Poultry Wastewater Research Articles

Study on the adsorption mechanism of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by modified fly ash under the coexistence of copper

The recontamination of farming wastewater with antibiotics and metal ions has emerged as a considerable concern in recent years. In this study, fly ash (FA) served as the adsorbent material, and its modified form (AFA) was developed via response surface optimization. The study involved an analysis of the structure and chemical composition of the fly ash before and after modification, both pre- and post-modification, through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. These analyses were aimed at exploring the adsorption mechanism of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the presence of copper ion (Cu2+) in livestock and poultry wastewater. The study indicates that the optimal modification parameters for AFA include an alkali-to-ash ratio of 1.5, a calcination temperature of 400 °C, and a 3-hour calcination period. At pH 6, AFA exhibited a markedly superior adsorption capacity for CIP in comparison to FA, with AFA achieving 19.32 mg/g and FA only 9.61 mg/g. The adsorption process conforms to the quasi-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal model.The adsorption capacity for CIP increases at low concentrations, specifically when Cu2+ levels are below 100 mg/L. Nevertheless, elevated CIP concentrations impede the adsorption process. The adsorption of AFA for CIP is observed to decrease with rising temperature, in contrast to the adsorption of Cu2+, which increases as the temperature rises. The adsorption mechanism of AFA is primarily comprised of pore filling, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, π bond coordination, complexation, and other similar processes.

Corn stover waste preparation cerium-modified biochar for phosphate removal from pig farm wastewater: Adsorption performance and mechanism

The high phosphorus content in livestock and poultry wastewater is a significant factor contributing to water eutrophication. It is imperative to seek an economically efficient method for phosphate recovery. This study employed cerium-modified biochar to recover phosphate from pig farm wastewater. An investigation was conducted to examine the adsorption performance and removal mechanism of phosphate. Among the different samples, 0.1CeB-500℃ was selected for subsequent experiments. It exhibited a phosphate adsorption capacity of 9.58 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 95.75 %. The results showed that the phosphate adsorption process followed not only the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, but also the Langmuir isotherm model. It suggested that the adsorption of phosphate onto the biochar occurred in a monolayer chemical manner, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.86 mg/g. Phosphate adsorption was minimally affected within the pH range of 2–9, with Cl- having negligible impact, NO3- slightly inhibiting, and HCO3- and CO32- significantly hindering phosphate adsorption. A series of characterization results indicated that phosphate removal occurred through surface precipitation forming CePO4, ligand exchange between carbonate and phosphate, inner-sphere complexation, and electrostatic attraction. The phosphate removal efficiency from pig farm wastewater was 43.25 %, demonstrating promising potential for practical application.

Autotrophic nitrification and denitrification of poultry wastewater in an anoxic-aerobic fixed bed reactor composed of elemental sulfur and dolomitic limestone

This study promoted the autotrophic denitrification of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in anoxic reactor with fix bed of elementary sulfur a dolomitic limestone and, posteriorly, nitrification was coupled to this system in an anoxic-aerobic reactor. The anoxic reactor was operated under constant nitrogen concentration of 71,1±4,2 mg NOx L-1 and HTR of 14, 10 and 6 hours. In this reactor, the efficiencies and denitrification tax obtained were 94,4±2,0, 94,9±2,3 and 71,1±7,8%, for the HRT of 14, 10 and 6 hours, respectively. The reactor anoxic-aerobic was operated with HRT of 16 hours and fed with effluent in rate ammonified: nitrified of 3:1 (E1), 1:1 (E2) and 1:3 (E3). In this reactor, the efficiencies of ammoniacal nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal were 67,3±6,4, 63,4±6,7 and 14,2±4,4% and 64,2±6,3, 53,1±7,1 and 33,8±1,7%, to the conditions E1, E2 and E3, respectively. The application of autotrophic denitrification from the elementary sulfur can be considerate a viable technology in wastewater nitrified treatment.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in wastewater resources and healthy carriers: A survey in Iran

