Pothos Scandens Research Articles

The Relationship of Plant Types Familia Araceae on The Mountain Sidole Track Central Sulawesi Based on Morphological Character

The Araceae family plant in the Mount Sidole has a diversity and variety of life forms. The purpose of this study is to describe the family relationship of Araceae family based on morphological characters. Sampling using the path method (belt transect) with free collection techniques. The size of the track used is 10 m wide and ± 15 km long along the Sidole Mountain climbing track at an altitude of 400-1780 m above sea level. Morphological data measurement refers to 37 meristic and qualitative characters. Processing data using the File Editor Program (PFE) and analyzed with the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) program. Determination of similarity index with the Simple Matching Coefficient method and kinship between types using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). The results of specimen collection are 26 species. Based on the dendrogram of Familia Araceae divided into three groups. Group I are 9 species of hemiepipitic groups which cluster at a coefficient of 76%, namely Amydrium medium, Pothos scandens, Epipendrum sp., Scindapsus treubii, S. pictus, Rhaphidophora sp., R. sylvestris, R. lobbii and R. puberula. Group II are 8 species of geophytes grouping at 77% coefficient, namely Colocasia oresbia, C. esculenta, Xanthosoma violaceumm, X. sagittifolium, Apoballis mutata, Alocasia sp., A. longiloba and A. Macrorrhizos. Group III are 9 species of geophytes grouping at 82% coefficient, namely Spathiphyllum commutatum, Schismatoglottis inculta, S. lancifolia, S. wallichii, S. asperata, S. cadieri, S. calyptrata and S. calyptrata ssp flagelliforme and Aglaonema nitidum.

ISOLATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENT, IN VITRO ANTICANCER STUDY IN HELA AND MCF-7 CELL LINES AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF POTHOS SCANDENS LINN

Objective: This study aims to isolate an active phytoconstituent from ethanolic leaf extract of Pothos scandens Linn., to evaluate in vitro anticancer activity, and to carry out molecular docking studies of the isolated phytoconstituent. Methods: The bioactive constituent 1,1’-(4,5-dihydroxy benzene-1,2-diyl) bisoct-7-en-1-one, a phenolic compound, was isolated by using chromatographic methods and the structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated against HeLa and MCF 7 cell lines. The viability of cells was evaluated by direct observation of cells by an Inverted phase-contrast microscope and by the MTT assay method. IC50 was calculated using the linear regression model. Results: The results of anticancer studies revealed that different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Pothos scandens Linn. exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF 7 cell lines with IC50 of 22.9 and 18.32 μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer potential of the plant was revalidated by in silico molecular docking study with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2, PDB ID: 4AG8) using Discovery studio 2018. Results of the docking study showed that the ligand exhibited strong interaction with the VEGFR2 kinase with significant binding energy. Conclusion: Pothos scandens linn. can be used for the isolation of potent anticancer agents.

GENETIC BARCODING AND BOTANICAL STUDIES ON POTHOS SCANDENS L. LEAVES-AN EXTRA-PHARMACOPOEIAL DRUG OF AYURVEDA

Objective: This study was undertaken to carry out genetic barcoding, pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on leaves of Pothos scandens L. belonging to the family Araceae. Methods: P. scandens, was collected from Cochin, Kerala, during the month of August 2019. Its leaves were examined for pharmacognostical characters and physicochemical, qualitative analysis and HPTLC studies was carried out following standard protocols recommended by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Genetic barcoding of the fresh tender leaves samples was carried out through following standard methods. Results: Leaves are simple, alternate, broadly winged petiole. Transverse section through winged petiole portion showed U-shaped, epidermal cell along with cluster crystals. Transverse section through midrib boat-shaped structure, mesophyll undifferentiated, consist parenchyma cell, epidermis with thick cuticle along with waxy coating. Leaves powder shows green in color and microscopy reveals the presence of prismatic crystals, raphides, fibres, acicular crystals and monocot type 1 stomata. The plant is identified as Pothos scandens based on sequence homology and phylogenic analysis. Qualitative results show the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids and tannins. HPTLC profile shows 7 spots at both short UV and long UV and ferulic acid and kaempferol were identified through quantitative HPTLC. Conclusion: Pothos scandens is a climber with simple, alternate leaves. Acicular crystals and raphides, mucilaginous cavities, undifferentiated mesophyll are key characters of the identification of its leaf. DNA Barcoding results helps in correct identification of Pothos scandens. The results obtained from the phytochemical study will be helpful in the determination of the strength of purity and also for further standardization of the plant.

