Potential Skin Care Research Articles

Nano-sized lysate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from green tea leaves as a potential skin care ingredient

Nano-sized lysate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from green tea leaves as a potential skin care ingredient

Skin Health and Complexion Improvement Benefits of Selected Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants

Skin health and complexion improvement have become more prioritized and the need for natural remedies are more in demand than the synthetic options. Research in the area of skin care is growing with regular updation of facts and data. In Ayurveda, skin complexion improvement is comparable to the modern concepts such as tyrosinase inhibition and anti-oxidant activity. In this review, selected Ayurvedic medicinal plants are screened from classical Ayurvedic texts as well as the modern scientific literature to investigate their probable potential for skin health and skin lightening effects. All the plants reviewed are found to act as complexion promoters directly or indirectly by their interference in melanogenesis pathway or through antioxidant potentials. This efficiently confirms the goodness of these plants as potential skin care and whitening agents.

Stability, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) Extract Mask Preparations as Potential Skin Care Products

Stability, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) Extract Mask Preparations as Potential Skin Care Products

Under-eye patch based on PVA-gelatin nanocomposite nanofiber as a potential skin care product for fast delivery of the coenzyme Q10 anti-aging agent: in vitro and in vivo studies

Under-eye patch based on PVA-gelatin nanocomposite nanofiber as a potential skin care product for fast delivery of the coenzyme Q10 anti-aging agent: in vitro and in vivo studies

Development of a novel in vitro strategy to understand the impact of shaving on skin health: combining tape strip exfoliation and human skin equivalent technology.

The removal of unwanted hair is a widespread grooming practice adopted by both males and females. Although many depilatory techniques are now available, shaving remains the most common, despite its propensity to irritate skin. Current techniques to investigate the impact of shaving regimes on skin health rely on costly and lengthy clinical trials, which hinge on recruitment of human volunteers and can require invasive biopsies to elucidate cellular and molecular-level changes. Well-characterised human skin equivalent technology was combined with a commonplace dermatological technique of tape stripping, to remove cellular material from the uppermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). This method of exfoliation recapitulated aspects of razor-based shaving in vitro, offering a robust and standardised in vitro method to study inflammatory processes such as those invoked by grooming practices. Tape strip insult induced inflammatory changes in the skin equivalent such as: increased epidermal proliferation, epidermal thickening, increased cytokine production and impaired barrier function. These changes paralleled effects seen with a single dry razor pass, correlated with the number of tape strips removed, and were attenuated by pre-application of shaving foam, or post-application of moisturisation. Tape strip removal is a common dermatological technique, in this study we demonstrate a novel application of tape stripping, to mimic barrier damage and inflammation associated with a dry shave. We validate this method, comparing it to razor-based shaving in vitro and demonstrate the propensity of suitable shave- and skin-care formulations to mitigate damage. This provides a novel methodology to examine grooming associated damage and a platform for screening potential skin care formulations.

Emerging role of bio-based solvents mixtures to increase the solubility and recovery of carotenoids from processed carrot wastes for potential skin care application

Carotenoids are abundant in food waste and offer various health benefits. In response to the growing demand for sustainable technologies, this study aims to establish an efficient recovery protocol for carotenoids (β-carotene and α-carotene) from carrot waste using eco-friendly solvents. The effectiveness of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), limonene (Lim), and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) in extracting carotenoids is compared with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), a conventional green solvent commonly used to replace hexane and petroleum ether. The solubility behavior was evaluated using experimental and in silico approaches, along with assessing the hydrotropic effect, thermal stability, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the irritability of the recovered carotenoids has been investigated concerning potential skin care applications. The highest recovery yields of β-carotene (72.21 ± 6.21 μg/g) and α-carotene (56.11 ± 4.83 μg/g) were achieved using an EtOAc:2-MeTHF mixture, resulting in an increase of approximately 25 μg/g compared to the control (EtOAc). The EtOAc:2-MeTHF mixture indicated that approximately 37% of the carotenoids were degraded after 336 h with a Dvalue of 677 h. CAMs treated with the recovered carotenoids showed no visible response during the 300-second period, with all SI values at 0.7. The recovered carotenoids demonstrated positive biological activities and biocompatibility for use on human skin as an anti-aging agent. These results indicate that the carotenoids obtained from carrot waste have the potential for further application in the cosmetic industry.