ABSTRACT The carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a pressing public health concern. Here, we investigated the frequency of CRE bacteria, carbapenemase-encoding genes, and the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-resistant Escherichia coli in wastewater resources and healthy carriers in Iran. Out of 617 Enterobacterales bacteria, 24% were carbapenem-resistant. The prevalence of CRE bacteria in livestock and poultry wastewater at 34% and hospital wastewater at 33% was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those in healthy carriers and municipal wastewater at 22 and 17%, respectively. The overall colonization rate of CRE in healthy individuals was 22%. Regarding individual Enterobacterales species, the following percentages of isolates were found to be CRE: E. coli (18%), Citrobacter spp. (24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), Proteus spp. (40%), Enterobacter spp. (25%), Yersinia spp. (17%), Hafnia spp. (31%), Providencia spp. (21%), and Serratia spp. (36%). The blaOXA-48 gene was detected in 97% of CRE isolates, while the blaNDM and blaVIM genes were detected in 24 and 3% of isolates, respectively. The B2 phylogroup was the most prominent group identified in carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates, accounting for 80% of isolates. High prevalence of CRE with transmissible carbapenemase genes among healthy people and wastewater in Iran underscores the need for assertive measures to prevent further dissemination.

Kinetics of Obtaining Microalgal Biomass and Removal of Organic Contaminants in Photobioreactors Operated with Microalgae—Study Case: Treatment of Wastewater from a Poultry Slaughterhouse

Increases in poultry industry production have resulted in the generation of more hazardous effluents with high nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations. It is necessary to develop more efficient technologies in terms of water purification without the need to increase the volumes of commonly used reactors. This work analyzed the addition of micronutrients (Mo, Zn, Cu, and Mn) for the cultivation of the microalgae Chlorella spp. and Spirulina maxima in poultry wastewater. The effects of micronutrients on the production of biomass and algal cells were also assessed. For the Chlorella species, removal efficiencies of up to 99.14% for COD and 99.33% for nitrogen were achieved; for the Spirulina strain, these efficiencies were 98% for COD and 99% for nitrogen. The modified Gompertz equation was used to analyze the kinetic parameters. For both microalgae, the R2 values were greater than 98%. The results indicated that the dose with the highest algal cell generation rate was dose 2 for Chlorella spp., at 4.35 days, and dose 1 for Spirulina maxima, at 6.26 days. Microalgae are biological alternatives suitable for wastewater treatment, and their pollutant removal efficiency can increase with the addition of micronutrients, which has additional benefits for the production of valuable biomasses for industrial applications.

16S metabarcoding of the bacterial community of a poultry wastewater treatment plant in the Philippines

16S metabarcoding of the bacterial community of a poultry wastewater treatment plant in the Philippines

Effects of initial alkalinity and elemental sulfur: dolomitic limestone ratio on autotrophic denitrification of poultry wastewater

Autotrophic denitrification from elemental sulfur is an alternative to heterotrophic denitrification for substrates with a low C/N ratio. In this process, nitrogen compounds are reduced from elemental sulfur instead of carbon, as in the conventional process. However, it may be limited by the low concentration of alkalinity in these effluents. Thus, this study evaluated the performance of autotrophic denitrification of nitrified poultry effluent in four fixed bed reactors with a ratio of elemental sulfur/dolomitic limestone (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 v/v) under conditions of the decline of initial alkalinity (1000, 800, 600, 400 and 200 mg CaCO3 L-1). Denitrification efficiencies greater than 84.8% were observed in conditions of initial alkalinity greater than 600 mg CaCO3 L-1 in the four reactors, associated with maximum yields of 445.1 mg SO4-2 L-1. The slow dissolution of dolomitic limestone may have impaired denitrification efficiency in conditions of initial alkalinity lower than 600 mg CaCO3 L-1. The autotrophic denitrification process proved viable for the treatment of nitrified effluent, and its efficiency was linked to the food substrate and the dissolution of dolomitic limestone.

