Poultry Meat Products Research Articles

MEAT CONSUMPTION IN UKRAINE: REALITIES AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT

These studies analyzed the structure of meat production, outlined the share of sales of meat and meat products produced in Ukraine. The volume of meat export and import in time dynamics was studied in detail. It was established that the meat and meat products consumption fund fully meets the needs of the domestic market. Poultry production dominates in Ukraine. In recent years, our country has turned from an importer of this type of meat into an exporter. Chicken production has a number of competitive advantages compared to other types of meat, including the shortest raw meat procurement cycle and the lowest price. As a result, in recent years, the demand for this type of meat has been steadily growing both on the domestic and global markets. In general, the positive dynamics of poultry meat production in Ukraine indicates prospects for further expansion of its export. The volume of poultry meat exports increased to 459,000 tons. The poultry industry of Ukraine suffered significant losses due to the war and active hostilities, but at the same time, exporters managed to maintain the indicators of foreign sales at a typical level. The standard of living of the population affects the meat market, as an important component of the food market of Ukraine. The most important food products include meat and meat products. It has been studied that despite the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine, producers are increasing the volume of meat products despite the decline of certain industries. The structure of the meat market is undergoing restructuring. Restaurants are expanding their range of poultry dishes. The increase in consumption is due to the growth of demand and the low solvency of the population, as the most available type of meat. However, the growth of citizens' incomes will be a significant factor in increasing the consumption of meat products, which will clearly determine the need to intensify the development of the livestock industry. Prospects for further research should be implemented in the field of development of enterprises participating in the meat products market in Ukraine. Keywords: restaurants, consumption, meat, meat products, export, import.

Genomic characterization of Campylobacter isolates in Huzhou, China.

Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen that causes outbreaks and sporadic gastrointestinal disease, creating a serious disease burden. Campylobacter strains isolated from diarrhea cases (n = 11) and raw poultry meat products (n = 2) in Huzhou, including 11 Campylobacter jejuni and 2 Campylobacter coli strains, were subjected to virulence gene, drug resistance gene, genetic correlation, antibiotic resistance, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses. The 13 Campylobacter isolates were divided into 12 sequence types (STs), one of which was a new ST. The isolated strains contain multiple virulence-related genes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the resistance rate of the 13 isolates to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline was 92.3%. Genome sequencing indicated that all 11 strains of C. jejuni carried the tet(O) and blaOXA resistance genes, and 2 strains of C. coli carried multiple drug resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the 11 C. jejuni isolates from diarrhea patients and food sources are not closely phylogenetically related.

Assessment of Climate Variability on Poultry Production in Nigeria: 1990-2020

This study examined the influence of climate variability on poultry production in Nigeria from 1990-2020. State the broad objective only. This study adopted the quasi-experimental research design. Secondary data were used in the study. The method employed for analyzing the time series data was the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Pre-estimation diagnostics tests were employed to check for stationarity of the data. From the results of the Error Correction Models (ECM’s), average rainfall and Carbon dioxide emission have significant influence on poultry (egg and meat) production in Nigeria. A unit increase in average rainfall brought about -0.4% reduction in egg production, while a unit increase in carbon dioxide emission brought about a -0.27% reduction in egg production. Average rainfall had positive influence on broiler production a unit increase in rainfall increased broiler production by 0.41% and 0.52% at the current and two period lag, while carbon dioxide emission reduced broiler production by -0.16%. The study concluded that climate change do affect poultry production both negatively and positively and recommended that climate smart agricultural practices such as proper ventilation and vaccination should be applied in poultry production to mitigate the negative effects of climate change

Infl uence of change in the energy and amino acid nutritional value of compound feed on the meat productivity of quails