Phyto-pharmacognostical standardization with HPTLC fingerprinting of root and stem of Pothos scandens L.

Phyto-pharmacognostical standardization with HPTLC fingerprinting of root and stem of Pothos scandens L.

Antimicrobial Compound Isolated From The Plant Pothos scandens L.

Abstract Pothos scandens L. is a medicinal plant found in North East India with various ethno-medicinal activities. A compound was isolated from the bark of P. scandens and the structure was characterized as Octyl isonicotinate (1) by extensive NMR, FT-IR and mass analysis. Compound 1 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans by Agar well diffusion method with zone of inhibition value of 9.16±0.28 mm and 12.5±0.51 mm, respectively compared with standard Amikacin (19.33±0.57) and Fluconazole (15.9± 0.12). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were found 12.30 µg/mL and 6.50 µg/mL respectively as compared to Amikacin (4.37 µg/mL) and Fluconazole (7.5µg/mL).

Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Anthurium huixtlense and Pothos scandens (Pothoideae, Araceae): Unique Inverted Repeat Expansion and Contraction Affect Rate of Evolution

The subfamily Pothoideae belongs to the ecologically important plant family Araceae. Here, we report the chloroplast genomes of two species of the subfamily Pothoideae: Anthurium huixtlense (size: 163,116 bp) and Pothos scandens (size: 164,719 bp). The chloroplast genome of P. scandens showed unique contraction and expansion of inverted repeats (IRs), thereby increasing the size of the large single-copy region (LSC: 102,956 bp) and decreasing the size of the small single-copy region (SSC: 6779 bp). This led to duplication of many single-copy genes due to transfer to IR regions from the small single-copy (SSC) region, whereas some duplicate genes became single copy due to transfer to large single-copy regions. The rate of evolution of protein-coding genes was affected by the contraction and expansion of IRs; we found higher mutation rates for genes that exist in single-copy regions as compared to those in IRs. We found a 2.3-fold increase of oligonucleotide repeats in P. scandens when compared with A. huixtlense, whereas amino acid frequency and codon usage revealed similarities. The ratio of transition to transversion mutations was 2.26 in P. scandens and 2.12 in A. huixtlense. Transversion mutations mostly translated in non-synonymous substitutions. The phylogenetic inference of the limited species showed the monophyly of the Araceae subfamilies. Our study provides insight into the molecular evolution of chloroplast genomes in the subfamily Pothoideae and family Araceae.

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Ethnomedicinal Plants from Sri Lanka.

Traditional folk medicine in Sri Lanka is mostly based on plants and plant-derived products, however, many of these medicinal plant species are scientifically unexplored. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potency of 28 different extracts prepared from seven popular medicinal plant species employed in Sri Lanka. The extracts were subjected to cell-based and cell-free assays of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. Moreover, antibacterial and disinfectant activities were assessed. Characterization of secondary metabolites was achieved by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. n-Hexane- and dichloromethane-based extracts of Garcinia cambogia efficiently suppressed 5-LO activity in human neutrophils (IC50 = 0.92 and 1.39 µg/mL), and potently inhibited isolated human 5-LO (IC50 = 0.15 and 0.16 µg/mL) and mPGES-1 (IC50 = 0.29 and 0.49 µg/mL). Lipophilic extracts of Pothos scandens displayed potent inhibition of mPGES-1 only. A methanolic extract of Ophiorrhiza mungos caused significant NO scavenging activity. The lipophilic extracts of G. cambogia exhibited prominent antibacterial and disinfectant activities, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids, sesquiterpenes and other types of secondary metabolites. Together, our results suggest the prospective utilization of G. cambogia as disinfective agent with potent anti-inflammatory properties.

A Review on Ethnomedicinal Claims and Spread of Pothos scandens L.