Dendrobium officinale Enzyme Changing the Structure and Behaviors of Chitosan/γ-poly(glutamic acid) Hydrogel for Potential Skin Care.

Hydrogels have been widespreadly used in various fields. But weak toughness has limited their further applications. In this study, Dendrobium officinale enzyme (DOE) was explored to improve chitosan/γ-poly(glutamic acid) (CS/γ-PGA) hydrogel in the structure and properties. The results indicated that DOE with various sizes of ingredients can make multiple noncovalent crosslinks with the skeleton network of CS/γ-PGA, significantly changing the self-assembly of CS/γ-PGA/DOE hydrogel to form regular protuberance nanostructures, which exhibits stronger toughness and better behaviors for skin care. Particularly, 4% DOE enhanced the toughness of CS/γ-PGA/DOE hydrogel, increasing it by 116%. Meanwhile, water absorption, antioxygenation, antibacterial behavior and air permeability were increased by 39%, 97%, 27% and 52%.

Catalase Activity in Keratinocytes, Stratum Corneum, and Defatted Algae Biomass as a Potential Skin Care Ingredient.

The generation of reactive oxygen species presents a destructive challenge for the skin organ and there is a clear need to advance skin care formulations aiming at alleviating oxidative stress. The aim of this work was to characterize the activity of the antioxidative enzyme catalase in keratinocytes and in the skin barrier (i.e., the stratum corneum). Further, the goal was to compare the activity levels with the corresponding catalase activity found in defatted algae biomass, which may serve as a source of antioxidative enzymes, as well as other beneficial algae-derived molecules, to be employed in skin care products. For this, an oxygen electrode-based method was employed to determine the catalase activity and the apparent kinetic parameters for purified catalase, as well as catalase naturally present in HaCaT keratinocytes, excised stratum corneum samples collected from pig ears with various amounts of melanin, and defatted algae biomass from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Taken together, this work illustrates the versatility of the oxygen electrode-based method for characterizing catalase function in samples with a high degree of complexity and enables the assessment of sample treatment protocols and comparisons between different biological systems related to the skin organ or algae-derived materials as a potential source of skin care ingredients for combating oxidative stress.

Aqueous and polyphenol-rich Larrea divaricata Cav. extracts as potential skin care agents

Skin cells are affected by UV-induced oxidative stress resulting in photoaging and diseases. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of an aqueous extract of Larrea divaricata(Aq) and a flavonoid rich fraction (EA), obtained by liquid/liquid fractionation, on the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts by the tritiated thymidine uptake assay and on cell viability by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF), peroxidase (Px)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were determined by kinetic spectrophotometric assays, and the phytochemical composition was determined by HPLC-UV and HPLC MS/MS.Aq and EA induced keratinocytes and fibroblast proliferation, protected fibroblasts from H2O2-induced apoptosis and exerted SOD-like and Px-like activities. Aq and EA had a high sun UVB protection factor. So, L. divaricatacould be used in a future for the development of new dermocosmetic or phytotherapy adjuvant in skin oxidative damage.

The effects of baths and wet wraps with a sweet whey solution on the level of hydration and barrier function of the epidermis.

IntroductionSweet whey is known for its various pharmacological uses as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. This is because whey proteins accelerate the release of bioactive peptides, increase the level of intracellular glutathione and the production of interleukin IL-8. However, the potential skin care effects of whey, especially in its unprocessed state, are still not clear.AimTo evaluate in vivo the cosmetic features of sweet whey baths and wet wraps on human skin.Material and methodsThirteen healthy Caucasian adult females with no dermatological diseases were examined. We used the Courage-Khazaka MPA-9 device to evaluate the effects of sweet whey baths/wet wraps on skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and melanin and erythema index and pH level in human skin.ResultsIt appeared that bathing in the sweet whey solution significantly improved the barrier function of the skin in comparison with tap water treated control area on the face cheek as well as on the forearm by decreasing the value of transepidermal water loss with statistical significance. Skin hydration was enhanced only on the facial skin. No significant differences concerning other parameters were observed.ConclusionsWe showed that sweet whey may have decreased the TEWL level and fixed the barrier function of epidermis in this way. It seems that a bath solution with sweet whey is well tolerated and may promote local blood circulation without affecting the pH value of the skin.