In order to achieve high results when housing of quails, complete feeding has of great importance. The production of poultry meat and its cost depends on feeding. The formation of diets without the use of synthetic amino acid additives is not possible today, especially when trying to reduce the nutritional value and the cost of compound feed. Their use makes it possible to achieve greater fl exibility in the selection of raw materials, high availability of these substances while saving expensive food resources and a lower cost of the diet. At the same time, the reduction in the cost of the diet should not adversely affect its usefulness and the resulting products. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of changes in the energy and amino acid nutrition of compound feed on the meat productivity and quality of quail meat. The results of using compound feed with an increase in metabolic energy by 41,86 kJ and amino acids (lysine and methionine with cystine) by 10 and 15 %, their impact on livestock indicators, meat productivity, meat quality and economic efficiency of rearing quails of Estonian breed have been presented in the article. The change in the nutritional value of compound feed of the experimental groups contributed to a decrease in the cost of 1 ton of compound feed by 10,6–12,2 %, an increase in the slaughter yield by 0,7–1,1 abs.%, obtaining a greater yield of meat and proceeds from its sale by 0,7–2,5 %, reducing the cost of rearing by 1,8–2,9 % and the cost of 1 kg of meat by 2,5–5,2 %. It was found that the use of experimental compound feed recipes had an impact on lipid metabolism in the quail body. Thus, nutrients were spent on the growth of muscle tissue, and not on the deposition of abdominal fat: more muscle mass was obtained by 5,87 and 4,76 % and significantly less accumulation of abdominal fat in quails of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 67,74 % (p < 0,01) and 44,09 % (p < 0,05).

Low transfer of cadmium, lead and aflatoxin B1 to eggs and meat of laying hens receiving diets with black soldier fly larvae reared on contaminated substrates

Replacing soybeans with insects in egg and poultry meat production could improve environmental sustainability. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have a favorable nutrient composition and can be reared on low-grade waste, but this is associated with the risk of feed and food contamination. The aim of this study was to assess the transfer of selected contaminants from larval substrates to poultry-derived food. Two different control substrates were used. Substrate CCH (produced in Switzerland) was based on side streams approved for insect rearing in the European Union (EU), while substrate CIND (produced in Indonesia) included non-EU approved waste. In addition, substrate CIND was spiked with either heavy metals (HM; 1.9 mg cadmium and 18.8 mg lead/kg dry matter (DM)) or 1.5 mg aflatoxin B1/kg DM (AF)). The larvae fed HM contained 7 mg cadmium and 16 mg lead/kg DM. These values were about 30 times the concentrations of cadmium and 30–60 times the concentrations of lead found on average in the BSFL reared with the two non-spiked substrates. Although substrate AF contained 842 μg aflatoxin B1/kg DM as analysed, the AF larvae contained only 4 μg aflatoxin B1/kg DM. Larval meals were integrated at 200 g/kg in two control diets (diets CCH and CIND) and two diets based on contaminated BSFL (diets HM and AF) designed for late-laying hens (n = 9/treatment). After feeding these diets for 4 weeks, the hens were slaughtered. Diet HM and AF did not affect laying performance or egg quality compared with the control diets. In the body tissue, the cadmium concentrations (per kg DM) were nearly doubled by diet HM in the breast meat (13.3 μg), kidneys (12.3 mg) and liver (1.86 mg) compared to diet CIND. The same diet increased lead in kidneys from below 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg DM. No lead was detected in the meat and eggs, and no cadmium was found in the eggs. In conclusion, despite cadmium and lead also occurring in BSFL meals of CCH and CIND, the levels in all corresponding hen-based feed and food materials were below the maximum content, except for the kidneys. The aflatoxin B1 level of diet AF (1 μg/kg DM) suggests that the risk might also be small when BSFL are reared on moldy substrate containing aflatoxin-producing fungi. In conclusion, postconsumer waste apparently poses a lower risk than expected in poultry food chains for these contaminants when used as larval substrate.

