Poultry Consumption Research Articles

Non-Linear Association of Exercise with Animal Protein Consumption among U.S. Adults.

Supply chain disruptions, human and animal health concerns, and environmental impacts of livestock production have spurred renewed attention to animal protein consumption in the U.S. Prior research has sought to better understand animal protein consumption by assessing demographic and socioeconomic determinants. However, physical exercise represents a behavioral determinant of consumption that is societally important and, thus far, has not been considered in empirical assessments. Our objective was to quantify the association of exercise with the consumption of total protein, beef, pork, poultry, seafood, eggs, and dairy among U.S. adults. We analyzed 24 h dietary recall and physical activity data from adults in the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The association of exercise with protein consumption (total and disaggregated animal protein) was assessed using ordinary least squares and multivariate Tobit regression. Non-linear associations of exercise with total protein consumption were found, with the magnitude of association highest at 121-180 min per day of exercise. Non-linear associations were also found with animal protein consumption, which differed in sign and magnitude across protein sources. The magnitudes of association, paired with a sizable share of the study sample engaged in exercise, suggest a substantial influence of exercise on protein consumption habits in the U.S.

Analysis of actual nutrition of schoolchildren at different age periods

Introduction. A healthy, balanced diet can provide the child with nutritional protection from adverse environmental factors and helps to prevent diseases. Lack of continuity in nutrition at school and at home creates a deficit in the diet supply of nutrients necessary for a growing body. The purpose of the investigation is to study the actual nutrition of a group of schoolchildren at different age periods (in the dynamics of 10 years). Materials and methods. Actual nutrition of a group of schoolchildren in the dynamics over 2009 and 2019. The sample consisted of one hundred fifty 7-years children and the same children aged 17 years (124 children). Actual nutrition was studied using menu-layouts (at school) and the method of 24-hour (daily) nutrition reproduction (at home). Results. With age, there is a more pronounced imbalance in the supply of basic nutrients in the diet, associated with excess consumption of fats (7–25%), lack of carbohydrates, deficiency of dietary fibers (15–20%), a number of minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron) and vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, PP). Average daily food rations are unbalanced. The structure of children’s food sets becomes more irrational with increasing age. Regardless of the period of the study, diets are deficient in the level of consumption of milk, fish, vegetables, and fruits, and excessive in the level of consumption of foods with high energy value. In dynamics, the percentage of children with the recommended level of consumption of poultry is decreasing by 4.3 times, fish – by 3.8 times, milk – by 3 times, fermented milk products – by 2.6 times, cottage cheese and sour cream – by 2 times, butter and vegetable – 15.4 and 6.8 times, respectively. Limitations. This study is limited to a sample of a group of schoolchildren studying from the 1st to the 11th grade (in the dynamics with a ten-year interval). Conclusion. Persistent long-term violations of the basics of a healthy balanced diet by children create a probable risk of developing diseases in children in the future caused by nutritional factors, and can also be predictors of the development of pathological conditions and diseases in adulthood.

Consumption of Meats and Fish in Poland during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have significantly impacted the quality of life of society in many countries in various aspects. The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the consumption of meat and fish in society in Poland as well as the factors that determined these changes. The cross-sectional study was conducted using an original online questionnaire between 8th and 18th of April 2020. The subjects were selected randomly. The target population were adults living in Poland. The inclusion criterion for the study was the age of at least 18 years and consent to selfless participation in the study. Communication via social media such as Facebook or Instagram was used to enroll more participants from different socio-demographic subgroups. The questionnaire was divided into two parts-the first part contained questions about sex, age, body mass, body height, residence, level of education, and occupation, and the second part consisted of specific questions about the consumption frequency of different kinds of meat during the COVID-19 lockdown period (in comparison to the time before the pandemic). A total of 3888 people took part in the study including 84.54% women, with an average age of 30.17 ± 9.22 years. The frequency of poultry consumption increased, while for pork, beef, ham and other meat products as well as fish and seafood it declined. The factors that influenced the change in dietary patterns during the lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic included age, body mass index, gender, place of residence, and type of work performed. However, no relationship was found between the change in meat and fish consumption during the pandemic and the level of education and form of employment during the pandemic.

