and per capita income in Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that microfinance credit has the ability of reducing rate of poverty in the country. The study therefore recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria should regulate and monitor the activities of Microfinance and also administer specialized funds set aside to improve microcredit access at affordable cost, especially SME Credit Guarantee Schemes.

Critical Analysis of The Effectiveness of Civil Society in Nigeria: A Study of Interventions and Monitoring of Poverty and Attainment of SDG in Nigeria

Without any shred of doubt, poverty is one of the social issues that has no regard for tribe, race, country, or other ways by which we group people all over the world. The major difference when it comes to poverty is the level with which it affects different countries. The irony of the whole situation is that what some countries refer to as poverty is prosperity for some others. Third world countries are grappling with serious level of poverty, and Nigeria is not left out. In fact, the poverty level is so astounding that it poses great danger to countries all over the world due to its security implications and effects on world peace. As the international poverty benchmark got increased to $1.90 from $1 in September 2015, many Nigerians were further pushed below poverty line. It can be argued with very little contradiction that factors such as poor governance, mismatched allocation of resources, unemployment, lack of equity, corrupt practices and many others are responsible for the extreme level of poverty in Nigeria. The study adopts structural functionalism as the analytical framework to examine the effects of various interventions by civil society organizations within and outside Nigeria, on the level of poverty and the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Nigeria. In addition, the mixed method (of both primary and secondary data) is used to collect data while content analysis is applied. The study observes that for the level of poverty to reduce drastically in Nigeria, there is need for good and effective leadership, strong institutions, as well as using public-private partnership. Keywords: SDG (Sustainable Development Goals), CSOs, international poverty line, DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/95-05 Publication date: July 30 th 2022

An analysis of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria using statistical and geospatial modelling: A case study of Jigawa state

Despite recent advances in reducing poverty across the world, millions of people remain on the verge of or already living in severe multidimensional poverty especially in third world nations. The poor in Nigeria suffer from a feeling of voicelessness, helplessness, mistreatment, a complete lack of capacity to influence important choices that impact their life, and a lack of social networking inside state and societal organisations. The goal of this research is to conduct a geospatial analysis of Nigeria’s multidimensional poverty and to identify the geospatial distribution pattern of poverty in Jigawa State as a case study. As a result, comprehend the causes of Jigawa’s complicated poverty condition and to create the state’s first ever poverty map. Also, to look at the country’s poverty trends, with a particular emphasis on Jigawa. The National Bureau of Statistics provided the headcount poverty statistics for Nigerian states, which were downloaded and analysed using simple geospatial approach. The findings revealed a dynamic pattern in Nigerian state poverty from 1996 to 2019. The distribution of poverty in Jigawa state, as a case study, revealed that physical and natural environment resources play a critical role in the state’s high poverty rate. Natural drainage, fertile soil, flat topography, and vegetation pattern all aid other people’s poverty levels in different parts of the state. Future study will examine the linking between environmental, social, religious, and political factors and multidimensional poverty using a geospatial method to map the state’s poverty, which has consistently ranked at the bottom of the Nigeria States Poverty Index.

Are farmers ‘efficient but poor’? The impact of crop choices on technical efficiency and poverty in Nigeria

AbstractWe test the ‘efficient‐but‐poor’ hypothesis by estimating the determinants of smallholders' choice over cash or food crops and whether their crop choice affects technical efficiency and poverty using the national household panel data in Nigeria. We employ the stochastic frontier analyses correcting for sample selection about farmers' crop choice. Our results indicate that smallholders are generally efficient in their resource allocations. A treatment effects model is employed to estimate farmers' crop choice in the first stage and the impact of their choices on technical efficiency and poverty outcomes in the second stage. The results show that farmers' access to free inputs, non‐farm income and the use of seeds from the previous growing season are important determinants of crop choice. The adoption of cash crops by food‐crop producing households will not generally reduce poverty, although it will improve technical efficiency marginally. However, if cash crops are commercialised, poverty tends to decline.