Antibiotic resistance in Italian poultry meat production chain: a one-health perspective comparing antibiotic free and conventional systems from the farming to the slaughterhouse

In this study a multidisciplinary approach was applied in order to determine the diffusion of resistant bacteria and selected antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic-free and conventional broiler farms. Litter samples coming from the two farming types and surface sponges obtained from carcasses at slaughterhouse level were screened by end-point PCR targeting specific resistance for tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, carbapenem, nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, lincomycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol molecules. Microbiological investigations were conducted from the carcasses to determine phenotypical and genetic resistance patterns from pathogenic and commensal Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. At farm level, catA1, sul2, blaTEM and aadA2 genes were amplified in all samples, while from carcasses the most representative genes were sul2, blaTEM, along with the vatD, relative to quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance. Gram-negative isolates included Aeromonas, Salmonella, Proteus spp. And Escherichia coli, while the Gram-positive were represented by Enterococcus strains. Phenotypical and genetic analysis revealed multidrug resistance patterns in Salmonella, E. coli and Serratia isolates, followed by the Enterococcus species. The comparison between antibiotic-free and conventional farming systems showed some difference regarding the distribution of resistance genes at farm level but no significance was obtained comparing the phenotypical resistance profiles of bacterial strains from both groups of samples, suggesting a poor influence of farming model on the diffusion of antibiotic resistance in poultry meat production chain.

Chicken Manure Pretreatment for Enhancing Biogas and Methane Production

The objective of this work was to determine the potential of chicken manure as a substrate for biogas production after pretreatment. The effects of removing excess nitrogen from chicken manure by water extraction in a temperature range from 20 °C to 60 °C to increase methane production were investigated. The dynamics of the process and efficiency of biogas production were also analyzed. As a result of manure fermentation after pretreatment, 16 to 45% more biogas and 18 to 39% more methane were obtained compared to manure without pretreatment. The effect of extraction was to increase the ratio of carbon to nitrogen by 2–2.7 times, which contributed to increasing biogas efficiency. The proposed method seems to be a promising enhancing of biogas and methane production in comparison with raw chicken manure. Biomass in the form of chicken manure is a promising substrate for biogas production, due to the constantly growing poultry meat production as well as environmental aspects such as reducing gas emissions from manure into the atmosphere.

Mechanically deboned poultry meat and its role in rational and efficient use of raw materials

The growth in poultry meat production is a worldwide trend. Industrial poultry meat processing is also developing with production of a wide range of products. The technology of mechanical deboning of poultry meat and carcass parts is widely used in complex non-waste production. Mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) is believed to be of inferior quality and its use is restricted by certain rules in different countries of the world. At the same time, hand separated meat is accepted as conventional meat and is not subjected to any restrictions. Over the last decades, the technology and equipment have been created that allow approximating MDPM to the category “meat” in terms of quality characteristics and reducing risks in its use upon reduction of pressure in the process of its production. However, costs of new equipment that enables producing a product with higher quality do not provide the expected efficiency, and a positive effect will be achieved only in the case of clear legal solutions regarding separation of MDPM types and methods of their classification and identification. The volume of scientific publications concerning a solution to this problematic theme is significant and scientists from many countries search for approaches to its realization differently. The difficulty in finding a solution is caused by the multifaceted nature of the problem, the character of non-standardized raw materials, a type of equipment being used to obtain different MDPM types, and various methods of investigations. Nevertheless, the performed studies create conditions for improvement of the approach to classification of different MDPM types by the production method and maximum allowable threshold values of the main standardized parameters, assessment methods, detection of their characteristics and substantiation of terminology.

The influence of heat treatment type on the fat component and heterocyclic aromatic amines formation in minced poultry meat products

In this study the influence of heat treatment type on the change in the fatty acid composition, indices and parameters of fat oxidation, the level of heterocyclic amines formation in the chopped poultry ready-to-eat products enriched with ω‑3 fatty acids and an antioxidant complex were studied. The composition of ingredients and recipes of ready-to-eat products are developed with consideration of the medical and biological requirements for the diets of oncological patients. These ready-to-eat products feature some antioxidant substances in their composition that can bind free radicals, and provide for a reduction in the risk of carcinogens formation during the manufacturing process. The heat treatment was run in several ways, also called as modes — cooking in a microwave oven (MW), cooking in a convection oven in the “convection” mode with preliminary short-term roasting, steam cooking. For comparison, the conventional, i. e. not enriched food sample was used as a control one. The introduction of ω‑3 fatty acids into the food formulation made it possible to change the fatty acid composition towards increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). It was found that the profile of fatty acids was influenced by both the ingredients of the product and the type of its heat treatment. The joint use of a PUFA source and a complex of antioxidants made it possible to obtain a ready-to-eat product with a high level of ω‑3; and to ensure the ratio of ω‑6 group acids: ω‑3 ratio amounts to 1–2:1. Heat treatment of enriched semi-finished products by microwave cooking and by steam cooking showed a lesser effect on the change in the content and composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids — the loss of fatty acids was 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively, while in the “convection” cooking mode with preliminary roasting this loss was equal to 3.5%. It was found that the antioxidant complex in the composition of the food product and gentle heat treatment methods cause less lipid peroxidation and the formation of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) during the food manufacturing process.