Clean and green bioconversion – a comprehensive review on black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae for converting organic wastes to quality products

Abstract Food security remains a pressing global concern, exacerbated by population growth, diminishing agricultural lands, and climate uncertainties. As the demand for high-quality protein sources like eggs, meat, and milk escalates, conventional feed ingredients face challenges in meeting the burgeoning needs of livestock production. The projected increase in poultry and pig consumption further strains the availability of protein-rich feed sources, necessitating sustainable alternatives. Insects, notably black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), offer numerous advantages, including efficiently converting organic substrates into high-quality protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins. Their rapid reproduction, minimal environmental footprint, and ability to thrive on various organic materials make them an attractive protein source. However, consumer acceptance remains a hurdle, hindering their direct consumption despite their nutritional value. Incorporating BSFL into animal diets, especially poultry and swine, demonstrates promising results regarding growth and production. This review comprehensively overviews BSFL production systems, processing techniques, and nutritional profiles. Various factors influencing BSFL growth and feed quality are discussed, highlighting the importance of optimizing breeding systems and feed formulations. Processing methods are elucidated to ensure the safety and quality of BSFL-based products. Nutritional analysis reveals BSFL as a rich source of essential amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals, making them suitable replacements for soybean meal and fish meal. Despite the economic and environmental benefits of BSFL utilization, challenges persist, including regulatory issues, consumer perceptions, and production scalability. Standardized production protocols and legislative frameworks are needed to facilitate the widespread adoption of BSFL in animal feed industries. In conclusion, integrating BSFL into animal diets presents a promising solution to address protein shortages in livestock production while promoting sustainable resource utilization.

Evaluation of risk factors related to sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis using a nomogram model.

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors related to sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis using a nomogram model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a hospital in Zhejiang province, China from January 1, 2020, to November 31, 2022 among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Dietary intake was assessed applying a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Evaluation of risk factors related to sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis was using a nomogram model. This study included 201 patients and 87 individuals (43.3%, 87/201) exhibited sleep disorders. The average age of included patients was 51.1 ± 9.0 years, with males accounting for 55.7% (112/201). Results from nomogram model exhibited that potential risk factors for sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis included female, advanced age, increased creatinine and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as higher red meat consumption. Inversely, protective factors against sleep disorders in these patients included higher consumption of poultry, fish, vegetables, and dietary fiber. The C-index demonstrated a high level of discriminative ability (0.922). This study found that age, sex, and dietary factors were associated with sleep disorders in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients with sleep disorders require urgent dietary guidance.

Poultry consumption and perceptions in Tehsil Shakargarh, Punjab, Pakistan: Implications for public health during COVID-19

This study investigated the habits and attitudes of individuals towards poultry consumption, utilizing primary data collected through a survey of 5 households from 285 localities in Tehsil Shakargarh, Punjab, Pakistan (n = 1425). Household selection was randomized, and personal visits were conducted for data collection via formal interviews employing a structured questionnaire. Coordinates for each site were obtained using a Garmin eTrex device, in conjunction with meteorological data, to determine global positioning system (GPS) coordinates. A notable portion of respondents (38.8 %) possessed basic knowledge, while the majority (61.2 %) demonstrated intermediate knowledge regarding commercial broilers (chickens raised for meat production). A significant proportion (70.3 %) harbored misconceptions about the inclusion of hormones/antibiotics in poultry feed, with a minority (0.2 %) misinformed about broiler chickens' leg weakness. Some respondents (17.3 %) held both misconceptions, while others (12.2 %) had none. The majority (97.6 %) favored egg consumption, with 51.7 % preferring commercial chicken eggs and 48.3 % opting for domestic chicken eggs. Preference for white-colored eggs (51.5 %) slightly outweighed that for brown-colored eggs (48.5 %). A minority (1.3 %) speculated that poultry consumption could be a potential cause of COVID-19, while the majority (65.7 %) disagreed, and a portion (33.0 %) remained uncertain. Nearly all respondents (99.9 %) believed in the immunity-boosting properties of protein intake, with 65 % associating such benefits with poultry meat and eggs. Similarly, 99.7 % did not encounter difficulties in accessing poultry products during lockdowns. Approximately half (46.3 %) of respondents believed that consuming well-cooked and safely handled poultry meat was safe during outbreaks. Poultry meat and eggs emerged as potentially efficient sources of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for protein-deficient populations like Pakistan. Therefore, initiatives should focus on enhancing commercial poultry production and educating the populace about its advantages.

Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

BackgroundFood insecurity affects diet and nutrition intakes. We explored the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intakes in a group of Iranian women.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was performed on 190 healthy females aged 20–55 years attending primary healthcare centers in Shiraz. Food insecurity was evaluated by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, which is a validated tool for assessing food insecurity in developing countries. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association of dietary patterns and food insecurity was assessed by linear regression.ResultsAssessment of dietary intakes revealed that consumption of red meat, poultry, fish, dairy, fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and nuts decreased whereas that of grains, processed meats, potato, and sugary foods increased with increasing food insecurity. Among nutrients, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium decreased while fat and sodium increased as food insecurity increased. Three major dietary patterns were detected. Healthy dietary patterns showed inverse associations with food insecurity in the crude (β = -0.422 and − 0.435, P < 0.001) and adjusted (adjusted for age, marital status, and educational level) (β = -0.475 and − 0.341, P < 0.001) models of regression analysis but unhealthy pattern did not show an association with food insecurity. Compared to food secure participants, a higher percentage of food insecure individuals indicated unhealthy eating habits, such as skipping breakfast, lower snack ingestion, more fast and fried food consumption, and using unhealthy cooking methods.ConclusionOverall, this study showed that food insecurity was associated with less healthy diet and unhealthy cooking and eating habits.

Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in breast milk in Shanghai, China: Occurrence, characteristics, and risk assessment

As novel contaminants, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) have been of great concern in the past several years. Shanghai was one of the provinces with the largest chlorinated paraffins (CPs) emission in China; nevertheless, there is currently little information on the human exposure to SCCPs and MCCPs, particularly MCCPs. In this study, 25 breast milk samples were collected in Shanghai from 2016 to 2017. The concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were determined using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC × GC-orbitrap-HRMS) to investigate their characteristics and assess the associated health risks for breast-fed infants. Compared with the previous studies in other areas, the current study presented the higher CPs concentrations, with median concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs up to 771 and 125 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. The exposure profiles of the CPs were characterized by C10 and Cl6-7 as the predominant congeners of SCCPs, while C14 and Cl7–9 were identified as the dominant groups of MCCPs. CP-42 and CP-52 were identified as potential sources of CPs found in breast milk samples collected in Shanghai. The concentrations of MCCPs exhibited a positive correlation (p value < 0.05) with the dietary consumption of meat and poultry. No significant positive correlations were observed for SCCPs and MCCPs with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) congeners. A preliminary exposure assessment showed that SCCPs in breast milk potentially posed high risks to the breast-fed infants in Shanghai.

Dietary patterns and adiposity over time - analysis of the ELSA-Brasil.

Combining different statistical methods to identify dietary patterns (DP) may provide new insights on how diet is associated with adiposity. This study investigated the association of DP derived from three data-driven methods and adiposity indicators over time. This study used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). DP were identified at baseline applying three statistical methods: Factor Analysis (FA), Treelet Transform (TT), and Reduced Rank Regression (RRR). The association between DP and adiposity indicators (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage and fat mass index) over the period of 8.2 years of follow-up was assessed by linear mixed-models. Convenience DP, marked by unhealthy food groups, was associated with higher adiposity over the follow-up period, regardless of the method applied. The DP identified by TT and marked by high consumption of rice and beans was associated with lower adiposity, whereas the similar DP identified by FA, but additionally characterised by consumption of poultry and red meat was associated with higher adiposity. Prudent DP, marked by plant-based food groups and fish, identified by FA was associated with lower adiposity across the median follow-up time. Applying different methods to identify DP showed that a convenience DP was associated with higher adiposity independent of the method applied. We also identified the nuances within adherence to a Brazilian traditional dietary pattern characterised by the consumption of rice and beans, that only when combined with reduced consumption of animal protein and unhealthy foods was associated with lower adiposity over time.

