Poultry Companies Research Articles

Los costos de producción y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de una empresa avícola integrada del Ecuador: caso de estudio

Los costos de producción, son los gastos ineludibles para mantener un proyecto, línea de procesamiento o un equipo en funcionamiento. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la incidencia de los costos de producción en la rentabilidad de una empresa avícola integrada del Ecuador. La investigación es de tipo deductiva, de campo y bibliográfica, verificación de hipótesis mediante ANOVA, empleando un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Los resultados indican que la empresa avícola objeto de estudio maneja inadecuadamente los costos de producción, ya que se basa en un conocimiento empírico de costeo, ignorando los beneficios de la implementación de un sistema de costos apropiado que ayude a definir correctamente los elementos del costo que intervienen en la producción avícola y así obtener una utilidad real que refleje el verdadero desempeño económico y financiero, adicionalmente los indicadores de desempeño aplicados indican una tendencia decreciente de la rentabilidad durante los últimos tres años estudiados. Se concluye que, a pesar de existir sistemas de costeo para empresas avícolas, la entidad analizada se encuentra arraigada a sistemas pasados, por ello es fundamental establecer la incidencia de los costos en la rentabilidad de una organización y el sistema de costeo propuesto como solución a los problemas encontrados.

Metabolisable energy partition for Japanese quails

Knowing how energy intake is partitioned between maintenance, growth and egg production (EP) of birds makes it possible to structure models and recommend energy intakes based on differences in the BW, weight gain (WG) and EP on commercial quail farms. This research was a dose-response study to re-evaluate the energy partition for Japanese quails in the EP phase, based on the dilution technique to modify the retained energy (RE) of the birds. A total of 300 VICAMI® Japanese quail, housed in climatic chambers, were used from 16 weeks of age, with averages for BW of 185 g and EP of 78%, for 10 weeks. To modify the RE in the bird’s body, a qualitative dilution of dietary energy was used. Ten treatments (metabolisable energy levels) were distributed in completely randomised units, with six replicates of five quails per experimental unit. Metabolisable energy intake (MEI), egg mass (EM) and RE were expressed in kJ/kg0.67. The utilisation efficiency (kt) was estimated from the relationship between RE and MEI. The metabolisable energy for maintenance was given by RE = 0. The net energy requirement for WG was obtained from the relationship between RE in the BW as a function of the BW. The utilisation efficiency for EP (ko) was obtained from the relationship between EM and RE corrected MEI for maintenance and WG. Based on these efficiencies, the requirements for WG and EM were calculated. The energy intake by Japanese quails was partitioned according to the model: MEI = 569.8 × BW0.67 + 22 × WG + 13 × EM. The current study provides procedures and methods designed for quails as well as a simple and flexible model that can be quickly adopted by technicians and poultry companies.

Comparative histological changes in the structure of the spleen and kidneys of experimental chickens exposed to the action of “Guidamis” as an adjuvant for vaccination against infectious bronchitis

The article provides a histological description of the internal organs – the spleen and kidneys of chickens exposed to the action of “Guidamis” as an adjuvant. A lysate was tested as part of a sample of the vaccine PB-07 against infectious bronchitis developed by researchers of the Department of Virology and Tumor Diseases of Birds of the Russian Agricultural Academy (Lomonosov). The experiments were carried out on Lohmann Brown chickens in the conditions of the Laishev branch of “Ak Bars” Poultry Company, the Republic of Tatarstan. The prolonged action of the vaccine against infectious bronchitis and the use of “Guidamis” as an adjuvant was manifested as an increase in the proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid tissues in the numerous lymph nodes. The use of the vaccine and the adjuvant had a weak reactogenic effect. In the spleen of control chickens, hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue cells is weakly expressed. In the periarterial zone of nodules of the thymus-dependent lymphocytes, the cell density is low. In the kidneys, for fourteen days after the vaccination against infectious bronchitis using Guidamis, the moderate granular dystrophy of the epithelium, mainly of individual distal tubules, and local moderate manifestations of edema of the capsule of the renal corpuscles were observed. In the kidneys, signs of pronounced edema of the capsule cavity, significant disturbances in the patency of the tubular network caused by swelling and partial desquamation of the epithelium, as well as the presence of epithelium and protein mass in the lumen of the tubules, were observed.