Poultry meat market: world experience, import, export

Poultry products are popular on all continents. In addition to economic factors (the cheapest), poultry meat is healthy, nutritious, safe and the most affordable among other meat products. The goal is to develop priority areas for the poultry meat market in the context of ensuring the country's food security based on an analysis of the main trends in its development. The objects of research are the economic processes of the world production of poultry meat products. The following methods were used – abstract-logical, comparative analysis, economic-statistical. Results – the current situation in this sub-complex of the republic and in the world is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the features of the commodity-geographical structure of the industry. The experience of international trade, pricing factors were studied. The composition and structure of imports and exports are outlined, criteria are identified that restrain the growth of volumes of this type of domestic meat products, as well as exports; proposals were made to expand the range of goods. The authors state the need to modernize production facilities. The importance of state support based on concessional lending is shown. Problems have been identified that require exemption from taxation of enterprises in this area, financial assistance in food certification, attracting investors to scientific research, equipping with the latest equipment, and improving technologies for obtaining environmentally friendly organic products. It is noted that the development of the poultry meat market is economically beneficial and there are significant potential opportunities for its expansion in Kazakhstan. Conclusions – it is substantiated that in a developing economic environment it is important that enterprises remain competitive. Manufacturers are now realizing the benefits of participating in the global economy. To this end, it is necessary to improve the regulatory framework and ensure that Kazakh products comply with international standards. Quality raw materials need to be available to manufacturers of poultry meat products. To do this, it is necessary to grow the required livestock through the development of the domestic base of selection and genetic centers, which will expand the range of food on the consumer market.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL POULTRY PRODUCTS MARKETS

One of the most efficient branches of the agro-industrial complex is the poultry industry, which provides the highest yield per unit of spent material and technical resources. The poultry industry is characterized by the absence of seasonality in production, which ensures uniform income and use of labor resources, as well as uninterrupted supply of products to the population. The most important factor in the development of the industry is the existence of a balanced market. In the conditions of significant import dependence that remains, improving the formation of the domestic market for poultry products is one of the urgent tasks of science and practice, the solution of which will allow to saturate the market with dietary and high-quality food products. The article substantiates the factors of the rapid growth of production of poultry products: the lowest costs compared to other types of livestock for obtaining an increase of 1 kg of live weight; activation of investment investments; technical and technological renewal of the material base and expansion of production capacities; quality improvement of genetic material; use of modern marketing tools; state of supply and demand; competitive environment; favorable characteristics of the geographical, natural-climatic and demographic aspects of the placement of regional markets; Orientation when placing poultry enterprises on vertical integration, including proximity to the fodder base; state financial support of the industry. The production of poultry meat during 2000-2023 and chicken eggs was analyzed. A detailed review of the supply of poultry products on the markets and the reasons for its change during 2021-2023 was conducted. The state and prospects for the development of export-import operations on regional poultry markets and Ukraine’s participation in these processes are disclosed. It is well-founded that future success is determined by planning all business processes not for the long term; the existence/absence of grain agreements at the international level; the conjuncture of similar foreign goods and world prices compared to national offers; prolongation of state financial support for the industry; natural and climatic conditions of the coming years, which determine, together with the innovation and investment renewal of enterprises in the industry, the prospects for feed prices, production volumes, product prices and consumer demand volumes.

