Potential Safety Hazards Research Articles

Dynamic Monitoring System of Oil Pipeline Leakage for Oil and Gas Safety

The conventional oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system has the problem of imperfect risk assessment link, which leads to the long alarm response time of the system. An oil and gas safety oriented oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system is designed. Hardware part: select MLLD sensor as voltage acquisition device, and connect RS-485 serial standard bus and other circuit devices. Software part: identify the leakage hazard source of oil pipeline, capture the corresponding characteristic points of leakage negative pressure wave, determine the location of leakage point, build the risk assessment model based on oil and gas safety theory, design the safety management function of dynamic monitoring system software, and clarify the potential safety hazards of oil and gas pipeline. Experimental results: the average alarm response time of the oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system based on data mining in this paper and the other two systems are 95.746s, 122.026s and 122.426s respectively, which proves that the oil pipeline leakage dynamic monitoring system integrating oil and gas safety theory has a higher value.

Fungal community analysis of hot spots in bulk maize under different storage conditions

Maize is one of the main cereals used for food and livestock feed. During storage, maize is easily infected by fungi to form mildew or cause hot spots, resulting in maize quality loss and potential safety hazards. We collected maize samples from normal spots and hot spots in three warehouses with different storage conditions (i.e., normal storage, N2-controlled atmosphere storage, and phosphine fumigation treatment storage) and used high-throughput sequencing and traditional culturing methods to investigate the fungal communities inducing hot spots. The results showed that there were large differences in the fungal communities on the maize within the three storage warehouses, and the community compositions of the hot spots and normal spots were different within the same warehouse. The storage conditions were highly associated with the fungal community alpha and beta diversities. Aspergillus penicillioides, A. vitricola, and A. chevalieri were the dominant fungal species inducing hot spots. Furthermore, the grain temperature and moisture content were significantly correlated with fungal community composition in hot spots and normal spots. These data are useful for grain depot managers evaluating the potential risks of fungi-induced hot spots and for optimizing storage conditions to reduce the risks of hot spots during maize storage.

A candidate strategy for low-temperature preheating of lithium-ion batteries based on supercooling salt hydrates

Preheating is necessary for lithium-ion batteries to avoid severe performance degradation and potential safety hazards at temperatures below 283.15 K. Supercooling salt hydrates as latent heat storage materials provide a promising candidate to preheat batteries in an extremely low-temperature environment. This paper selects Na2S2O3⋅5H2O (STP) and CH3COONa⋅3H2O (SAT) with deep supercooling properties and a prismatic LiFeO4 battery as the study objects. A parametric study is carried out to obtain an optimal design. The target preheating temperature of the battery is 293.15 K. After weighting the preheating time, effective utilization, specific energy, and specific power, the configuration that all the sides of the battery are covered with a salt hydrate thickness of 8.0 mm is considered to be the optimal design at 253.15 K. Heating rates are 0.236 K/s and 0.205 K/s for SAT and STP, respectively. However, when the ambient temperature increases to 273.15 K, the effective utilization of SAT and STP decreases by 30.46 % and 34.41 %, respectively. When the discharge rate increases from 1C to 5C, the state of charge (SOC) relative to the cut-off time of SAT and STP reduces from 85.45 % to 56.69 % and from 82.95 % to 57.46 %, respectively. This means a higher effective utilization is provided for a high discharge rate. Due to a higher melting point and higher fusion of heat, SAT shows a faster-preheating rate and higher effective utilization relative to STP, while the difference in average battery temperatures is slight.

Efficient novel penultimate joint detector for shrimps selection employing convolutional pose machine

Abstract Manual labor involved in shrimp extraction selection accounts for an extremely high proportion of processing time and also entails reduced accuracy and efficiency moreover even it could induce potential safety hazards. The key to substitute the manual process with automation lies in the identification and pinpointing of the penultimate joint in shrimps. Therefore, a cascaded neural network is proposed in this study to implement the detection of key points in a multi-shrimp scenario processing. More specifically, our model includes two stages: a shrimp detector based on YOLOv3 and followed by a pose estimator based on Convolutional Pose Machine (CPM). With the combination of attention mechanism and improved NMS strategy, our detector is equipped to resist noise interference in dense case, ubiquitous on the production line. Experimental results indicate that both the detection rate and the speed information extraction have achieved the standard of industry applications.