Genomic Analysis of Fluoroquinolone- and Tetracycline-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Type 6964 in Humans and Poultry, New Zealand, 2014-2016.

In 2014, antimicrobial drug–resistant Campylobacter jejuni sequence type 6964 emerged contemporaneously in poultry from 3 supply companies in the North Island of New Zealand and as a major cause of campylobacteriosis in humans in New Zealand. This lineage, not previously identified in New Zealand, was resistant to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones. Genomic analysis revealed divergence into 2 major clades; both clades were associated with human infection, 1 with poultry companies A and B and the other with company C. Accessory genome evolution was associated with a plasmid, phage insertions, and natural transformation. We hypothesize that the tetO gene and a phage were inserted into the chromosome after conjugation, leaving a remnant plasmid that was lost from isolates from company C. The emergence and rapid spread of a resistant clone of C. jejuni in New Zealand, coupled with evolutionary change in the accessory genome, demonstrate the need for ongoing Campylobacter surveillance among poultry and humans.

Simulating the Track and Trace of Halal Chicken Meat Produce

Track and trace in halal are globally used all over the world, and consumer still doubted about the halal status of the product in the market. The study focused on the halal critical points (HCP) in producing halal chicken meat to consumers. The objective of the study is to evaluate the existing track and trace system for halal fresh meat, to identify and adapt HCPs into the track and trace system and to measure the performance of the proposed system. There are four main stages considered in the study which are farm, slaughterhouse, producing plants and transportation. The data has been collected from a poultry company in Selangor, Malaysia. The method used throughout the study is literature search, in-depth interview, documentary analysis and simulation analysis. The results of the study state that there are 20 proposed HCPs from the literature search which based on four stages and the simulation model shows positivity in the output by using the proposed track and trace system for halal chicken produce. This study has also suggested a few recommendations for future study.

Biochemical evaluation of antibacterial activity of short and medium chain fatty acids in broiler

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of short and medium fatty acid chain. Total number of 2000 Cobb broiler chicks (mixed sexes) were commercially purchased from EL Dakahlia poultry company that were 1d old were reared up to 40d of age. Corn and soybean meal based starter and grower diet were supplemented. Chicken were randomly divided in to two main group, 1st group act as normal control, 2nd group was add C12( mixed short and medium fatty acid) in drinking water for 3 day each 8 day at 11, 22 and 33 days age. Blood sample were collected before and after taking C12 treatment for biochemical examination. Supplementation of C12 caused decrease in serum level of AST, ALT, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-6, increase HDL and total protein. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of C12.

Research on production and distribution of poultry meat in Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to investigate the trends in production and distribution of poultry meat in Ukraine. It is shown that the characteristics of the product itself have a significant effect on demand. In terms of price and quality, as well as the low consumer demand of the population of Ukraine, poultry has been a leading market player in recent years. Over the past ten years, chicken consumption has increased by 16% with a significant decline in population. The share of poultry meat in the structure of meat production in Ukraine was 53.5% in 2018, up 12% from 10 years ago. It has been researched that the market of poultry meat, unlike the markets of other types of livestock products, is characterized by a significant contribution of agricultural enterprises, which in 2018 produced more than 85% of all poultry meat produced. It is determined that the broiler meat market in Ukraine is highly concentrated. The market share of the seven largest poultry companies in 2018 was 85%, and the industry leader PJSC Myronovsky Khliboproduct (MHP) is about 57% of the total production in the agricultural enterprises segment. Most manufacturers continue to increase their production capacity, which further increases market concentration and competition. The structure of distribution of production of poultry enterprises on the example of MHP is considered. The company sells its products through franchise network, supermarkets, retail chains, exports and uses other distribution channels. It has been researched that branding is an important component of successful distribution in the poultry market. MHP were the first who brand fresh chicken meat. Existing poultry brands are positioned as a natural and environmentally friendly product. The poultry meat market in Ukraine has been shown to be saturated. Over the past 10 years, production volumes have increased by almost 60% and consumption by only 6%. It is the export of broiler meat today that is the main impetus to increase its production in Ukraine. Over the past 10 years, exports of poultry meat have been found to have increased almost 40-fold and continue to grow strongly in 2019. The main importers of Ukrainian poultry meat were the Netherlands, Slovakia and Saudi Arabia. In addition, in 2018, Ukraine became the leader among suppliers of chicken to Europe, increasing poultry meat exports to the EU by 57%. It describes how exporters manage to increase their exports. It has been determined that in order to support exports in Ukraine, it is advisable to set up an export-credit agency that insures risks and works to reduce the cost of export credits. It is also important to create an effective food safety and quality system in line with EU standards. It has been shown that along with exports, poultry meat imports are also growing, mainly low-grade products that are fully used for the production of meat and sausages product. It has been researched that the growth of export of poultry meat from Ukraine has a negative impact on prices for these products in the domestic market.