Towards a circular bioeconomy to produce methane by co-digestion of coffee and brewery waste using a mixture of anaerobic granular sludge and cattle manure as inoculum

Coffee processing wastes, such as solid (pulp and husk) and wastewater, co-digested with industrial brewery wastewater, serve as excellent substrates for generating methane in the anaerobic digestion process. This study compared methane production using different compositions of cattle manure (CM) and granular sludge from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor used in poultry wastewater treatment (GS). Four anaerobic batch reactors (500 mL) were assembled, A (50% CM and 50% GS), B (60% CM and 40% GS), C (70% CM and 30% of GS) and D (60% CM and 40% GS). Equal concentrations of substrates were added to all reactors: pulp and husk pretreated by hydrothermolysis (1 g L−1), coffee (10 g COD L−1) and brewery (1.5 g COD L−1) wastewaters. Assays A, B and C were supplemented with 2 g L−1 of yeast extract, except for assay D. The reactors were operated at 37 °C and pH 7.0. In assay B, the highest CH4 production of 759.15 ± 19.20 mL CH4 g−1 TS was observed, possibly favored by the synergistic interactions between cellulolytic bacteria Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Methanosaeta archaea, as inferred by genes encoding enzymes related to acetoclastic methanogenesis (acetyl-CoA synthetase). Consequently, the electricity production potential of assay B (45614.08 kWh−1 year−1) could meet the energy demand of a farm producing coffee and beer, contributing to a positive energy balance concerning methane generation.

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from produced water using the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions

Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated for 15 days in 10 different treatments under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, using wastewater from oil and poultry industries as the culture medium. The blends were made with produced water (PW), sterilized produced water (PWs), sterilized poultry wastewater (PoWs), sterilized seawater (SWs), and the addition of sodium nitrate to evaluate cell growth in treatments and the removal of PAHs. The heterotrophic condition showed more effective removal, having an initial concentration of 3.93 μg L−1 and a final concentration of 0.57 μg L−1 of total PAHs reporting 83%, during phycoremediation of (PW) than the mixotrophic condition, with an initial concentration of 3.93 μg L−1 and a final concentration of 1.96 and 43% removal for the PAHs. In the heterotrophic condition, the blend with (PWs + SWs) with an initial concentration of 0.90 μg L−1 and a final concentration of 0.32 μg L−1 had 64% removal of total PAHs compared to the mixotrophic condition with 37% removal having an initial concentration of 0.90 μg L−1 and a final concentration of 0.56 μg L−1. However, the best result in the mixotrophic condition was obtained using a blend of (PWs + PoWs) that had an initial cell concentration of 1.18 × 105 cells mL−1 and reached a final cell concentration of 4.39 × 105 cells mL−1, an initial concentration of 4.76 μg L−1 and a final concentration of 0.37 μg L−1 having a 92% total removal of PAHs. The biostimulation process increased the percentage of PAHs removal by 45% (PW) in the mixotrophic condition. This study showed that it is possible to allow an environmental remediation strategy that significantly reduces effluent toxicity and generates high value-added biomass in contaminated effluents rich in nutrients and carbon, based on a circular bioeconomy model.

Enhanced nutrient recovery from anaerobically digested poultry wastewater through struvite precipitation by organic acid pre-treatment and seeding in a bubble column electrolytic reactor

Limited mineralization of organic phosphorus to phosphate during the anaerobic digestion process poses a significant challenge in the development of cost-effective nutrient recovery strategies from anaerobically digested poultry wastewater (ADPW). This study investigated the influence of organic acids on phosphorus solubilization from ADPW, followed by its recycling in the form of struvite using a bubble column electrolytic reactor (BCER) without adding chemicals. The impact of seeding on the efficiency of PO43− and NH3-N recovery as well as the size distribution of recovered precipitates from the acid pre-treated ADPW was also evaluated. Pre-treatment of the ADPW with oxalic acid achieved complete solubilization of phosphorus, reaching ∼100% extraction efficiency at pH 2.5. The maximum removal efficiency of phosphate and ammonia-nitrogen from the ADPW were 88.9% and 90.1%, respectively, while the addition of 5 and 10 g/L struvite seed to the BCER increased PO43− removal efficiency by 9.6% and 11.5%, respectively. The value of the kinetic rate constant, k, increased from 0.0176 min−1 (unseeded) to 0.0198 min−1, 0.0307 min−1, and 0.0375 min−1 with the seed loading rate of 2, 5, and 10 g/L, respectively. Concurrently, the average particle size rose from 75.3 μm (unseeded) to 82.1 μm, 125.7 μm, and 148.9 μm, respectively. Results from XRD, FTIR, EDS, and dissolved chemical analysis revealed that the solid product obtained from the recovery process was a multi-nutrient fertilizer consisting of 94.7% struvite with negligible levels of heavy metals.