Xylan-based hydrogels for potential skin care application

Skin care biomaterials from natural compounds are increasingly needed in recent. We demonstrate a simple strategy to fabricate the dialdehyde xylan (DAX) crosslinked hydrogel with skin care potential. The hydrogel mainly consists of dialdehyde xylan, which is used as crosslinker for gelatin (G). Glycerol (Gly) and nicotinamide (NCA) are introduced here for improving the texture, antibacterial property as well as skin care functionality. The in vitro release results demonstrate that NCA can be released smoothly from the xylan-based gel, whereby the xylan-based fabricated gel can be utilized as an ideal matrix gel in skin care with loading and release function. The antibacterial ability is in the following order: Yeast > Bacillus subtilis > Staphylococcus aureus. The cytocompatibility experiments confirm the excellent viability of the gel. These merits demonstrate the fabricated hydrogel as a potential material in skin care.

Liposomal Vitamin D3 as an Anti-aging Agent for the Skin.

Vitamin D3 is an effective skin protective substance to prevent photoaging. Liposomes were used as a carrier to deliver vitamin D3 to improve the stability and to enhance the treatment effect of vitamin D3. The stability of vitamin D3 liposomes, average cumulative penetration, and retention of vitamin D3 in the skin were then evaluated and compared with free vitamin D3. Finally, the treatment effect of vitamin D3 liposomes in a rat photoaging model was appraised and Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess the histology changes of the skin after vitamin D3 liposome treatment. The results indicated that liposomes could significantly improve the stability of vitamin D3. The average skin retention of vitamin D3 liposomes was 1.65 times that of the vitamin D3 solution. Vitamin D3 liposomes could repair the surface morphology of skin in the photoaging model and promote the production of new collagen fibers. Vitamin D3 liposomes as a potential skin care agent could significantly improve skin appearance and repair damage in the histology of photoaging.

157 - Skin Antiaging and Detoxifying Properties of Ancient Tea Forest Pu’er Tea

Skin aging is mainly linked to degradation of the extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, environmental stress, and weakening of the skin’s natural defenses. Pu’er is a gradually fermented and aged tea (Camellia sinensis) produced in Yunnan, China. Ancient tea forests with tall, old trees are still found growing on acidic soils with rich microfloras at altitudes of 150–1500 m in subtropical southern Yunnan, near the Myanmar border. The leaves of C. sinensis plants in these forests were examined to identify properties having potential skin care applications. Phytochemical analysis of ancient tea forest Pu’er tea reveals a higher polyphenol concentration than in green tea as well as a specific catechin and catechin oligomer composition that may help protect the skin. Elastin is the main protein modified during skin aging, and this explains the loss of biomechanical properties that characterizes this process. We performed a conventional in vitro anti–human leukocyte elastase assay, measuring absorbance at 410 nm. Our polyphenol-rich Pu’er tea extract had an IC50 (µg/ml) of 3.36, while the standard inhibitor, oleanolic acid, had an IC50 of 11.68. Heme oxygenase (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme known to maintain the healthy function of tissues and limit oxidative damage to them. HO-1 expression is directly correlated with pollution—i.e., high concentrations of organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and reactive fine or ultrafine particles. After exposing RAW264.7 macrophages cells to hemin (toxin) at 5 µM/L and Pu’er tea extract at 5 and 50 µg/ml, HO-1 gene expression was measured at 75% and 92% respectively, showing that the extract has strong protective effects. These findings point to potential detoxifying and elastin-protecting properties of value for use in skin care products.

158 - Evaluation of the Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Fresh and Fermented Pu-Erh Tea