Trends and correlates of antimicrobial use in broiler and turkey farms: a poultry company registry-based study in Italy.

Antimicrobial usage (AMU) in livestock plays a key role in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Analysis of AMU data in livestock is therefore relevant for both animal and public health. To assess AMU in 470 broiler and 252 turkey farms of one of Italy's largest poultry companies, accounting for around 30% of national poultry production, to identify trends and risk factors for AMU. Antimicrobial treatments administered to 5827 broiler and 1264 turkey grow-out cycles in 2015-17 were expressed as DDDs for animals per population correction unit (DDDvet/PCU). A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the effect of geographical area, season and prescribing veterinarian on AMU. Management and structural interventions implemented by the company were also assessed. AMU showed a 71% reduction in broilers (from 14 to 4 DDDvet/PCU) and a 56% reduction in turkeys (from 41 to 18 DDDvet/PCU) during the study period. Quinolones, macrolides and polymyxins decreased from 33% to 6% of total AMU in broilers, and from 56% to 32% in turkeys. Broiler cycles during spring and winter showed significantly higher AMU, as well as those in densely populated poultry areas. Different antimicrobial prescribing behaviour was identified among veterinarians. This study evidenced a decreasing trend in AMU and identified several correlates of AMU in broilers and turkeys. These factors will inform the design of interventions to further reduce AMU and therefore counteract antimicrobial resistance in these poultry sectors.

Competitiveness and economic profit analysis of Kazakhstan’s poultry companies

Competitiveness and economic profit analysis of Kazakhstan’s poultry companies

Occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company

Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen in the poultry production systems. Its presence in this food industry is determined by the fact that it can survive and pass throughout the different steps in the poultry production. In this study we aimed to study the occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company.Three hundred fourteen samples were collected in the feeding plant, farms and the slaughterhouse. Samples were cultured for Salmonella isolation according to the ISO6579/Amd 1. Isolates were further typed by Kauffmann-White scheme and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial resistance to 11 antimicrobials was studied by disk diffusion tests and sequencing of ESBL genes.From the collected samples 70 (22%) were found to be Salmonella positive. The lowest Salmonella rates were found in feed samples while in farm and slaughterhouse samples Salmonella presence ranged from 5% to 88%. S. Infantis was the most common serotype (94%, 66/70). PFGE demonstrated that isolates belonged to 11 genotypes. Some genotypes were continuously identified throughout the production chain. 97% of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial. Moreover, all S. Infantis isolates and one auto-agglutinable isolate showed resistance to at least 6 antimicrobials. 30 and 8 isolates were positive to blaCTX-M-65 and blaCTX-M-14 genes respectively. No blaKPC resistance genes were identified in any isolate.This study highlights the predominance of S. Infantis in the integrated poultry company. Genotypes showed that cross-contamination between stages of poultry production can occur, stressing the importance of implementing good hygiene practices in every level of the production. Moreover, multidrug resistance patterns and the presence of important ESBL genes have public health implications that need to be deeply discussed with a one health approach.

Study on the effects of transport stress on fecal shedding and poultry meat contamination from Campylobacter spp.