Azolla of poultry farms, reproduction, production of its biomass'use as additional feed

In this article, poultry enterprises in wastewater Azolla (Azolla carolinianaWILL) the results of scientific and practical research carried out for the purpose of plant propagation and water purification, as well as the use of the resulting azolla biomass as additional feed for feeding broilers, are described. During the research poultry farm enterprise After planting Azolla in wastewater, its physico-chemical composition was studied (day 8), it was found that the water temperature in the experiment increased from 27.5 0C to 33.8 0C, the water (pH) environment changed from acidity to alkalinity (6.8-7, 6) increased, the color changed from reddish-yellow to transparent, the smell disappeared, the amount of suspended matter decreased (107.5-72.5 mg/l), the amount of oxygen (1.4-12.3 mg/l l) increased, the amount of KBS5 (123.5-28.7 mg/l) decreased, the amount of O2 in the oxidation process increased from 118.4 mg/l to 28.9 mg/l, and the amount of ammonia decreased from 9.0-1.8 mg/l l, as well as the loss of nitrites, nitrates, sulfates by 121.0-67.0 mg/l, chlorides by 113.0-54.8 mg/l, phosphates by 8.3-1.4 mg/l it was noted that it decreased to. At the same time, the biomass of Azolla in 8 days when Azolla is planted in poultry waste water is 100 g/m2from 750g/m2has been found to have increased to Broiler by giving 10-25-30% additional feed from Azolla biomass to the main feedohall are fed. Broiler johThe animals were fed for 35 days, with 30% azolla biomass as the main feedohOut of the total 340 kg of feed used during feeding, the main feed was 238 and the additional feed was 102 kg. In this case, broiler j compared to the controlohIt is scientifically proven that the weight of the cattle increased by 0.2 kg and 102 kg of basic feed was saved.

Removal of organic matter during adaptation of Nannochloropsis oculata in livestock waste

Microalgae, like plants, contribute significantly to the development of the oxygen biogeochemical cycle due to their high photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, they provide high yields of polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterols, proteins, terpenoids, and pigments, among others. Therefore, different species of microalgae have been studied and used on a laboratory scale to carry out processes such as wastewater treatment or aerobic bioconversion, which are presented as sustainable and viable alternatives for the treatment and recovery of organic waste (OW), usually rich in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. In the present investigation, the removal of organic matter was evaluated during the adaptation of Nannochloropsis oculata in residues of poultry wastewater and swine origin, obtained from technical and semi-technical plants, respectively, located in the high mountain zone of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The experiment was carried out in 250 mL discontinuous photobioreactors with a working volume of 200 mL, where 3 inoculum-substrate ratios were studied for each organic residue: 10, 15 and 20% inoculum in poultry wastewater (PWW) and 30, 50 and 70% inoculum in pig manure (PM). In addition, the conditions of temperature (20 ± 2 °C), illumination (2000 lx), photoperiod of 12/12 (light/dark) and continuous aeration were controlled. It was shown that N. oculata can tolerate alkaline conditions of pH ≥ 10 and contributes to the reduction of soluble organic matter in OW. PWW and PM were found to be viable media for the survival of N. oculata. Finally, regarding the inoculum concentrations studied, the most appropriate were 10% for PWW and 70% for PM.

