Potential Of Renewable Sources Research Articles

The Dynamics of Pakistan's Renewable Energy Sector: Tidal Energy Potential; a Literature Review

A developing country's economic interest is to determine when its national income approaches that of developed nations. The availability of energy, natural resources, and geographic location are important factors in this. Renewable energy appears to be the answer of the future, while traditional electricity sources like gas and oil are scarce, costly, and harmful to the environment. Pakistan has the ability to meet its electricity needs, addressing issues like power shortages, pollution, and high production costs. The country is strategically located and has an abundance of renewable resources. If this potential is fully realized, Pakistan might even start exporting electricity. Although the nation has started wind, solar, hydroelectric, and bioenergy projects, tidal energy is still mainly unexplored. Recent research provides evidence for the consideration of tidal energy as a potential renewable source for Pakistan's energy needs. The exploration and utilization of these renewable resources not only address the energy needs of Pakistan but also contribute to global efforts in adopting sustainable energy practices. Efforts towards harnessing tidal energy in Pakistan should be intensified, especially along the coast where natural tidal lagoons are prevalent. In-depth surveys and thorough investigations are crucial, particularly in the creek regions of Sindh province.

Oleaginous Yeast Biorefinery: Feedstocks, Processes, Techniques, Bioproducts

The world climate crisis has triggered the search for renewable energy sources. Oleaginous yeasts are a potential renewable source of biofuels. However, the yeast-derived biofuels cost is still non-competitive with the fossil fuel prices. To improve the sustainability of yeast-derived biofuels, it is necessary to valorize all yeast biomass fractions, an approach based on the biorefinery concept. This review describes the present situation of the oleaginous yeast biorefinery research, emphasizing the feedstock, processes and techniques involved in this concept, as well as on potential bioproducts that can be obtained from oleaginous yeast biomass.

Current challenges of microalgae applications: exploiting the potential of non-conventional microalgae species.

The intensified attention to health, the growth of an elderly population, the changing lifestyles, and the medical discoveries have increased demand for natural and nutrient-rich foods, shaping the popularity of microalgae products. Microalgae thanks to their metabolic versatility represent a promising solution for a 'green' economy, exploiting non-arable land, non-potable water, capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) and solar energy. The interest in microalgae is justified by their high content of bioactive molecules, such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (as ω-3 fatty acids), pigments (as β-carotene, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, zeaxanthin and lutein), or mineral elements. Such molecules are of interest for human and animal nutrition, cosmetic and biofuel production, for which microalgae are potential renewable sources. Microalgae, also, represent effective biological systems for treating a variety of wastewaters and can be used as a CO2 mitigation approach, helping to combat greenhouse gases and global warming emergencies. Recently a growing interest has focused on extremophilic microalgae species, which are easier to cultivate axenically and represent good candidates for open pond cultivation. In some cases, the cultivation and/or harvesting systems are still immature, but novel techniques appear as promising solutions to overcome such barriers. This review provides an overview on the actual microalgae cultivation systems and the current state of their biotechnological applications to obtain high value compounds or ingredients. Moreover, potential and future research opportunities for environment, human and animal benefits are pointed out. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Biofuels from cyanobacteria -a metabolic engineering approach

The concern about the limited availability of petroleum-based fuels and their role in increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere has sparked significant attention toward biofuel and bioenergy production. The global pursuit of sustainable energy sources has catalyzed innovative research into alternative biofuel production strategies. Transforming CO2 into usable fuels and chemicals is gaining even more prominence. Cyanobacteria, renowned for their photosynthetic ability, have emerged as promising candidates for biofuel synthesis. Their ability to convert solar energy and carbon dioxide into valuable biofuels makes them a compelling avenue for sustainable energy solutions. Using metabolic engineering principles, researchers have endeavored to optimize cyanobacterial metabolic pathways, enhance photosynthetic efficiency, and redirect carbon flux toward biofuel precursors. Numerous species of cyanobacteria offer genetic and metabolic traits that facilitate manipulation, and their photosynthetic characteristics imply that carbohydrates, fatty acids, and even alcohol could serve as potential renewable sources for biofuels. This review showcases cyanobacteria's ability as a biofuel source and emphasizes the transformative influence of metabolic engineering employed in the creation and production of "cyanofuels”