Purpose: Animal welfare and food safety represent major issues in the production of food of animal origin. Particularly in sight of the new criterion for Campylobacter that since January 2018 is included in the European Union food law, it is important to find new ways to reduce poultry meat contamination from Campylobacter spp., also controlling the shedding of this pathogen with chicken faeces. In particular, the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate, in function of the different transport duration, its influence on Campylobacter fecal shedding and consequent contamination in broiler carcasses. Methods & Materials: A sample of 12 flocks from an Italian poultry company, all positive for Campylobacter infection, was selected. For each flock it was assessed, before departure and in slaughterhouse upon arrival, the Campylobacter prevalence in faces using cloacal swabs. The same batches were also tested after slaughtering and cooling to evaluate prevalence and level of contamination in carcass skin. Detection and enumeration were carried out using ISO or validated methods. Results: Twelve flocks from 6 different farms, were selected. Six flocks were from farms located at longer distances (over 180 km and more than 3,5 hours of transport) and the other 6 from short-distance farm (always below 30 km). In the examined batches, prevalence in cloacal swabs was highly variable, ranging from 0 to 100%. The frequency of Campylobacter in cloacal swabs increased after transports, in particular statistically significant differences between departure and arrival were detected only for long transports. No statistically significant differences were detected in caecal contents nor on carcass skin between batches from transports of different duration. Conclusion: Although the duration of transport does not significantly affect the level of contamination of the carcasses, our results highlight that in short transports Campylobacter shedding is significantly less frequent: this could be an important information for poultry companies, in order to keep the problem under control.

RISK ASSESSMENT PENYAKIT AKIBAT PAPARAN BAHAN KIMIA PADA UNIT PREMIX

PT. Japfa Comfeed is one of poultry companies, in production of poultry needed feed additive to improve quality of poultry. Premix unit is unit that production feed additive for poultry. There are some hazards in process of premix production. Therefore, to prevent health problems, risk assessment is needed. The objective of this study is risk assessing at premix production PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk. Unit Gedangan. This research is a descriptive study. The population of this research were 15 person premix unit worker and 1 (one) safety officer at PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk. Unit Gedangan. The result of the research showed that there were chemical hazard, such as feed additives and meat and bone meal (MBM). Based on hazard identification obtained 34 risk with 76.5%medium risks and 23.5% low risks. Risk control on feed additive unit at PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk. Unit Gedangan was categorizes as good enough. This is due to risk control effort, such as engineering control, administrative control, and Personal Protective Equipment, such respiratory and glove. However, those efforts had not been fully applied by feed additive worker. Residual risk assessment showed that risk control needs to be reset to reduce the risk. Conclusion that can be drawn is process in premix unit categorized as medium risk.Keywords: poultry, premix, risk assessment

A qualificação do trabalhador como forma motivacional e o significado do trabalho

Studies about motivation and the meaning of work have become important within the behavioral focus due to the need to understand the mechanisms that move people to improve their performance within the organization. The present work has the purpose of evaluating, if when given the chance to become more qualified employees, individuals get more motivated, since theoretically, this would be one of the main motivational factors. We also aim to find out the meaning of work for him/her. This information was obtained through questionnaires applied to the employees of a poultry company of Guarabira-PB. 80 questionnaires were answered by the administrative sector of the company. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and different average tests. Results indicated that that the workers believed to feel motivated while getting more qualified and that they believe that the company encourages workers to become more qualified enployees , however, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the motivational factor of those who had and those who did not have qualifications, and as for the meaning of the work measured by the IMST (Employees Motivation and Meaning Inventory), employees expect it to bring personal and family survival as well as financial independence.

Estudio de benchmarking competitivo aplicado a cuatro empresas del sector avícola colombiano

El estudio es un análisis de referenciación competitiva, más conocido como Benchmarking Competitivo, realizado a cuatro empresas del sector avícola en Colombia, el cual tiene por propósito realizar una aproximación a los posibles factores claves de éxito necesarios para el análisis de la competitividad de las empresas avícolas del país, lo que permitirá hacer comparaciones, determinar en qué punto sobresale cada una de las empresas a evaluar y sobre todo, identificar la magnitud de las brechas entre las empresas a comparar. La aplicación metodológica estará basada en el modelo de referenciación competitiva El estudio es un análisis de referenciación competitiva, más conocido como Benchmarking Competitivo, realizado a cuatro empresas del sector avícola en Colombia, el cual tiene por propósito realizar una aproximación a los posibles factores claves de éxito necesarios para el análisis de la competitividad de las empresas avícolas del país, lo que permitirá hacer comparaciones, determinar en qué punto sobresale cada una de las empresas a evaluar y sobre todo, identificar la magnitud de las brechas entre las empresas a comparar. La aplicación metodológica estará basada en el modelo de referenciación competitiva

Exploring contacts facilitating transmission of influenza A(H5N1) virus between poultry farms in West Java, Indonesia: A major role for backyard farms?