Dried tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) contain various antioxidant molecules depending on their origin and preparation method. Computational methods are used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of their phenolic compounds as well as their free radical scavenging capacity. Extracts from young Puerh tea shoots and fermented cakes originated from tea forests in China's Yunnan province were analysed. The more a weak O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) is, the greater the capacity of an O-H to give its hydrogen and act as an antioxidant. The theoretic calculations on the main phenolic compounds present (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechingallate (ECG), and theaflavin) demonstrate the importance of the catechol and galloyl nuclei. Moreover, theaflavin contains a trihydroxy-annulene nucleus with a ketone forming a hydrogen bonds stabilising network. Superoxides and singlet oxygens are toxic energetic radicals involved in skin ageing, effects of UV light and pollution. Comparing the BDE values and kinetic constants on superoxides gives the following ranking: EGCG>ECG ≈ EGC>catechin ≈ epicatechin. The theoretic assessment of the kinetic constants of the scavenging capacity of singlet oxygen indicates similar and very high values (107-108 M-1.s-1) for the compounds, which suggest they are effective at scavenging these radicals. Extracts from young leaves rich in particularly active catechol and galloyl fragments, are able to scavenge the main reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, superoxide, singlet oxygen) at a faster rate. The high concentration of theaflavin in young leaf extract increases its superoxide scavenging. Extracts from fermented tea cakes richer in catechin oligomers (average degree of polymerisation 3-4), explains the enzyme inhibition and detoxifying activities. The use of one of the two extracts or a combination enables to modulate a potential skin care action.

Lignin coating to quench photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for potential skin care applications

Ultraviolet light can cause photodamage to the skin, such as sunburn and melanomas.

English

Agaricus brasiliensis is a valuable food mushroom that exhibits several pharmacological activities. The beneficial effects of the A. brasiliensis methanol extract on skin health have never been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential skin care effects of extract from A. brasiliensis. The results reveal that A. brasiliensis methanol extract exhibited apparent inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis and suppressed the expression levels of melanogenesis-related proteins. Also, the extract depleted the intracellular level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The methanol extract inhibited mushromm tyrosinase activity, suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 0.713 mg/mL) and decreased the amount of melanin (IC50 = 0.711 mg/ml) in B16F10 cells. The protein expression levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP 1) were decreased by the methanol extract. Our results show that A. brasiliensis methanol extract inhibited melanogenesis and depleted intracelluylar ROS in B16F10 cells. Thus, A. brasiliensis methanol extract could be applied as a type of natural skin depigmentinging agent in skin care products. Key words: Agaricus brasiliensis, tyrosinase, melanin, reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Lipid peroxidation-derived 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins accumulate in human facial skin fibroblasts during ageing in vitro

The reactive aldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), is recognized as a product of lipid peroxidation, which binds to macromolecules, in particular proteins. HNE-modified proteins (HNE-MP) have been shown to accumulate during ageing, generally by using polyclonal antibodies, which increase the possibility of detecting false positives. Therefore, we have used a genuine monoclonal antibody specific for HNE-His adducts of proteins/peptides, which were revealed by immunoblotting method for whole-cell HNE-MP measurements in serially passaged human facial skin fibroblasts undergoing ageing in vitro. There was a significant increase in the levels of HNE-MP in serially passaged cells approaching a near senescent state at high passage level (P-61), as compared with low passage level (P-11) young and middle-aged (P-27) cells. However, if the cells were analyzed soon after re-initiation from the frozen samples with little further passaging, the amount of HNE-MP was low even in relatively high passage level (P-37) cells, which is an indication of selective elimination of cells with high molecular damage during the process of thawing and re-initiation in culture. This pilot study on normal human facial skin fibroblasts shows that HNE-MP detection by monoclonal antibody-based dot blot method can be used as a marker for age-related accumulation of lipid peroxidative molecular damage, and could be useful for testing and monitoring the effects of potential skin care products on ageing parameters.

Cosmetic formulations containing Lithospermum erythrorhizon root extract show moisturizing effects on human skin

Retention of water in the stratum corneum of skin epidermis plays an important role in regulation of skin function. Loss of water may decline skin appearance gradually and lead to irregular skin disorders. The root extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LES) is known for its various pharmacological activities. However, the potential skin care effect of LES is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy and skin barrier repairing activity of LES. For this study, 30 healthy Asian females (age 20-30) with healthy skin had applied the test emulsions twice daily over a period of 28 days. The skin properties were measured by skin bioengineering techniques. Our preliminary results indicated that LES show moisturizing effect on skin hydration in a time- and dose-dependent pattern, and the maximum increase in skin humidity was 11.77 +/- 1.18% for emulsion LES5.00. Particularly, LES-containing emulsions significantly improve skin barrier function by decreasing the value of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in a time- and dose-dependent pattern, and the maximum decrease in TEWL value was 7.68 +/- 0.79% for emulsion LES5.00. Taken together, our data demonstrate that LES is more effective in increasing skin humidity and decreasing the TEWL values, indicating the potential skin care effects of LES.