Dietary intake is associated with the prevalence of uterine leiomyoma in Korean women: A retrospective cohort study.

Uterine leiomyoma (UL), the most prevalent benign gynecologic tumor among reproductive-aged women, lacks sufficient research on the potential association between dietary intake and its occurrence in Korean women. Addressing this research gap, this study aims to evaluate the potential link between dietary intake and the prevalence of UL in Korean women. In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 672 women, aged 23 to 73, were enrolled, with 383 (57%) being premenopausal. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and UL presence was determined through ultrasonography. The analysis focused exclusively on items within ten categories, including vegetables/fruit, vegetables, fruits, red meat, processed meat, poultry, fish, dairy product, milk, and alcohol. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between dietary intake and the prevalence of UL, calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for confounding factors. Within the total cohort, 220 (32.7%) women were diagnosed with UL. High intakes of fish and poultry showed an association with higher UL prevalence. Odds ratios (95% CIs) for the upper quartiles compared to the lower quartiles were 1.68 (1.01-2.81; p trend = 0.05) for fish intake and 1.87 (1.11-3.17; p trend = 0.06) for poultry intake. Conversely, an inverse relationship emerged between dairy product intake and UL prevalence, with an odds ratio of 0.58 (95% CI 0.35-0.96; p trend = 0.05). Stratifying the analysis by menopausal status revealed a parallel pattern, with heightened UL prevalence with fish intake and reduced prevalence with dairy product intake. However, the link between poultry intake and UL prevalence was primarily observed among postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, elevated vegetable intake was linked to a decreased UL prevalence (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.97 for top vs. bottom quartiles; p trend = 0.01). We found that high consumption of fish and poultry, coupled with low intake of dairy products, correlated with an elevated prevalence of UL. Furthermore, vegetable intake exhibited an inverse relationship with UL prevalence, particularly among premenopausal women.

Associations between meat consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older adults with frailty

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the associations between different types of meat consumption and mortality risk among people with frailty. DesignLongitudinal study. Setting and participantsWe included 19,913 physically frail participants from the UK Biobank. MeasurementsWe used the validated brief food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure meat consumption. Baseline diet data from 2006 to 2010 were collected, and participants were followed up until March 23, 2021. Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted to examine the associations of meat consumption with mortality risk. ResultsWe identified 3,622 all-cause deaths, 1,453 cancer deaths, and 1,663 cardiovascular deaths during a median follow-up time of 11.2 years. Higher consumption of unprocessed poultry (per 25 g/day increment) was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75−0.88), cancer mortality (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74−0.96), and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63−0.81). Consumption of unprocessed red meat had a U-shaped relationship with mortality. Moderate consumption of unprocessed red meat 1.0−1.9 times/week was associated with a 14% (95% CI: 3 %–24%) lower risk of all-cause mortality than the lowest consumption frequency group (0−0.9 times/week). The hazard of cancer and CV mortality was also lower in the 1.0−1.9 times/week group, though the associations were not statistically significant. More frequent consumption of processed meat was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.34) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.42). Fish consumption was not associated with all types of mortality. ConclusionsHigher consumption of processed meat, not fish, was associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, higher consumption of unprocessed poultry and moderate consumption of unprocessed red meat was associated with reduced all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. These findings warrant further investigation to establish optimal dietary patterns for frail individuals.