Aim: Present review aims to collect all available ethno medicinal information and research updates on Pothos scandens, a popular drug among the local healers for its multipurpose traditional therapeutic claims.
 Materials and Methods: Reported ethno medicinal uses of Pothos scandens from available books related to medicinal plants and research articles on ethno medicine, published till January 2020, were reviewed. Name of the reporting tribe using the plant and their place of reporting, vernacular names, parts used along with its therapeutic indications, with specific method of administration, if any, through either external or internal usages were noted.
 Results: P. scandens is reported for its presence in 13 countries across the globe and in 13 states of India. The plant as a whole or its stem, root and leaf are used in 31 different disease conditions, either through internal administration or external applications. Among these, maximum are indicated in the treatment of asthma, small pox, wounds and bone fracture etc. Its leaves have maximum applications in 11 disease conditions, followed by whole plant in 10, stem in 3 and root in one disease condition. Its leaves are also used as fodder. Pharmacological studies report its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, wound healing activities.
 Conclusion: Pothos scandens is having multifaceted ethno-medicinal claims and needs robust scientific evaluation through pharmacological and clinical studies to establish the ethnic claims.

Cycloartane and Stigmastane Type Triterpenoids from Pothos scandens Inhibit Estradiol (E2) Induced Proliferations in Breast Cancer Cells

Four cycloartane type triterpenoids and three stigmastane type steroids were isolated from the methanolic extract of stem and root part of Pothos scandens L. (Araceae), a Bangladeshi medicinal plant by high performance liquid chromatographic technique. The compounds were characterized as 24-methylenecycloartanol (1), 24-methylenecycloartenone (2), 24-en-cycloartenone (3), 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate (4), stigmast-4-en-3-one (5), stigmast-4,22-diene-3-one (6) and β-sitosterol glucoside (7) through extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. All the isolates were evaluated for their estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity using the estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. The results showed that all the compounds possess mild to strong antiestrogenic activity in both cell lines which was compared to positive control tamoxifen. 24- Methylenecycloartanol (1), which contains a hydroxyl group in its C-3 position, inhibited 90% of estradiol (E2)- induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 and T47D cell lines at a concentration of 0.01 μM only. 24- Methylenecycloartanyl ferulate (4) and stigmast-4,22-diene-3-one (6) showed 90% of estradiol (E2)-induced cell proliferation in T47D cell only at a concentration of 0.01 μM whereas 10.0 μM was required for 24- methylenecycloartanyl ferulate (4) for the same activity in MCF-7 cells. This is the first report of isolation of these compounds from the plant along with their antiestrogenic property.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 93-102, 2019 (June)

Pharmacological and Phytochemical Updates on Pothos scandens L

Pharmacological and Phytochemical Updates on Pothos scandens L

Keanekaragaman Liana di Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah

This study aims to determine the species of Liana plants found in Educational Forest of Muhammadiyah University of Centre Bengkulu withinConservation Forest of Bukit Barisan located in Kepahyang Regency of Bengkulu Province. This survey method research was conducted on March-April 2017. Sampling was collected in the plots placed along transect line in the forest which have temperature range from 27–31OC and humidity range 76-87%. The result found that of 20 Liana plants species belong to 9 families. Asteraceae family consist of 1 species of Mikania micrantha, family Araceae consist of 1 species of Pothos scandens, family Convolvulaceae consist of 4 species namely Ipomoea triloba, Ipomoea cairica, Merremia peltata, Merremia vitifolia, family Dioscorea consist of 1 species of Dioscorea hispida, family Fabaceae consist of 2 species of Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, family Menispermaceae consist of 3 species of Cyclea barbata, Pericampylus glaucus, Tinospora crispa, family Palmae cinsist of 4 species namely Calamus caesius, Calamus manan, Daemonorops sabut, Korthalsia rigida, famili Piperaceae consist of 3 species of Piper betle, Piper nigrum, Piper ornatum, family Schizaeaceae consist of 1 species of Lygodium flexuosum.

A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS IN ARALAM WILD LEFE SANCTUARY, KANNUR

Climbing plants differ from self-supporting plants, such as shrubs and trees, in a range of characteristics. The most notable is the mechanical properties of the stem Comparison of the differentiated anatomical structures recorded in ten species of the climbing plants. The plants selected for the present study are Ampelocissus latifolia,(Vitaceae), Lygodium flexuosum (Lygodiaceae), Centrosema virginianum(Fabaceae), Tinospora cordifolia,(Menispermaceae), Wattakakka volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) Cyclea peltata (Menispermaceae), Calycopteris floribunda (Combretaceae) Pothos scandens(Araceae) Ipomoea separia (Convolvulaceae) and Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). The stems of climbing plants are characterized by the scarcity of supporting cells (fibers) and an increase in the diameter of the xylem vessels. The study con firms that they show a greater diversity of organization than other plant life forms. This anatomical radiation couldprobably not exist without the achievement of a wide range of secondary growth processes. Many dicotyledons, notably those with a climbing habit, show interesting secondary structure which differs from the more usual type described, therefore, sometimes termed anomalous. The variant secondary growth isparticularly widespread in tropical climbers. It is speculated that variant growth can increase stem flexibility, protect the phloem, increase storage parenchyma, aid in clinging to supports, limit physical disruption of vascular tissues during twisting and bending, and promote wound healing after girdling.