The use of non-traditional feed products in the diets of broiler chickens under the conditions of the south of Russia

The territory of the Republic of Adygea is very favorable for intensive grain production. However, in recent years, there has been a steady trend of increasing average annual air temperatures in this subject of the south of Russia, droughts are increasingly occurring. At the same time, the yield of grain crops is falling. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the introduction of triticale, sorghum and rapeseed grains (presscake and meal) into feed production, which are more resistant to adverse climatic factors compared to traditional cereals (wheat, barley and corn) and oilseeds (soy, sunfl ower). The purpose of the research was to experimentally substantiate the use of non-traditional feed products in the diets of broiler chickens under the conditions of the South of Russia. Under the conditions of the arid zone of the south of Russia, the eff ectiveness of using non-traditional grain crops (drought-resistant triticale varieties) in the formulation of compound feeds for broiler chickens, the use of rapeseed meal in compound feeds containing triticale and the use of methods to increase the effi ciency of using complete compound feeds containing non-traditional components has been experimentally substantiated. It has been established that under the conditions of the arid climate of the south of Russia, without prejudice to the economic and biological indicators, broiler chickens with a twophase type of feeding should include triticale grain (in the fi rst phase at a dose of 10,0 %, in the second phase at a dose of 16,4 % by weight of compound feed) and rapeseed meal (in the fi rst phase at a dose of 14,0 %, in the second phase at a dose of 16,0 % by weight of compound feed) instead of a similar amount of traditional and more expensive soy and sunflower meal. This contributed to a reduction in costs per 1 kg of gain of 5,56 rubles and the increase in the profitability of poultry meat production by 3,70 abs.%.

1843-PUB: Epidemiological Investigation on Diet and Drugs of Adult Diabetes Mellitus in Guangdong Province

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of adult diabetes, and effect of food composition on blood glucose in Guangdong Province. Methods: The data of this study were from the China DiaChronic Study. This study investigated diabetic patients in eight urban and rural centers in Guangdong Province. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and fundus photography were carried out, and blood and urine indexes were measured. All 1621 subjects were finally included. Results: (1) The prevalence rates of obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper LDL-C, were 15.8%, 37.9%, 50.5% and 79.3% respectively. The prevalence rates of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy were 33.6% and 16.7% respectively. The treatment rate of subjects was 93.6%, and the compliance rate of HbA1c of them was 49%. (2) In all subjects, the median of total caloric intake of food was 1660 kcal/d, of which grains account for the most with 810 kcal, and milk were the least with 0 kcal. Men's caloric intake in grains, livestock meat, poultry meat and aquatic products were significantly higher than that of women, while women's caloric intake in potatoes and milk were significantly higher than that of men (P<0.05). The caloric intake of grains, vegetables and livestock meat in rural were significantly higher than that in urban, while the caloric intake of miscellaneous grains, potatoes, beans, fruits, milk, poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs and nuts in urban areas were higher than that in rural areas (P<0.05). For subjects with HbAIc<6.5%, the energy intake of vegetables, fruits, poultry meat and eggs was significantly higher than that of them with HbA1c>6.5% (P<0.05). Conclusion: Despite patients try to control blood glucose, half of them have poor blood glucose control. At present, the diet of rural residents mainly include grains, vegetables and livestock meat. Vegetables, fruits, poultry and eggs may be beneficial to blood glucose control, which needs further research to confirmation. Disclosure X.Chen: None. W.Jiang: None. F.Xiong: None. L.Yang: None. W.Xu: None. L.Zeng: None. S.Te china national diabetic chronic complications : n/a.

Comparative effectiveness of antimicrobials in experimental infection of chicks with salmonella infantis

Salmonellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses. Control of salmonellosis is becoming a matter of great importance as the number of cases of Salmonella infection increases, new Salmonella serovars emerge and the bacteria contaminate food products and environment easily. Salmonella infantis is one of the most common serovars among those isolated recently from poultry products and meat products and that translates into need to develop new and effective treatment methods concerning infection caused by this serovar. In the present publication we study the comparative effectiveness of different antimicrobials selected for therapy of chicks, which have been experimentally infected with Salmonella infantis. For the experiment we employed as many as 275 Hisex Brown chicks which we had divided into 11 groups (n = 25 in each group). We administered the drugs via drinking water at a concentration 200 mg/L for 5 days. The treatment began 24 hours before the challenge. On the second day of life the chicks were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 1.5 x 10^8 CFUs of one-day old agar culture of S. infantis in 0.5 mL isotonic saline (1 McFarland). The observation period in the experiment was 15 days following the drug withdrawal. The study of comparative effectiveness of aforementioned drugs for treatment of chicks, infected with S. infantis, demonstrated the highest therapeutic effectiveness of fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobials. The survival rate for the chicks, receiving enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, was 96 %. The survival rate for the chicks, receiving ofloxacin per os, was 92 %. Tilmicosin and chloramphenicol showed lower therapeutic effectiveness, 44 % and 36 % respectively. When we used tylosin, amoxycillin, doxycycline or apramycin, the results were at their worst as the mortality rate of the chicks was 80-96 %.

Evaluation of different poultry meat products available in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad

Evaluation of different poultry meat products available in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad

An Investigation on the Effects of Partial Replacement of Rapeseed Cake in Ayrshire Dairy Heifers' Diets with By-Product Source of Animal Protein on Body Weight Dynamics, Nutrient Balancing, and Blood Biochemical Markers.

Recently, the secondary use of by-products of the processing industry resulting from the production of poultry meat, which can be included in animal diets, has become a popular topic in the feed industry. For studying the effects of partial replacement of rapeseed cake (RC) with the by-product source of animal protein concentrate Agro-Matic (PCAM) on growth dynamics, nutrient absorption and nitrogen balance, as well as blood biochemical parameters during the growing period, a total of 48 Russian Ayrshire dairy heifers were selected for this experiment and they were divided into three experimental groups (16 in each group, including the control group). The heifers of the control group were fed the basal diet which contained rapeseed cake (30%), while the second (RC + PCAM) and third groups (PCAM + RC) were fed the basal diet after replacing a part of the rapeseed cake with 2.25% and 4.5% of protein concentrate Agro-Matic respectively. The results showed that the weight of heifers treated with PCAM at 3 months of age exceeded the control by 2.3 kg (p > 0.05) in group 2 by 4.4 kg (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained at the age of 6 months of raising. Feeding 4.50% protein concentrate Agro-Matic has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients; in particular, there was a significant increase in the digestibility of crude protein in the PCAM + RC group (77.23 vs. 73.42%) compared with the control group. Moreover, a similar trend was found in the digestibility of nitrogen in the diet. At the age of 3 months, heifers showed a significant decrease in the concentration of ketone bodies in the second group (1.82 vs. 2.20 mmol/L) relative to the control group. Urea was significantly lower in the RC + PCAM group (5.05 vs. 6.62 mmol/L) relative to the PCAM + RC group, while acid capacity (alkaline reserve) was higher by 2.41% (p < 0.05) relative to the control. In the 10th month of age, a positive effect on the blood of heifers was observed, as in the second and the third experimental groups, β-globulin and phosphorus increased (p < 0.05), while in the second group aspartate aminotransferase decreased (p < 0.05). Consequently, replacing the rapeseed cake with the protein concentrate Agro-Matic revealed an improvement in the dynamics of growth, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance, and it has an effect on improving some biochemical parameters of the blood.

Color Machine Vision Design Methodology of a Part-Presentation Algorithm for Automated Poultry Handling

This article offers an image processing method to optimize the design of a three-level color machine vision algorithm illustrated in the context of presenting a whole chicken carcass for subsequent handling, which overcomes some common problems in image segmentation, feature identification, and pose estimation for classifying, identifying, and locating poultry meat products. First, artificial color contrast and principal component analysis are optimized to enhance the contrast between similar colors to extract targeted regions more effectively. Second, the boundaries of poultry products are mostly smooth curves that are proposed as features for object recognition. Third, image feature points are found using template matching, from which the object (size, location, and pose) can be accurately determined. The algorithm simplifies the complex edges of a poultry product into a finite number of arc-centers, which greatly improves the efficiency/accuracy of the matching for part-presentation. Evaluated with 100 randomly posed samples, the algorithm has a success rate of 93%. The 7% failures were primarily due to missing points, which can be eliminated by incorporating more template points.