Potential public health hazards related to consumption of poultry contaminated with antibiotic resistant Listeria monocytogenes in Egypt

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that incorporated into many serious infections in human especially immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, the elderly, and newborns. The consumption of food contaminated with such bacteria is considered a source of potential risk for consumers. Therefore, a total of 250 poultry purchased in highly popular poultry stores besides 50 swabs from workers hands in the same stores, in Mansoura City had been tested for the L. monocytogenes prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance profile illustrating the health hazards from such poultry. The L. monocytogenes were recovered from 9.6% of poultry samples while not detected from workers hand swabs. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24 L. monocytogenes strains against 24 antibiotics of seven different classes revealed high susceptibility rates to erythromycin (79.17%), streptomycin (66.67%), gentamycin (66.67%), vancomycin (58.33%), chloramphenicol (58.33%) and cefotaxime (41.67%). The majority (79.2%) of L. monocytogenes were classified as multidrug resistant strains with high resistance to tetracyclines and β-lactams antibiotics while 16.7% of the strains were categorized as extensively resistant ones. The iap virulence-specific determination gene had been detected in all recovered L. monocytogenes isolates while 83.33 and 70.83% of the isolates harbored hylA and actA genes. In addition, the study confirmed the capability of most L. monocytogenes isolates for biofilm formation by moderate to strong production and the quantitative risk assessment illustrated the risk of developing listeriosis as the risk value exceeded 100. The current results illustrate that poultry meat can be a source of pathogenic antibiotic resistant strains that may cause infection with limited or no treatment in immunosuppressed consumers via the food chain.

China’s Water Footprint on Urban and Rural Food Consumption: A Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Its Driving Factors Analysis from 2000 to 2020

To comprehend the intricate interaction between water resources and food security, it is critical to examine the hidden water footprint (WF) of food consumption and its underlying causes within specific nations or areas. This study investigates the changes in the quality and structure of food consumption in China’s urban and rural areas from 2000 to 2020. Following the calculation of the WF associated with food consumption for both urban and rural populations, this study uses ArcGIS 10.6 software to map the spatial configuration of the provincial per capita WF. Moreover, the random forest model is utilized to uncover the salient determinants influencing the WF of food consumption in urban and rural contexts. Quantitatively, rural populations have witnessed a more pronounced acceleration in their per capita food WF compared with urban entities, with a notable upswing in the proportion of meat and poultry consumption. Spatially, regions exhibiting elevated WF for urban populations have transitioned from the western zones toward the southeast and northeast, whereas a marked east–west dichotomy is evident in rural areas. In terms of drivers, for urban demographics, economic variables emerge as paramount determinants for food WF, while rural areas underscore the prominence of natural and technological parameters. The insights garnered from this investigation bear profound implications for facilitating balanced nutritional intake among China’s urban and rural populations, alleviating food-related water resource pressures, and optimizing water resource utilization.

An Investigation of Meat Eating in Samples from Australia and Germany: The Role of Justifications, Perceptions, and Empathy.

Despite concerns about animal welfare, and health and environmental issues associated with eating meat, meat consumption has continued to increase worldwide, including in Australia. One exception to this is Germany, with 2021 meat consumption levels being the lowest in the last 30 years. This pre-registered study investigated socio-cultural variables associated with meat consumption in Germany (n = 399) and Australia (n = 399) in a cross-sectional online survey. Participants reported levels of current and intended meat consumption, and they completed measures of speciesism, motivations to eat meat, empathy, animal farming perceptions, perceived behavioural control (PBC) over meat eating, and avoidance and dissociation regarding the animal origins of meat. In both Australia and Germany, enjoying the taste of meat positively predicted consumption and empathy towards farmed animals negatively predicted consumption. PBC was a strong positive predictor of intentions to reduce meat consumption in both countries. Empathy and liking the taste of meat were among the best predictors of red meat and poultry consumption, suggesting that interventions to reduce meat consumption may work best by targeting these factors while also increasing people's sense of control over their food choices.

Bio-Mapping Salmonella and Campylobacter Loads in Three Commercial Broiler Processing Facilities in the United States to Identify Strategic Intervention Points.