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has been reported in Asia, including Indonesia since 2003. Although several risk factors related to the HPAIV outbreaks in poultry in Indonesia have been identified, little is known of the contact structure of farms of different poultry production types (backyard chickens, broilers, layers, and ducks). This study aims to quantify the contact rates associated with the movement of people, and movements of live birds and products and equipment that affect the risk of HPAIV H5N1 transmission between poultry farms in Indonesia. On 124 poultry farms in 6 districts in West Java, logbooks were distributed to record the movements of farmers/staff and visitors and their poultry contacts. Most movements in backyard chicken, commercial native chicken, broiler and duck farms were visits to and from other poultry farms, whilst in layer farms visits to and from poultry companies, visits to egg collection houses and visit from other poultry farms were most frequent. Over 75% of persons visiting backyard chicken and duck farms had previously visited other poultry farms on the same day. Visitors of backyard chicken farms had the highest average contact rate, either direct contact with poultry on other farms before the visits (1.35 contact/day) or contact during their visits in the farms (10.03 contact/day). These results suggest that backyard chicken farms are most at risk for transmission of HPAIV compared to farms of the other poultry production types. Since visits of farm-to-farm were high, backyard farms could also a potential source for HPAIV transmission to commercial poultry farms.

Audit results of UK meat companies – critical analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the results of several food safety audits carried out by the Food Standards Agency in meat and poultry-processing companies and slaughterhouses in the UK and audits in aquacultures carried out by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council and the Marine Scotland. Design/methodology/approach Specifically, both a quantitative and a qualitative review were carried out. Findings It was revealed that in meat and poultry companies, the highest average proportion of major non-conformities (MNCs) within the total number of companies was recorded in slaughterhouses, while based on the type of product, the corresponding percentage of MNCs was found in poultry companies. Both in meat/poultry companies and aquacultures, small-sized companies presented the highest average percentage of MNCs. It was also revealed that a very high percentage of MNCs and minor non-conformities were recorded in relation to “record keeping.” Research limitations/implications The limitations of the present study can be summarized into the fact that although a high number of audit reports were taken into account, and record keeping and past actions were reviewed as part of the audits, the audit represents only a snapshot in time and can heavily depend on the skills of the auditors. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is very limited literature available that analyzes the results of audits and looks for trends in the food industry in the UK. The conclusions of this study can be of significant value to both the auditors and the industry by enabling a more targeted approach in the conduction of audits.

Combination of a novel designed spray cabinet and electrolyzed water to reduce microorganisms on chicken carcasses

Minimizing microbial contamination on poultry carcasses during processing in slaughterhouses is imperative for delaying spoilage and extending the shelf-life of meat. In the present study, a novel spray cabinet was designed, and the reduction of microorganisms on chicken carcasses achieved by the application of this cabinet combined with electrolyzed water was assessed at a slaughter-line. The spray cabinet, precisely designed to be a U-shaped cabinet according to the transmission of chicken carcasses in plants, primarily consists of side-, down- and up-spray units with 0.3 MPa of pressure for each nozzle, with a total of 188 nozzles. The chicken carcasses were completely cleaned by applying the cabinet, leaving no blind angles. A significant reduction in microbial counts on the chicken carcasses was observed after spraying with this cabinet combined with decontamination measures during post-evisceration and post-chilling procedures, and a total bacterial count reduction of approximately 0.5 log CFU/cm2 was obtained by spraying with water alone. A microbial reduction of almost 1.0 log CFU/cm2 or MPN/cm2 was observed in chicken carcasses after spraying with acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) or slightly acidic electrolyzed water (sAEW) for 15 s. In addition, 30 mg/L of sAEW was as effective as 60 mg/L of AEW in the reduction of microorganism counts. These findings indicate that sAEW may be a promising substitute for traditional sodium hypochlorite in the decontamination of chicken carcasses during slaughter, which may also help poultry companies minimize production costs in carcass decontamination.