An Ontology to Represent the Prevention through Design (PtD) Concept in Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in the Construction Industry from an Architectural Perspective

The Prevention through Design (PtD) concept has been widely used to mitigate potential safety and health hazards and minimize residual risks during the early design phase. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) prioritizes project-wide collaboration and coordination; therefore, the importance of PtD has been widely recognized. There are still neglected issues pertaining to the implementation of the PtD concept from the architectural perspective. Hence, to fill this research gap, this review was motivated to highlight the ontological framework of PtD practices in the construction industry from the architectural perspective. The study is a thematic review aimed to synthesize the literature from 2011 to 2022 on the PtD concept from an architectural perspective. The study, using ATLAST.ti 8, a keyword search, followed by a filter using inclusion criteria from Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science databases, and the snowball method, identified and analyzed 93 peer-reviewed journal articles. However, only 41 articles were used in the final review after the inclusion and exclusion process. A thematic review of these 41 articles identified five clusters representing the ontological framework findings, namely (1) designer competency, (2) planning and design decision making, (3) technologies related to building safety, (4) design features and workplace condition, and (5) laws and building legislation. The finding is expected to improve the understanding and implementation of the PtD concept to further develop an architectural safety design framework.

Sensitive MALDI-TOF MS and ‘turn-on’ fluorescent genosensor for the determination of DNA damage induced by CNS acting drugs

The genotoxic and carcinogenic adverse effects of various drugs should be considered for assessing drug benefit/risk ratio. On that account, the scope of this study is to examine the kinetics of DNA damage triggered by three CNS acting drugs; carbamazepine, quetiapine and desvenlafaxine. Two precise, simple and green approaches were proposed for probing drug induced DNA impairment; MALDI-TOF MS and terbium (Tb3+) fluorescent genosensor. The results revealed that all the studied drugs induced DNA damage manifested by the MALDI-TOF MS analysis as a significant disappearance of the DNA molecular ion peak with the appearance of other peaks at smaller m/z indicating the formation of DNA strand breaks. Moreover, significant enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence occurred, proportional to the amount of DNA damage, upon incubation of each drug with dsDNA. Furthermore, the DNA damage mechanism is examined. The proposed Tb3+ fluorescent genosensor showed superior selectivity and sensitivity and is significantly simpler and less expensive than other methods reported for the detection of DNA damage. Moreover, the DNA damaging potency of these drugs was studied using calf thymus DNA in order to clarify the potential safety hazards associated with the studied drugs on natural DNA.

Risk Assessment of Distracted Driving Behavior Based on Visual Stability Coefficient

Cell phone call operations during driving can lead to distraction and cause potential safety hazards. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the driver’s visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was carried out based on a driving simulator and eye tracker. The eye movement data of drivers during normal driving, hands-free call, and video call under two typical traffic conditions of free flow and congested flow on the urban expressway were collected. Firstly, four visual characteristics indicators that were highly sensitive to traffic conditions and driving states were selected in terms of visual field range, visual recognition, visual search, and visual load, which were the information entropy of fixation area (IEFA), saccade amplitude, peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV), and relative change intensity of pupil area (RCPA). Then, based on the improved CRITIC method, the visual stability coefficient (VSC) was constructed as a new indicator to comprehensively assess the risk level of the driving state, and the assessment criteria were divided. Finally, the grey correlation analysis method was introduced to verify the assessment effect of VSC. The results show that different cell phone call modes increased driving risk in both traffic conditions. Among them, the negative influence of video calls on driving safety was significantly higher than that of hands-free calls, with a significant decrease in VSC, and the drivers’ VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the impact of cell phone call operation, and the driving risk increased significantly during distracted driving. The VSC can quantitatively assess driving risk from the perspective of visual psychological safety and contributes to the development of corresponding early warning and control measures.

Review and assessment of the donor safety among plasma donors.

Review and assessment of the donor safety among plasma donors.

Research on treatment of oil-based drill cuttings based on ionic liquids synergistic solvent extraction

The method of solvent extraction has a good application prospect in the treatment of oil-based drill cuttings, but the existing extractants have the high potential safety hazards of a low flash point and volatility. Therefore, this article proposes to use an ionic liquid with improved safety and strong extraction capacity to treat oil-based drill cuttings through a collaborative solvent extraction method. The extraction effect of different extractants and different ionic liquid synergistic extractants were studied, respectively. The research results showed that [IM18, H2]Br ionic liquid has a good synergistic effect with n-butanol, and the extraction rate could reach 99.14%. The experimental conditions were that the mass ratio of [IM18, H2]Br to n-butanol was 1:10, extraction time was 40 min, and the mass ratio of drill cuttings to extractant was 1:3. Under these experimental conditions, the mixed extractants can be recycled 3 times. The closed flash point of extractants increased from 35 °C to 53 °C, and the boiling point of extractants decreased from 117 °C to 90–107.3 °C. Based on this, the mechanism of ionic liquids synergistic solvent extraction was discussed.