A study on the assessment of renewable energy resources for power generation using the MCDM approach

The development and survival of contemporary economies are fundamentally dependent on energy. Practically every aspect of human well-being depends on it, encompassing "sustainability, employment, connectivity to necessities, and the economy, health care, employment, and education". Energy is regarded as being essential to the economic system and a key factor in a nation's prosperity. Developing markets must diversify their energy sources to ensure energy independence, supply options, employment generation, and sustainable development. A comprehensive energy development strategy is essential to meet supply and demand since population growth and modernization are two major drivers of rising energy needs.“The multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method" is used to decide amongst many renewable power sources when numerous criteria are present. Using the COPRAS rating system, the report examines five alternative energy sources "PV, solar thermal, hydro, wind, and biomass"—against five components. "Solar PV ranks fifth, solar thermal is third, hydro is first, the wind is fourth, and biomass is second" in the COPRAS ranking of alternatives. Hydro recorded the largest significance compared to biomass, trailed by “solar thermal, wind, and solar PV”, as per the COPRAS ranking. "Hydro > Biomass > Solar Thermal > Wind > Solar PV" sums up the order. The most potential renewable source for economic development, according to this, is hydro.

Green hydrogen in India: Prioritization of its potential and viable renewable source

Green hydrogen, a carbon-neutral fuel, has the potential to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. Its potential is immense in renewable-rich Asian economies, however, its production is yet to start with key factors such as safety parameters, resources, proper government incentives, and public acceptability affecting its optimal generation. This study employs three multi-criteria decision-making approach like analytic hierarchy process (AHP), decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and Fuzzy-AHP followed by the sensitivity analysis to identify and prioritize the robustness of the five primary potentials (social, political, economic, technical, and environmental). Subsequently, categorized into 22 sub-potentials of green hydrogen and ideal renewable resource for the sustainable development objective of India. The results of the DEMATEL analysis suggest that the social is the key predictor and the last one is Technical. The Fuzzy-TOPSIS method suggests that solar is the best renewable energy resource followed by wind, small hydro, and biomass energy. Hence, the government's intervention and robust policy frameworks are required to increase its production with special emphasis on cost considering solar energy. The finding of this study will guide the governments, energy sector players, producers, environmental advocacy groups, and users to make a strategic decision regarding the choice of the most viable source of renewable energy to achieve the targets of sustainable development Goals (SDGs-7).

Middle East energy consumption and potential renewable sources: An overview

Despite having enormous fossil fuel resources, the Middle East is susceptible to drops in oil and gas prices, which hurts the country budget. Even while the Middle Eastern countries that import energy enjoy cheaper energy costs, several of these nations have experienced war, social disorder, and political upheaval, which has made the position of the energy of the region very difficult. Water shortages are another significant issue in the Middle East. This region might be classified as a desert. The management of water resources is becoming more and more important in the area as water shortages become a serious problem. To address the current energy crisis and strengthen energy security, the Middle Eastern governments have established commendable renewable energy projects over the years. However, there is still a sizable gap between the potential of renewable energy and production that can be exploited due to rising demand and population growth. This research reported a description of the energy consumption of the Middle East and the viability of the potential renewable energy. The predicted technical result shows that the Middle East region is rich in potential solar and wind, which is the most probable option to satisfy future energy demands via a regional transmission system owing to the severe intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. In the end, it has been shown that, especially in the Middle East, which depends heavily on fossil fuels for its gross domestic product, several policy options need to be studied and put into place for renewable energy goals to be met.

Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus Hydrolysis Enzymes through Immobilized S. cerevisiae

Lignocellulose, the main component of a plant cell wall, is a potential renewable bioenergy source. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structures. Cellulose is a linear polysaccharide that is hydrolyzed chemically or enzymatically by cellulase. The addition of lignocellulosic biomass, such as wheat bran and coffee pulp, into the fermentation culture, induces the production of cellulases. Cellulose accounts for 20% of the enzyme market worldwide, demonstrating benefits in diverse applications, especially bioethanol and biogas generation. The aim is to evaluate the optimal condition for bioethanol production by previously isolated fungal species from different soil types in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study attempts to evaluate and optimize the culture conditions of lignocellulosic biomass under SSF using the highest cellulases-producer strains in the region: Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus (GenBank Accession No. MT328516 and MT328429, respectively) to produce raw sugar that consequently is used in the next step of bioethanol production. This process has two parts: (1) hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomass to obtain raw sugar using A. niger and A. flavus that produce cellulase, and (2) produce bioethanol through the conversion of the raw sugar produced from the cellulolysis into ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The optimal conditions under SSF were seven days of incubation, 5% glucose as a carbon source, 1% ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, and 80% moisture for both isolates. Biochemical characterization showed stability for the immobilized enzyme in all temperature ranges (from 20 °C to 70 °C), while the free enzyme exhibited its maximum at 20 °C of 1.14 IU/mL. CMCase production was the highest at pH 4.0 (1.26 IU/mL) for free enzyme and at pH 5.0 (2.09 IU/mL) for the immobilized form. The CMCase activity increased steadily with an increase in water level and attained a maximum of 80% moisture content. The maximum enzyme activity was with coffee pulp as a substrate of 7.37 IU/mL and 6.38 IU/mL for A. niger and A. flavus after seven days of incubation, respectively. The Carboxymethyl Cellulase (CMCase) activity in immobilized enzymes showed good storage stability under SSF for six weeks, maintaining 90% of its initial activity, while the free enzyme retained only 59% of its original activity. As a carbon source, glucose was the best inducer of CMCase activity with coffee pulp substrate (7.41 IU/mL and 6.33 IU/mL for A. niger and A. flavus, respectively). In both fungal strains, ammonium sulfate caused maximum CMCase activities with coffee pulp as substrate (7.62 IU/mL and 6.47 IU/mL for A. niger and A. flavus, respectively). Immobilized S. cerevisiae showed an increase in ethanol production compared to free cells. In the case of immobilized S. cerevisiae cells, the concentration of ethanol was increased steadily with increasing fermentation time and attained a maximum of 71.39 mg/mL (A. niger) and 11.73 mg/mL (A. flavus) after 72 h of fermentation.

Recycling waste vehicle tyres into crumb rubber and the transition to renewable energy sources: A comprehensive life cycle assessment

This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) on converting waste vehicle tyres into recycled crumb rubber (CR) granules as an alternative polymer for enhancing asphalt properties. The LCA study has been performed on acquired industrial primary data by incorporating CR at different proportions of binder in one ton (1-ton) of asphalt mix following the wet method. The uncertainty analysis of design variables identified a relatively strong positive relation of emissions with the equipment energy consumption (r = 0.98). Monte Carlo simulations evaluate the potential renewable sources (solar, hydro, and wind) in sequence over fossil fuels for the possible transition in the Australian grid by 2030 and 2050, as per the Paris Agreement. 71.91% reduction of CO2 emissions is achievable by recycling vehicle tyres into crumb rubber compared to landfill and incineration. Recycling by-products of CR production, such as steel and textile, significantly mitigates negative impacts. A decrease of 2.23% emissions was associated to the use of crumb rubber as a binder modifier in the asphalt mixture via the midpoint assessment. In endpoint LCA, a higher association of resource (US$) saving costs was observed than for other protective zones, i.e., human health and ecosystem damage. Recycling 466,000 tonnes of disposable waste tyres contributes to 16.1 million US$ worth of resource savings. An equitable industry-based LCA and uncertainty analysis of design parameters can assist in prioritizing suitable options to improve efficiency and future emission strategies on a global scale.