The poultry industry in the United States is one of the largest in the world. Poultry consumption has significantly increase since the COVID-19 pandemic and is predicted to increase over 16% between 2021 and 2030. Two of the most significant causes of hospitalizations and death in the United States are highly related to poultry consumption. The FSIS regulates poultry processing, enforcing microbial performance standards based on Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in poultry processing establishments. This prevalence approach by itself is not a good indicator of food safety. More studies have shown that it is important to evaluate quantification along with prevalence, but there is not much information about poultry mapping using quantification and prevalence. In this study, enumeration and prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter were evaluated throughout the process at three different plants in the United States. Important locations were selected in this study to evaluate the effect of differences interventions. Even though there were high differences between the prevalences in the processes, some of the counts were not significantly different, and they were effective in maintaining pathogens at safe levels. Some of the results showed that the intervention and/or process were not well controlled, and they were not effective in controlling pathogens. This study shows that every plant environment is different, and every plant should be encouraged to implement a bio-mapping study. Quantification of pathogens leads to appropriate risk assessment, where physical and chemical interventions can be aimed at specific processing points with higher pathogen concentrations using different concentrations of overall process improvement.

Reducing environmental footprints and promoting health: Optimizing dietary structure in China

This paper aims to identify a dietary structure in China that can enhance people's health while significantly reducing environmental footprints. Aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, this study incorporates four essential types of footprints associated with food consumption: land, water, CO2 and CH4 footprints, with particular emphasis on the often-overlooked CH4 footprint, whose warming impact is 25 times greater than that of CO2. Employing the structural decomposition analysis method, we find that, the dietary structure had the most contribution in reducing environmental footprints than those of population size, urbanization rate, and per capita food consumption volume in China after 2018. To assess the environmental impacts of different dietary structures, we set three scenarios: the current dietary structure S0, a developing dietary structure S1, and an optimal dietary structure S2 designed through an optimal model based on the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents (DGCR) 2022. We measure the environmental footprints resulting from residents' dietary structure across the three scenarios for the years 2025 and 2030. The optimal dietary structure in S2, which aligns closely with DGCR 2022, features meat and poultry consumption at 3.59 % and 3.26 % of per capita food consumption volume in 2025 and 2030, cereal and tubers at 20.48 % and 21.20 % and milk and dairy products at 24.47 % and 24.40 % in 2025 and 2030. Comparatively, S2 demonstrates significant reductions in environmental footprints when compared to S0. Specifically, the land, water, CO2 and CH4 footprints caused by residents' food consumption in S2 would drop by 10.50 %, 19.01 %, 14.32 %, 14.32 % respectively in 2025, and by 11.14 %, 19.85 %, 15.27 %, 15.27 % in 2030, respectively. Importantly, the reduced environmental footprints achieved in S2 are >1.8 times greater than those in S1. The findings highlight the potential of the dietary structure in S2 to improve residents' health while concurrently reducing environmental footprints. These results offer a basis for designing effective policies that guide both urban and rural Chinese residents towards healthier and environmentally sustainable dietary choices.

Effects of Dietary Brown Rice and Sake Lees on the Growth Performance and Color of Meat in Broiler Chicks.

In this study, we examined whether brown rice and sake lees (domestic feed ingredients) could replace corn and soybean meal (major imported feed ingredients) in broiler chick feed. In Experiment 1, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two groups and fed a corn-soybean- or a brown rice-soybean-based diet for three weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Dietary brown rice significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Brown rice feeding also significantly increased L* (lightness) in the thigh and significantly decreased a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) in the thigh and b* in the fat. In Experiment 2, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to three groups and fed either a corn-soybean-based diet for 3 weeks, a corn-soybean-based diet for the first 2 weeks followed by a brown rice sake lees-based diet for the last week, or a brown rice sake lees-based diet for 3 weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Replacement of the imported feed ingredients significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. The a* values for the breast, thigh, and fat, and the b* values for the thigh and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 3 weeks. The a* values for the breasts and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 1 week. These results suggest that brown rice and sake lees can be used as replacements for imported feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in broiler chicks without detrimental effects on growth performance. These domestic feed ingredients may benefit local production and consumption of poultry in Japan.

Association between dietary patterns and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 1382 college students in China.