Effects of zero-valent iron (ZVI) on nitrogen conversion, transformation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aerobic granular sludge process

Even after pre-treatment, livestock and poultry wastewater still contain high concentrations of ammonia and residual antibiotics. These could be removed economically using the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process with zero-valent iron (ZVI). The interaction of antibiotics and nitrogen in this process needs to be clarified and controlled, however, to achieve good removal performance. Otherwise, antibiotics might generate transformation products (TPs) with higher toxicity and lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which could cause persistent toxicity and the risk of disease transmission to the ecological environment. This study investigated the impact of ZVI on AGS for nitrogen and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal. The results show that AGS could maintain good ammonia removal performance and that the existence of SMX had a negative impact on ammonia oxidation activities. ZVI contributed to an increase in the abundance of nitrite oxidation bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and the functional genes of nitrogen removal. This led to better total nitrogen removal and a decrease in N2O emission. Accompanied by biological nitrogen transformation, SMX could be transformed into 14 TPs through five pathways. ZVI has the potential to enhance transformation pathways with TPs of lower ecotoxicity, thereby reducing the acute and chronic toxicity of the effluent. Unfortunately, ZVI might enhance the abundance of sul1, sul2, and sul3 in AGS, which increases the risk of sulfonamide antibiotic resistance. In AGS, Opitutaceae, Xanthomonas, Spartobacteria and Mesorhizobium were potential hosts for ARGs. This study provides theoretical references for the interaction of typical antibiotics and nitrogen in the biological treatment process of wastewater and bioremediation of natural water bodies.

Exploring the impact of fouling on permeate flux and quality in ceramic ultrafiltration after treating poultry wastewater, and strategies for effective modelling and mitigation

Ultrafiltration was used to treat the poultry processing industry's wastewater to enhance the water quality, making it suitable for recycling within the process. With the application of a constant transmembrane pressure for the ultrafiltration process, the permeate flux decreased over time, while the permeate quality improved. Mathematical modelling of the flux data and permeate analysis revealed that cake layer formation was responsible for fouling but with some initial pore blocking. The study indicated that higher transmembrane pressure contributed to the formation and compression of the cake layer, resulting in improved permeate quality. Cleaning with water failed to eliminate fouling, but chemical cleaning with acid and base helped to restore the initial permeate flux. The process effectively removed almost all particles (>99 % reduction of turbidity), over 90 % of the chemical oxygen demand, and 40–80 % of total phosphorus. The efficiency of the phosphorus removal was lower for pre-treated wastewater as part of the phosphorus was already removed. Increasing the pressure from 1 to 3 bar significantly improved the removal of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and lipids by 10 % without negatively impacting the membrane-cleaning process.

The effects of carbon nitrogen ratio and salinity on the treatment of swine digestion effluent simultaneously producing bioenergy by microalgae biofilm

In order to remove high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and refractory sulfamethazine (SM2) from swine digestion effluent, different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and salinity were used to determine the effects of pollutants removal in the microalgae biofilm system. Microalgae biofilm treatment under optimal environmental conditions in synthetic swine digestion effluent were C/N ratio of 20 and salinity of 140 mM. In order to make the actual swine digestion effluent discharge up to the standard, three different two-cycle treatments (suspended microalgae, microalgae biofilm, microalgae biofilm under the optimal conditions) were studied. The results showed that after two-cycle treatment with microalgae biofilm under the optimal conditions, the actual swine digestion effluent levels of total nitrogen (TN), NH4+-N, total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SM2 were 22.65, 9.32, 4.11, 367.28, and 0.99 mg L−1, respectively, which could satisfy the discharge standards for livestock and poultry wastewater in China. At the same time, first-order kinetic simulation equations suggested a degradation half-life of 4.85 d for SM2 under optimal conditions in microalgae biofilm, and microbial community analysis indicated that the dominant genus was Halomonas. Furthermore, 35.66% of lipid, 32.56% of protein and 18.44% of polysaccharides were harvested after two-cycle in microalgae biofilm treatment under optimal environmental conditions. These results indicated that the regulation of C/N and salinity in microalgae biofilm for the treatment of swine digestion effluent was a high-efficiency strategy to simultaneously achieve wastewater treatment and bioenergy production.