Experimental and simulation analysis of thermal behavior of large‐span roof system under solar radiation

SummaryThe large‐span metal roof systems can produce a significant nonuniform temperature effect under solar radiation, leading to potential safety hazards. An experiment is conducted to study the nonuniform thermal behavior of a small‐scale continuous welded stainless steel roof (CWSSR) system under solar radiation. The small‐scale CWSSR system considered different roof slopes and sunward side and nightside. The efficiency of the numerical analysis of the thermal behavior of the roof slab is verified in comparison with the experimental results. Based on the numerical and experimental results, the thermal effect of a full‐scale CWSSR system is studied under different orientations, wind speeds, and atmospheric temperature. Through the analysis of research results, the nonuniform thermal features of the CWSSR system are significant and cannot be overlooked. The temperature difference between the sunward side and nightside roof slab is positively correlated with the roof slope. The thermal behavior of the CWSSR system is greatly influenced by wind speeds but is less affected by orientations and atmospheric temperature.

Evaluasi Sistem Jaminan Keamanan Pangan di Restoran Multicabang PT XYZ Area Jakarta

Improper restaurant management causes potential food safety hazards which can lead to decline in public health. This study aims to evaluate food safety system at restaurant multisite PT XYZ area Jakarta to determine the knowledge of managers and knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handler about food safety, analyze level correlation between knowledge food handlers with attitudes and practices, correlate food safety knowledge restaurant managers with E. coli contamination and also observed general food safety implementation in restaurant. Data collection was by filling out questionnaires by 136 food handlers and 44 restaurant manager and observation of food safety in 44 restaurants. The results showed that restaurant managers had good knowledge of food safety and 63.6% had attended food safety training. Food handlers had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices (77.21, 84.56, 80.15%). Statistical analysis did not indicate a significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes. However, it was found that there is correlation between knowledge with practice and attitudes with practice. Observation result of restaurant food safety implementation showed that 93.8% had a good implementation. The knowledge of restaurant managers correlated positively with the implementation of restaurant food safety practices, but did not correlate with the presence of E.coli. The presence of E.coli did not indicate corelation with restaurant observation value. Testing E.coli at 44 restaurants showed that 9 of the salad samples and 3 of the sushi samples were detected by E.coli, while the ice coffee milk did not detect E. coli.

A stability-based energy-dissipation design method of viscoelastic dampers

Viscoelastic damper (VED) is one of the most effective velocity dampers, which can provide equivalent stiffness and damping for structures. The stability of the damper is an important factor affecting the control performance of dampers. However, most research works on the stability are focused on metal dampers, few research works on the stability of velocity dampers have been carried out. To solve the stability problem of VED, an energy-dissipation design method considering the stability of VED is proposed in this paper. Through parametric analysis, relationships between height-thickness ratios, loading frequency and stability-bearing capacity of VEDs are established. Then, the concepts of stability coefficient and frequency coefficient of VED are added into the mechanical model of VED. Subsequently, pseudo-dynamic tests and variable frequency loading tests are carried out for two groups of full-scale VEDs to verify the reliability of the stability coefficient and frequency coefficient. Here, a stability-based energy-dissipation design method of VEDs is proposed. Based on an actual project, nonlinear time-history analyses are carried out for the original structure and the controlled structure ignoring/considering the stability respectively. Results indicate that control effects considering stability are lower than control effects ignoring stability. In other words, it is shown that ignoring stability of VED will result in not meeting energy-dissipation expectations, which may bring potential safety hazards to the structure. Finally, to improve its stability, a new VED with improved out-of-plane stiffness is proposed. It can be concluded that it is necessary to take the VED stability into account in the design and performance evaluation of VE structures using the proposed method.