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are common among young women and have been linked to metabolic dysfunction. Limited evidence exists regarding the associations between dietary patterns and PMDs. This cross-sectional study involved young female adults recruited from the Care of Premenstrual Emotion (COPE) cohort study in China to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and PMDs in young adulthood. PMDs were assessed using the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences, and the consumption frequency of 12 common food groups was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. We used principal component analysis to identify the dietary patterns and employed logistic regression to investigate the association between dietary pattern adherence and PMDs. The study included 1382 participants, of whom 337 (24.4%) reported having PMDs. Three dietary patterns were identified and named based on regional food preferences: the Traditional North China Diet (TNCD), the Traditional South China Diet (TSCD), and the Lacto-ovo Vegetarian Diet (LVD). The TSCD, characterized by high consumption of rice, red meat, and poultry, showed a significant inverse association with PMDs. This pattern held good for both premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These findings suggest that targeted dietary modifications could serve as a localized strategy for PMDs prevention.

КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРОБИОТИКА «ПРОЛАКСИМ-В» И СЕЛЕНОСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ПРЕПАРАТА «НУТРИСЕЛ» ПРИ ОТКОРМЕ ИНДЕЙКИ

The industrial cultivation of turkey is a profitable area of agriculture. Turkey care is the same as for many other domestic birds. But the main difference lies in the size of this bird. This is a relatively large poultry. Today, industrial turkey breeding is a very popular business. And its popularity is gradually growing. For profitable meat production, it is necessary to use certain breeds of modern turkeys, which are distinguished by the highest conversion of feed into meat. They consume less food and turn it into meat in a very short time. Each period of the life of a turkey grown on factory farms is controlled in such a way as to maximize the final weight of the turkey in order to make a profit. The industry has increased the number of poultry raised in factories, thanks to breeding, various feed formulations and modern management methods. In modern production, all turkeys grown in factories are bred exclusively by artificial insemination in order to make production as efficient as possible. Turkeys grown at enterprises are too large and muscular to reproduce naturally, so sperm is collected from male turkeys and injected into female turkeys. Feeding turkeys is a serious matter. The food changes several times during the life of the birds. It is always a feed based on corn and soy, but with a different content of additional vitamins and minerals, depending on the stage of growth of turkeys. The texture of the feed also changes as the birds mature. The results of studies on the effect of the combined use of the probiotic «Prolaxim-B» and the seleniumcontaining drug «NutriSel» on the safety of livestock, the growth of experimental poultry and feed consumption per 1 kg of gain, the chemical composition of the total minced meat of the pectoral and femoral muscles are presented. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out on the farm of IP Ermakov on turkeys of the Hybrid Converter cross. To conduct the experiment, a control group and two experimental groups of 250 heads each were formed. The chemical composition of turkey meat was carried out at the age of 120 days

Mudanças no consumo alimentar e na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adultos brasileiros entre 2008 e 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To assess dietary intake and weight status changes among Brazilian adults. Methods In this dietary survey, data from the food consumption modules of the 2008-2009 (n=21,003 adults) and the 2017-2018 (n=28,153 adults) Household Budget Survey were evaluated to estimate the mean consumption (g/day) of 20 food groups. The body mass index was calculated to classify the weight status of adults and estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Differences between surveys were identified when the 95% confidence intervals were not interspersed. All analyses were stratified by gender and considered the sample weight and the complexity of the sample design. Results The prevalence of overweight increased both among men (38.4%; 95% CI: 36.8-40.0, in 2008-2009 vs. 42.2%; 95% CI: 40.9-43.5, in 2017-2018) and women (29.5%; 95% CI: 58.0-30.9 vs. 35.2%; 95% CI: 34.0-36.4, respectively). Mean consumption of poultry and eggs (57.6g/day vs. 77.9 g/day in men and 43.5g/day vs. 57.3g/day in women, p&lt;0.05) and fast foods (31.3g/day vs. and 48.7g/day in men and 25.3g/day in 2008-2009 vs. 34.8g/day in women, p&lt;0.05) increased between the two surveys, while the mean consumption of rice, beans, fruits, coffee and tea, fish and seafood, processed meats, milk and dairy products, sweets and desserts, sugary drinks, and soups declined. Conclusion The Brazilian food consumption pattern follows the increased prevalence of overweight and reinforces the need to encourage healthy patterns that revive our country's food culture and eating habits.