Prevalence and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients, healthy carriers, and wastewaters in Iran

BackgroundThis study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ciprofloxacin resistance among 346 Escherichia coli isolates collected from clinical specimens (n = 82), healthy children (n = 176), municipal wastewater (n = 34), hospital wastewater (n = 33), poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (n = 12) and livestock (n = 9) slaughterhouse wastewater in Iran.MethodsCiprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution assay. Phylogroups and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were identified using PCR. Mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes and amino acid alterations were screened through sequencing assay. The effect of efflux pump inhibitor (PAβN) on ciprofloxacin MICs in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates was investigated using the microdilution method.ResultsIn total, 28.03% of E. coli isolates were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin. Based on sources of isolation, 64.63%, 51.51%, 33.33%, 14.70%, 10.22% and 8.33% of isolates from clinical specimens, hospital wastewater, livestock wastewater, municipal wastewater, healthy children and poultry wastewater were ciprofloxacin-resistant, respectively. Eighty-one point eighty-one percent (Ser-83 → Leu + Asp-87 → Asn; 78.78% and Ser-83 → Leu only; 3.03% (of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates showed missense mutation in GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, while no amino-acid substitution was noted in the GyrB subunit. DNA sequence analyses of the ParC and ParE subunits of topoisomerase IV exhibited amino-acid changes in 30.30% (Ser-80 → Ile + Glu-84 → Val; 18.18%, Ser-80 → Ile only; 9.10% and Glu-84 → Val only; 3.03%0 (and 15.38% (Ser-458 → Ala) of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates, respectively. The PMQR genes, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, qnrB, oqxA, oqxB, and qepA were detected in 43.29%, 74.22%, 9.27%, 14.43%, 30.92% and 1.03% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, respectively. No isolate was found to be positive for qnrA and qnrD genes. In isolates harboring the OqxA/B efflux pump, the MIC of ciprofloxacin was reduced twofold in the presence of PAβN, as an efflux pump inhibitor. The phylogroups B2 (48.45%) and A (20.65%) were the most predominant groups identified in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates.ConclusionsThis study proved the high incidence of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates in both clinical and non-clinical settings in Iran. Chromosomal gene mutations and PMQR genes were identified in ciprofloxacin resistance among E. coli population.

Synergistic analysis for co-treatment of poultry wastewater and sewage in electro-chemical system: Operational parameters, kinetics and energy estimation

This research deals with the investigation of poultry wastewater (PW) treatment by electrocoagulation (EC) using iron (Fe) and stainless-steel (SS) electrodes for COD, NO3− and TSS removal. Meanwhile, effect of operational parameters i.e. treatment time (0–180 min), voltage (5–30 V), pH (3-11), number of electrodes (2–6), electrode combination (Fe−SS−Fe−SS and SS−Fe−SS−Fe) and electrode spacing (1–3 cm) on removal of COD, NO3− and TSS were investigated. Subsequently, first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted for determining rate constants. Furthermore, the efficacy of potential application of EC technique for cotreatment of PW and sewage (SW) at different volumetric ratios PW + SW (mL + mL) viz. 1000 + 0, 800 + 200, 600 + 400, 400 + 600 and 0 + 1000 was examined. From results, it was observed that optimum operating conditions were found to be 120 min, 25 V voltage, 4 electrodes and 1 cm electrode distance at neutral pH. At optimized conditions, Fe electrodes were found to be more efficient in COD (99%), NO3− (85%) and TSS (89%) removal of comparison to SS electrodes (COD (84%), NO3− (71%) and TSS (72%)). Furthermore, synergistic index and electrical energy order elucidated the feasible application of EC treatment using Fe electrode for co-treatment of PW + SW efficiently.

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria with High Electroactive Potential from Poultry Wastewater.