Therapeutic Effect of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Pothos scandens L on key Carbohydrate Metabolizing Enzymes and Xenobiotic Marker Enzymes in DMBA Induced Experimental Mammary Carcinoma

Therapeutic Effect of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Pothos scandens L on key Carbohydrate Metabolizing Enzymes and Xenobiotic Marker Enzymes in DMBA Induced Experimental Mammary Carcinoma

In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Pothos scandens extract in RAW 264.7 cells.

Pothos scandens, an edible plant, has been traditionally used for reducing swelling and treating wounds, muscle catches, sprains, bone fractures, blisters, and diarrhea. P. scandens ethanol extract (PSE) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells. Present studies showed that PSE reduced the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, followed by a decrease in production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. In addition, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β was suppressed by PSE treatment. Immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that PSE inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein, without altering the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 protein kinase. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that P. scandens exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, which might be useful for the development of anti-inflammatory agents.

A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS IN ARALAM WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, KANNUR

Climbing plants differ from self-supporting plants, such as shrubs and trees, in a range of characteristics. The most notable is the mechanical properties of the stem Comparison of the differentiated anatomical structures recorded in ten species of the climbing plants. The plants selected for the present study are Ampelocissus latifolia, (Vitaceae), Lygodium flexuosum (Lygodiaceae), Centrosema virginianum (Fabaceae), Tinospora cordifolia, (Menispermaceae), Wattakakka volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) Cyclea peltata (Menispermaceae), Calycopteris floribunda (Combretaceae) Pothos scandens (Araceae) Ipomoea separia (Convolvulaceae) and Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). The stems of climbing plants are characterized by the scarcity of supporting cells (fibers) and an increase in the diameter of the xylem vessels. The study con firms that they show a greater diversity of organization than other plant life forms. This anatomical radiation couldprobably not exist without the achievement of a wide range of secondary growth processes. Many dicotyledons, notably those with a climbing habit, show interesting secondary structure which differs from the more usual type described, therefore, sometimes termed anomalous. The variant secondary growth isparticularly widespread in tropical climbers. It is speculated that variant growth can increase stem flexibility, protect the phloem, increase storage parenchyma, aid in clinging to supports, limit physical disruption of vascular tissues during twisting and bending, and promote wound healing after girdling.

Efficacy Testing of Acetobacter and Azospirillum Isolates on Maize cv. GM-3

Endophytic bacteria residing within living plant tissues without substantially harming plants have found a large number of applications in today’s agriculture such as nutrient cycling, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress as well as promotion of plant growth. Endophytic bacteria namely, Acetobacter and Azospirillum promised to be practically used in agriculture are nowadays thought of as most active components in association with cereals. So, in present study, endophytic bacteria mainly belonging to genera Acetobacter and Azospirillum were isolated from surface sterilized plant parts of species Cynodon dactylon (Durva), Pothos scandens (Money plant), Ipomea batata (Sweet potato), Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) cv. CO.LK-8001 and CO.-84135, Musa paradica (Banana) and Zea mays (maize) cv. GM-6 by using LGIP and Nitrogen free bromothymol blue media selective for growth of Acetobacter and Azospirillum, respectively. Inoculation of maize cv. GM-3 with endophytic bacterial isolates in combination with half and full Recommended dose (RD) of urea recorded significant increase in all the growth parameters wherein A-9 was found the best for growth stimulation as compared to other treatments.