INFLUENCE OF HANDLING PROCESSES FOR BROILERS ON MORTALITY AND CARCASS QUALITY AT SLAUGHTERHOUSE

The current study was conducted during spring and summer of 2016 and winter of 2017 at Al-Watania Poultry Company. A preliminary test was performed to identify the optimum operating conditions of a proposed mechanical catching machine (CIEMME Super Apollo L) and compare the effect of using this machine versus manual catching under commercial conditions, with respect to the performance rate; operation and production costs at the optimum operating conditions and the “welfare“ stress indices, which were concentration of Corticosterone “CORT”; Adrenocorticotropic “ACTH”; glucose and lactate with tonic immobility as ant-mortem stress indices and dead on arrival “DOA”; the incidence of bruises and the rate of downgrade carcass quality as postmortem stress indices. The preliminary test results indicated that, the optimum operating conditions for the proposed catching machine were forward speed of 0.1 m/sec. and collection belt speed of 0.65 m/sec. at these conditions the recorded machine productivity were 20.66 and 20.59 ton/h and the recorded losses were 0.049 and 0.06 % at MBM of 1600 or 2000 gm. respectively. The main test results indicated that, the performance rate of catching machine ranged from 8227 to 10418 Bird/h. Meanwhile it was ranged between 4474 to 5317 Bird/h. with manual catching. The average catching costs for the mechanical and manual method was 9.48 L.E/ton and 44.7 L.E/ton respectively. As far the stress indices, the mechanically caught broilers had lower CORT concentrations and shorter durations of tonic immobility. That means, mechanical catching, birds were less stressed than the manually caught. There is a positive feedback mechanism between CORT and glucose; lactate and duration of tonic immobility. Meanwhile there is a negative feedback mechanism between concentration of CORT and ACTH hormones. The highest DOA was 0.76% and 0.53% recorded with manual catching at summer and winter respectively, while it was 0.439 and 0.409 with mechanical catching at summer and winter respectively, with transport distance of >250 km and mean body mass “MBM” of 2000 g. The contusion of wing was reduced from 3.81 %; 3.27 % for broiler caught manually to 3.02 %; 2.18 % for broilers caught mechanically. However, there was no difference in contusions in the breast or paw between the two catching methods. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the broilers mechanical catching machine, CIEMME Super Apollo L, appears to be a good alternative to manual catching from the worker’s; bird’s welfare and economic point of view.

Strategic Architecture in Poultry Company

The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the external environment affecting the poultry industry, analyze the business integration process of the company and know its internal factors, analyze the future of the poultry industry in Indonesia and formulate the strategic architecture of PT Sierad Produce Tbk (SIPD) and its priority importance. Respondents in this study were determined using purposive sampling method. While the research method used is descriptive-qualitative with case study approach and using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as priority determination of interest.. The results of the research are several alternative SIPD strategy based on the main objective of the company, that is maximizing corporate integration, product development and market development. A strategic map as a strategic architecture design lane is created to illustrate the execution time of each alternative strategy. The business integration process at SIPD is currently not optimally developed, meaning that every stage of the production process is still a profit center. Achieving institutional markets with a contractual approach proves to ensure product survival.

Evaluation of Different PCR Systems for the Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Chicken Trachea

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'; min-height: 15.0px} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 4.0px 19.0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 9.1px; font: 9.0px 'Times New Roman'} span.s1 {font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} In this work, we detected the MG-serologic condition by rapid plate agglutination tests, used Air Thermal Cycler (ATC PCR) (Idaho Technologies) and LightCycler real-time PCR system (LC PCR) (Roche Diagnostics, Manheim, Germany) for rapid and reliable detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) from tracheal swab samples of naturally infected breeder chickens, and determinated MG-DNA detection limit by MG LC PCR from both pure culture and artificially spiked samples. One hundred and seventy seven tracheal swab samples from 16 flocks of 3 different companies were tested by LC PCR. Despite 117 chickens from 10 flocks were diagnosed as MG-seropositive, only 41 (35%) of tracheal swab samples from 3 (%30) flocks were found positive by LC PCR. Sixty (33.8%) of the samples from 6 MG-seronegative flocks were also found to be MG negative by LC PCR. Two hundred twelve MG-seropositive samples from 4 companies (3 of them are same companies tested previously by LC) were tested by ATC PCR and detected only 4 (1.8%) tracheal swab samples MG-positive. The LC PCR gives the results in approximately 6 hours DNA extraction, and is rapid and reliable confirmation and detection test ready to be implemented for screening MG-infected flocks in poultry companies.