Natural resources are in short supply, and the ecosystem is being damaged as a result of the overuse of fossil fuels. The creation of novel technology is greatly desired for investigating renewable and sustainable energy sources. Microorganisms have received a lot of interest recently for their potential to transform organic waste into sustainable energy and high-value goods. New exoelectrogens that can transmit electrons to electrodes and remove specific wastewater contaminants are expected to be studied. In this study, we examined three distinct samples (as determined by chemical oxygen demand and pH) that can be used as anolytes to generate power in single-chamber and double-chamber microbial fuel cells using graphite electrodes. Wastewater from poultry farms was studied as an exoelectrogenic anolyte for microbial fuel cell power generation. The study examined 10 different bacterial strains, numbered A1 through A10. Due to their highly anticipated capacity to metabolize organic/inorganic chemicals, the diverse range of microorganisms found in poultry wastewater inspired us to investigate the viability of generating electricity using microbial fuel cells. From the investigated bacterial strains, the highest voltage outputs were produced by strains A1 (Lysinibacillus sphaericus) and A2 (Bacillus cereus), respectively, at 402 mV and 350 mV. Among the 10 different bacterial strains, strain A6 generated the least amount of electricity, measuring 35.03 mV. Furthermore, a maximum power density of 16.16 1.02 mW/m2 was achieved by the microbial fuel cell using strain A1, significantly outperforming the microbial fuel cell using a sterile medium. The strain A2 showed significant current and power densities of 35 1.12 mA/m2 and 12.25 1.05 mW/m2, respectively. Moreover, in the two representative strains, chemical oxygen demand removal and Coulombic efficiency were noted. Samples from the effluent anode chamber were taken in order to gauge the effectiveness of chemical oxygen demand removal. Wastewater had an initial chemical oxygen demand content of 350 mg/L on average. Strains A1 and A2 decomposed 94.28% and 91.71%, respectively, of the organic substrate, according to the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency values after 72 h. Strains A1 and A2 had electron donor oxidation efficiencies for 72 h of 54.1% and 60.67%, respectively. The Coulombic efficiency increased as the chemical oxygen demand decreased, indicating greater microbial electroactivity. With representative strains A1 and A2, Coulombic efficiencies of 10% and 3.5%, respectively, were obtained in the microbial fuel cell. The findings of this study greatly advance the field as a viable source of power technology for alternative energy in the future, which is important given the depletion of natural resources.

Nutrient Recovery from Poultry Wastewater by Modified Biochar: An Optimization Study

In this work, we proposed and tested a method for utilizing agricultural waste and alum sludge as an effective adsorbent to treat poultry wastewater. The product was also targeted to be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Modified biochar was produced from crop residues, sludge from a water treatment plant, and magnesium salt. The produced biochar was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption of ammonia and phosphate in both synthetic and actual poultry wastewater by the produced biochar was conducted. The effect of experimental conditions such as N to P ratio, initial concentrations of ammonium and phosphate, pH, and the amount of biochar on the adsorption capacity for ammonia and phosphate were also investigated. The results from the experiment showed that the best adsorption capacities were 60.64 mgNH4+-N/g and 66.24 mgPO43--P/g, which were produced at the optimum conditions of N to P ratio of 1.25, initial concentration of 90 mg/L, pH 6, and biochar mass of 0.105 g. These results create an opportunity for the effective production of slow-release fertilizer from crop residues and alum sludge for ecological agriculture in the future.

Nutrient recovery through struvite precipitation from anaerobically digested poultry wastewater in an air-lift electrolytic reactor: Process modeling and cost analysis

Anaerobic digested poultry wastewater (ADPW) is characterized by high levels of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), which need to be removed and recovered before the wastewater is discharged into water bodies with advanced nutrient recovery technologies that are cheap and eco-friendly. In this study, an innovative air-lift electrolytic reactor (ALER) with a magnesium anode was developed for phosphate (PO43−) and ammonia–nitrogen (NH3–N) recovery from anaerobically digested poultry wastewater through electrochemical struvite (MgNH4PO4‧ 6H2O) precipitation. Under constant current density (12.4 A/m2) and superficial velocity (107.42 m/h), the maximum removal efficiencies of PO43− and NH3–N were 99.9% and 97.3%, respectively. Kinetic modeling revealed that PO43− and NH3–N removal from the liquid phase by the ALER followed a pseudo-first-order reaction model, with rate constants (k) of 0.0188 min−1 and 0.0143 min−1, respectively. The recovered precipitate was characterized with FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS which also identified that precipitates as high-purity (88.5%) struvite with a mean particle size of 142.95 μm. Mean particle size and size distribution were found to be linearly increased with superficial upflow velocity. The electrical energy consumption per order (EEO) of the ALER was 0.824 kWh/m3, and the space–time yield is achieved at 0.988 kg/m3h with a corresponding operating cost of 3.87 $/m3. The ALER process has proven to be energy efficient in nutrient recovery from ADPW with struvite products suitable to be used in agricultural practices.