Reversible switching performance of water droplet-driven triboelectric nanogenerators using a magnetocontrollable lubricant-infused surface for sustainable power generation

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are attracting great attention as potential renewable power sources; in particular, water droplet-driven liquid–solid (LS) TENGs are highly useful due to their abundant sources in daily life. This study developed a novel approach for switching the LS triboelectrification by using a magnetocontrollable lubricant-infused surface (MCLIS). The basic units of the MCLIS-based TENG (MCLIS-TENG), that is, magnetocontrollable microwires, showed different alignment states, i.e., vertically standing or lying down, depending on the direction of the applied magnetic field. These reversible wetting states generated distinctive voltage outputs of ∼2 V (ON state) and < 0.5 V (OFF state), correspondingly. ON/OFF cycles revealed excellent reversibility and stability even after 90 cycles. The switching characteristics of the MCLIS-TENG were studied systematically by varying the Weber number, inclination angle, and lubricant thickness. The proposed device also demonstrated highly sustainable power generation by utilizing the switchable wetting states even under high humidity, where the performance of most LS-TENGs degraded due to surface wetting problems. In addition, the MCLIS-TENG based self-powered magnetic proximity sensor is proposed as an exemplary application to detect the magnetic field intensity and the location of sensing object. This work provides a new idea of magnetoresponsive triboelectric switching, widening the TENG usability in low-power-consumption applications such as wireless switches and self-powered sensors.

Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Polyphenolic Antioxidants: Flavonoids, Stilbenoids and Hydrolyzable Tannins.

Due to their chemical properties and biological activity, antioxidants of plant origin have gained interest as valuable components of the human diet, potential food preservatives and additives, ingredients of cosmetics and factors implicated in tolerance mechanisms against environmental stress. Plant polyphenols are the most prominent and extensively studied, albeit not only group of, secondary plant (specialized) metabolites manifesting antioxidative activity. Because of their potential economic importance, the productive and renewable sources of the compounds are desirable. Over thirty years of research on hairy root cultures, as both producers of secondary plant metabolites and experimental systems to investigate plant biosynthetic pathways, brought about several spectacular achievements. The present review focuses on the Rhizobium rhizogenes-transformed roots that either may be efficient sources of plant-derived antioxidants or were used to elucidate some regulatory mechanisms responsible for the enhanced accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues.

Future Paradigm of 3D Printed Ni-Based Metal Organic Framework Catalysts for Dry Methane Reforming: Techno-economic and Environmental Analyses.

Dry reforming of biogas is referred as an attractive path for sustainable H2 production over decades. Meanwhile, in the Malaysian context, the abundance of palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced annually is deemed as a potential renewable source for renewable energy generation. Conventionally, nickel (Ni) is the most common catalyst used in the industrial-scale dry reforming of methane (DRM) to yield H2, but it is subject to the drawbacks of sintering and deactivation after a long reaction time at high temperatures (>500 °C). Therefore, this work aims to provide an insight on the feasibility of the application of modified Ni-based catalysts in DRM, specifically in the economic and environmental aspects. From the benchmarking study of various Ni-based catalysts (e.g., bimetallic (Ni-Ce/Al2O3), alumina support (Ni/Al2O3), protonated titanate nanotube (Ni-HTNT), and unsupported), the Ni-MOF catalyst, notably, had proven its prominence in both economic and environmental aspects on the same basis of 10 tonnes of H2 production. The MOF-based catalyst not only possessed a better economic performance (net present value 61.86%, 140%, and 563.08% higher than that of Ni-Ce/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3, and Ni-HTNT) but also had relatively lower carbon emissions (13.18%, 20.09%, and 75.72% lower than that of Ni/Al2O3, Ni-HTNT, and unsupported Ni). This work also accounted for 3D printing technology for the mass production of Ni-MOF catalysts, where the net present value was 2 to 3% higher than that of the conventional production method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis showed that the H2 price has the greatest impact on the feasibility of DRM as compared to other cost factors.

Optimization of operating parameters for diesel engine fuelled with bio-oil derived from cottonseed pyrolysis

In this study, the cottonseed as a potential renewable source for producing surrogate bio-fuel is elaborated. Indeed, this study included two stages, in which the extraction of the bio-oil from cottonseed through the intermediate pyrolysis process in a fixed-bed reactor was presented in the first stage. Furthermore, produced bio-oil has shown their physicochemical properties suitable for engine application. In the second stage, the analysis of performance (including brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption) and emission characteristics (including nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and smoke opacity) of a water-cooled, 4-stroke, 1-cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of bio-oil/diesel fuel in the case of changing compression ratio and engine load were carried out. More importantly, the response surface method technique was applied to optimize the operational parameters of the test engine. In conclusion, the validation experiments were performed to ensure the reliability of the obtained optimized results, indicating that the test engine operated with 5% bio-oil blended with 95% diesel fuel, a compression ratio of 18:1, and at 50% of engine load could offer the best performance and emission characteristics with a desirability factor of 0.617 and an error < 5% for the validated parameters.