Phenolic constituents of the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Pothos scandens and their anti-estrogenic, hyaluronidase inhibition, and histamine release inhibitory activities

Extracts from the stem and roots of the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Pothos scandens L. (Araceae) were isolated, and three hemiterpene glucoside aromatic esters, pothobanosides A (1), B (2), and C (3), and a phenylisobutanoid, pothobanol (4), along with 14 known compounds, were characterized. The isolates were tested for their estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity using the estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D, and syringoyl derivatives (2, 3, and canthoside B) showed strong inhibitory activity against both cell lines. Their less oxygenated analogs (1, and markhamioside F) were almost inactive. The isolates were also evaluated for hyaluronidase and histamine release inhibitory activities, and pothobanoside A (1) showed significant hyaluronidase inhibitory activity among the isolated compounds, which was similar to that of the positive control rosmarinic acid. Because hyaluronidase produces an angiogenic response that has been implicated in tumor invasiveness and metastasis, 1 could be valuable as an anti-tumor compound with a different mechanism of action from related compounds (2, 3). Pothobanoside C (3) and pothobanol (4) were also found to inhibit histamine release to a similar degree to the positive control epigallocatechin 3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate. The histamine release inhibitory potency of these isolates may support the traditional uses of this plant in folk medicine.

Biodiversity of Endorhizospheric Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria

Endorhizospheric bacteria also known as endophytic bacteria that resides within living plant tissues without substantially harming plants have found a large number of applications in today’s agriculture such as nutrient cycling, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress as well as promotion of plant growth. In present study an attempt has been made to test biodiversity of endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria from different plant species. As nitrogen fixation is one of the prime mechanism of plant growth promoting activity exerted by microorganisms, endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria were isolated from from surface sterilized plant parts viz. root, stem and leaves of species Cynodon dactylon (Durva), Pothos scandens (Money plant), Ipomea batata (Sweet potato), Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) cv. CO.LK-8001 and CO.-84135, Musa paradica (Banana) and Zea mays (maize) cv. GM-6 by using nitrogen free media selective for growth of nitrogen fixing bacteria. In all total 10 isolates were obtained form different plant species and parts and showed variation in their biochemical and physiological characteristics. All the isolates were found to fix nitrogen and nitrogen fixation rates of all the isolates ranged from 4.0 to 36.3 mg N fixed / gm of sugar consumed. Moreover, they also showed solubilizing tri calcium phosphate in Pikovskaya’s broth.

Assessment of inhibitory potential of Pothos scandens L. on ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in balb/c mice

Pothos scandens L. was used in Indian traditional medicine as an antiasthmatic drug. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared with aerial parts of P. scandens (PSE & PSA). ESI MS/MS of PSE ethanolic extract was carried out for the determination of chemical constituents. CP1 is isolated from the PSE, structurally confirmed with NMR and LCMS/MS. PSE, PSA and CP1 are evaluated against ovalbumin (OVA) induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in balb/c mice. The test drugs are administered p.o. prior to challenge with aerosolized 2.5% w/v OVA. Total and differential leucocyte count, nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) are estimated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Similarly, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA) and total lung protein (TLP) are estimated in the lungs. The results reveal a significant increase in total and differential leucocyte count, NO2, NO3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-13 in OVA induced AHR. However, these parameters are significantly decreased in PSE and PSA tested doses (PSE 100 & 200mg/kg). While, treatment with CP1 is less effective at 5 & 10mg/kg doses. Similar observations obtain for MPO and MDA in lungs. However, the mean value indicated that the PSE at 200mg/kg showed a significant restoration in all the parameters. Pro-inflammatory mediators are known to be responsible for AHR. Histopathology revealed justifies the effectiveness. The present investigations suggest PSE are interesting molecules for further research for asthma, with an approach through pro-inflammatory inhibitory pathway. P. scandens is a potential herbal medicine for allergy induced asthma.

Anticariogenic Activity of Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg, Pothos scandens L. and Elaegnus kologa Schlecht

The present study was conducted to estimate total phenolic and flavonoid content and to determine anticariogenic efficacy of methanol extract of Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae), Pothos scandens L. (Araceae) and Elaegnus kologa Schlecht (Elaeagnaceae) leaves. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of leaf extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and Aluminium chloride colorimetric estimation method respectively. Anticariogenic activity of leaf extracts was assessed against 13 clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans by Agar well diffusion technique. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were higher in G. glauca followed by P. scandens and E. kologa. The extract of G. glauca showed greater inhibition of cariogenic isolates than P. scandens and E. kologa as revealed by wider inhibition zones. The study revealed a correlation between the amount of phenolics and flavonoids present in the extracts and the anticariogenic activity of the extracts. The plants used in this study could be used against dental caries.