Neželene spremembe prsne mišičnine pri pitovnih piščancih

V svetovnem merilu perutninsko meso predstavlja cenovno dostopen in kakovosten vir beljakovin, zato se je v zadnjih desetletjih povečala njegova prireja. Slednje smo dosegli z intenzivno selekcijo pitovnih piščancev na hitro rast, učinkovitejše izkoriščanje krme, povečan delež prsne mišičnine in manjši delež trebušne maščobe. Na drugi strani so tako intenzivna selekcija in zahteve po večji prireji, kot tudi nekateri zunanji stresni dejavniki, ki vključujejo neželene spremembe v okolju, prehranskem režimu, tehnologiji reje in nepravilne postopke ravnanja z živalmi pred zakolom, povzročili večjo dovzetnost živali za oksidativni stres, ki poslabšuje senzorične in tehnološke lastnosti perutninskega mesa. Posledice hitrega povečevanja prsne mišičnine pri pitovnih piščancih in intenzivne tehnologije reje se kažejo v naraščajočem trendu pojavnosti različnih neželenih sprememb piščančjega mesa oziroma miopatij. Med najpogostejše miopatije spadajo miopatija globoke prsne mišice, bledo, mehko in vodeno meso, bela progavost prsne mišice, olesenelost prsne mišičnine ter špagetasto meso, ki prizadenejo predvsem veliko prsno mišico in poslabšujejo njene senzorične in tehnološke lastnosti. Prav tako omenjene spremembe prsne mišičnine poslabšujejo kakovost in prehransko vrednost mesa ter vplivajo na sprejemljivost mesa za potrošnike in nedvomno povzročajo ekonomske izgube v živilsko-predelovalni industriji.

A REVIEW ON AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTION IN NEPAL

Poultry meat is one of the dynamic Agriculture subsector in Nepal which accounts about 4% of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This review was done to study the population, production (egg and meat) and distribution of poultry in Nepal. In order to meet the demand of poultry produce, the commercial poultry production has increased about more than double the last decade. Nepal lies at 112th position for chicken meat production of world, which is at the 92nd for egg production in world. The recent data of 2021/22 shows the poultry meat production is 65,387 tonnes growing at an average annual rate of 6.60%. The cost of production includes variable cost and fixed cost, Various investment patterns in farms their respective values and worked out the level of significance was analyzed. The analysis of net return was differed significantly with farm size with higher net return in large farm so that the result reveal that large farm has higher mass of meat production and lower feed conversion rate indicating higher profit margin with enlarge in farm size. it was concluded that the poultry Meat producing farms are profitable and they possesses high growth potentials which are achievable through increased investment and proper management of identified constraints and recommended that broiler farmers should increase their flock size, develop the skills of record keeping and feed formulation to reduce feed cost.

Environmental life cycle assessment of Finnish broiler chicken production – Focus on climate change and water scarcity impacts

The production and consumption of poultry meat increases in Finland, but no updated information on the impact of broiler production on climate change has been available, and the impacts of broiler production on water scarcity have never been studied. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology was applied to quantify the climate change and water scarcity impacts of Finnish broiler chicken meat. For water scarcity, the AWARE method was applied for the first time as a characterisation method in broiler chicken production. To harmonize the LCA calculation, the European Commission's Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) guidelines were followed when applicable. The comprehensive primary data accounted for 89% of Finnish broiler chicken production in 2018. The climate impact of Finnish broiler chicken meat was found to be 2.37 kg CO2 eq./kg of carcass weight (CW), including the effect of land use change (LUC), and 1.82 kg CO2 eq./kg of CW, excluding LUC. The relative share of the feed chain of the climate change impact of Finnish chicken meat was almost four fifths (79%). The water scarcity impact of Finnish chicken meat was 0.55 m3 eq. (AWARE)/kg CW. More than four fifths (82%) of the water scarcity impact of broiler production are formed in the feed chain. In addition to the national-level results, farm-specific results were calculated for 20 farms to indicate the variation and targets for improvements. In this study, we demonstrated that feeds were even more important in the water scarcity impact category.