Experimental investigation of motion behavior in irregular wave and site selection analysis of a hybrid offshore renewable power station for Egypt

The majority of the population living in coastal remote areas does not have access to energy sources in Egypt. Development of living standards in such areas without infrastructure can be achieved through floating power stations. Novel cylindrical power station powered by hybrid marine renewable resources is proposed to overcome energy shortage in such areas. The objective of the present study is to experimentally evaluate the motion behaviour of the proposed concept in different load conditions for critical environmental loads in order to obtain model characteristic data which is critical in the structure's verification and other post-analysis study. Furthermore, selecting suitable deployment site for the proposed concept was performed based on integrated geographical information systems and multi-criteria decision model considering the potential of renewable sources in Egypt. The experimental test was conducted using 1:100 model-scale in irregular wave which is a more realistic condition in order to check the operational safety among critical conditions. The site selection analysis show that Marsa Alam area has the highest priority to place the proposed concept. Moreover, the time-domain analysis results indicate that the proposed concept can safely operate in the selected deployment area subjected to environmental loads.

Experimental and Simulation of Solar Drying Cabinet with PCM and SiO2 Materials

Solar energy is a potential renewable source in Indonesia, especially for the drying process. The process needs a drying cabinet as a support component to store the drying product. A high-quality drying cabinet to store heat for a long time is needed. This research aims to compare the thermal performance of the drying cabinet without PCM (phase change material) and SiO2 materials or DC I (drying cabinet I) with the drying cabinet that uses PCM and SiO2 materials or DC II (drying cabinet II). The research was carried out by experimental and simulation to investigate thermal performance and fluid flow characteristics. The experiment was carried out inside the laboratory to set uniform initial parameters and the simulation using computational fluid dynamics software. The drying cabinet was modeled in 3D. The experiment result showed DC II had a higher air temperature and lowered relative air humidity for two hours than DC I. The simulation result showed air temperature differences and backflow in the air streamline in the DC II.

Separation and catalytic depolymerization of empty palm fruit bunch lignin

Lignin is a heterogeneous and complex polymer and a potential renewable source of aromatic compounds as precursors to many industrially useful products. Microbial biotransformations for lignin valorization are reported but require not only its separation from biomass matrix but also breakdown into its monomeric components. Abundantly available empty palm fruit bunch was used as the lignin-rich biomass to process it to obtain a mixture of lignin-derived monomeric aliphatic and aromatic compounds. A two-step acid-alkali treatment was deployed to extract lignin and its breakdown into smaller fragments. Dilute nitric acid treatment could extract 80% of the lignin and the hydrolysate was fractionated through a series of nanofiltration membranes. The residual polymeric lignin obtained after monomer separation was catalytically depolymerized using Cu/Al2O3 under optimized conditions i.e., 180 °C, 7 MPa, 60 min, methanol: water ratio as 1:1 to give 80% conversion. Lignin mixture at every step was analyzed by GC-MS and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The scheme resulted in 37% of the overall lignin being obtained as monomers.

Transgenic rice plants expressing the α-L-arabinofuranosidase of Coprinopsis cinerea exhibit strong dwarfism and markedly enhanced tillering.

Lignocellulosic materials are potential renewable sources of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. In this study, we used the CcAbf62A gene encoding CcAbf62A, a putative extracellular α-L-arabinofuranosidase, cloned from the mycotrophic basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. CcAbf62A acts on arabinoxylan, the major hemicellulose of grasses, releasing arabinose. CcAbf62A was introduced into rice with the aim of enhancing delignification efficiency and the availability of lignocellulosic materials without reducing lignin content. Among the 32 lines of regenerated transgenic rice, 13 exhibited markedly disrupted elongation growth and excessive tillering (dwarf), seven showed delayed elongation growth (retarded-growth), and 12 showed phenotypes similar to those of control plants (normal). Additionally, the dwarf lines showed reduced acclimation. RT-PCR analysis revealed that dwarf lines had higher levels of CcAbf62A expression than retarded-growth and normal lines. Although the lignin content of transgenic rice plants expressing CcAbf62A did not differ significantly from that of control rice plants, dwarf lines were characterized by delayed deposition of lignin in the culms compared with the controls. The reduced acclimation ability of dwarf lines is believed to be associated with increased water loss and reduced water conductivity concomitant with delayed lignin deposition. Contrary to expectations, the alkaline delignification rates of dwarf and retarded-growth Abf lines were slightly lower than those of control rice plants. Our findings indicate that CcAbf62A reduces ferulate-lignin cross-links by detaching arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan and increases the relative abundance of alkaline-resistant benzyl ether cross-links. CcAbf62A is anticipated to provide new approaches for breeding plants containing altered lignocellulosic materials or lodging-resistant crops.

Recent Advances on Pt-Free Electro-Catalysts for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Since Prof. Grätzel and co-workers achieved breakthrough progress on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in 1991, DSSCs have been extensively investigated and wildly developed as a potential renewable power source in the last two decades due to their low cost, low energy-intensive processing, and high roll-to-roll compatibility. During this period, the highest efficiency recorded for DSSC under ideal solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2) has increased from ~7% to ~14.3%. For the practical use of solar cells, the performance of photovoltaic devices in several conditions with weak light irradiation (e.g., indoor) or various light incident angles are also an important item. Accordingly, DSSCs exhibit high competitiveness in solar cell markets because their performances are less affected by the light intensity and are less sensitive to the light incident angle. However, the most used catalyst in the counter electrode (CE) of a typical DSSC is platinum (Pt), which is an expensive noble metal and is rare on earth. To further reduce the cost of the fabrication of DSSCs on the industrial scale, it is better to develop Pt-free electro-catalysts for the CEs of DSSCs, such as transition metallic compounds, conducting polymers, carbonaceous materials, and their composites. In this article, we will provide a short review on the Pt-free electro-catalyst CEs of DSSCs with superior cell compared to Pt CEs; additionally, those selected reports were published within the past 5 years.

Small Heat Source Used for Combustion of Wheat-Straw Pellets

Wheat straw, as a secondary waste agricultural product, presents a potential renewable source of energy. It is necessary to design simple heat sources to achieve better usage. As part of an analysis of heat sources, a tubular type of heat exchanger was reviewed. The design of the exchanger was focused on the smallest possible dimensional requirements, low costs, high reliability and easy maintenance. We chose a tubular type of heat exchanger. In our case, flue gas flows through the tubes, and water flows outside of the tubes. This type of exchanger allows for continuous cleaning, but also simple maintenance, even in case of equipment failure. It is possible to replace individual parts (pipes) of equipment that are exposed to the adverse corrosive effects of biomass flue gases. A mathematical model was composed to compute the construction of a heat source. The model was verified by CFD simulation. The main idea of this design is modularity. The composed model can be used to design a series of similar heat sources with different levels of power, and which, as it is of maximal availability for this type of construction, increase use of waste straw as fuel by small farms.

The competition possibility between renewable energy and fossil energy in Vietnam in the future

ABSTRACT With high economic growth, Vietnam is now witnessing an increasing energy demand, having much potential for renewable sources such as wind energy, solar energy or biomass energy. The nation is heavily dependent on fossil energy sources such as coal and oil. This situation raises concerns about both energy security and the environment. Therefore, a question arises if Vietnam can develop renewable energy to solve energy demand, energy security and reduce climate change impacts as committed. This article analyses a considerable potential for renewable energy sources (especially wind and solar energy). The analysis also indicates competitiveness between these renewable energy sources compared to the traditional energy sources that Vietnam is dependent on, especially when there are policies to encourage the development of renewable energy and limit emissions. This article proposes some recommendations to develop renewable energy sources, with an overview of replacing fossil energy in Vietnam.