Efficient and safe conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarbonitrile with hydroxylamine zinc chloride salt

Efficient and safe conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarbonitrile (HMFC) with hydroxylamine zinc chloride salt (ZnCl2·2NH2OH) obtained from a novel method was developed. Without a catalyst, free NH2OH could react with HMF to produce HMFC with a yield of 41% at 55 °C. ZnCl2 was an appropriate catalyst that increased HMFC yield to 64%. However, the reaction has a potential explosion safety hazard and a low effective utilization rate of NH2OH due to the easy decomposition property of free NH2OH. To address these issues, ZnCl2·2NH2OH was prepared to serve as a hydroxylamine stabilizer, catalyst, and nitrogen source in the synthesis of HMFC. Therefore, NH2OH could be slowly released to participate in the reaction, slowing the invalid decomposition and increasing the utilization rate of elemental N. Under optimal conditions of n(HMF): n(NH2OH) = 1:1.5, 100 °C for 20 min with acetonitrile as solvent, the yield of HMFC was 100%. A plausible reaction mechanism for HMFC synthesis was also proposed.

Automatic Retracting and Paying-off System of Tethered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

With the progress of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, people have higher and higher requirements for the working endurance of rotary-wing UAVs. The tethered UAV can be wired to power through the tethered cable, which solves the problem of UAV endurance. During the descent of the UAV, the operator needs to manually rotate the take-up device for take-up manually. When the operator fails to put the redundant tied cables into the retracting and paying-off device timely, the redundant tied cables are prone to be entangled and knotted, causing potential safety hazards. To overcome the shortcomings of the above existing technologies, this project develops an automatic retracting and paying-off device based on the tethered UAV. The tension of the tethered cable is measured in real time by adding a tension monitoring unit to the traditional take-up device. According to the tension of the tethered cable and the takeoff and landing speed of the tethered UAV, the real-time automatic take-up of the tethered cable is realized.

An Overview of the Comprehensive Models for Studying the Electromagnetic Interference of High-Speed Trains

When a high-speed train passes through some sections of the power supply line, its pantograph will inevitably be separated from the power supply line. Although the separation time is extremely short, the pantograph catenary arc (PCA) will be generated during this period. The PCA produces electromagnetic interference (EMI), which cause the potential safety hazard to the operation of high-speed trains. This paper provides an overview of the comprehensive models for high-speed trains. The models can be used to comprehensively research the transient characteristics of the EMI of high-speed trains. It provides a basis for finding the corresponding interference suppression methods, so as to improve the safety of train operation and protect the electromagnetic environment around the train. The proposed model can also be applied to other types of trains by changing some relevant parameters.

Contact Electrification Characteristics of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Metal

In industrial production, the contact electrification phenomenon between materials will cause equipment damage and bring potential safety hazards to personnel, so it is necessary to study the contact electrification mechanism of materials. In order to explore the contact electrification characteristic mechanism between polytetrafluoroethylene and brass, aluminum alloy, a contact separation electrification test platform was built to pay attention to the change rule of surface potential of composite materials under contact pressure, environmental relative humidity, temperature and material temperature difference. The test results show that the surface potential first increases and then decreases slightly with the increase of contact pressure, and the surface potential is stable when the contact pressure is greater than 7 KN; The contact electrification of materials decreases with the increase of relative humidity; At 15°C ~35°C, the material surface potential is proportional to the temperature; With the temperature difference between the two test materials becoming larger, the contact potential shows a law of first increasing and then decreasing. Through the analysis of the contact electrification characteristics of materials under different conditions, it can provide a direction for further research on the contact electrification mechanism and industrial electrostatic protection.

A multi-geophysical approach to assess potential sinkholes in an urban area

Sinkholes caused by natural or anthropogenic factors pose as potential safety hazards in urban areas. From April to May 2019, six consecutive ground collapses occurred in Beihuan New Village (Guigang City, China) that affected the livelihoods of residents and caused substantial economic losses. The present study aimed to investigate potential sinkhole areas and determine the formation mechanism of a series of ground collapses in Beihuan New Village using a combined drilling and multi-geophysical approach. Geophysical profiles collected using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) revealed shallow geological structures, potential sinkholes, and karst fracture zones. We also drilled several shallow boreholes along the geophysical survey profiles to obtain accurate hydrogeological information. To precisely identify groundwater runoff zones, cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (CHERT) surveys of deep boreholes were conducted to locate the initial boundaries of the target anomaly areas delineated using ERT and GPR. The results demonstrated that a combination of geophysical exploration and geological profile analysis could accurately delineate potential sinkholes in urban areas. The locations of sinkholes in the study area were consistent with subsurface karst and groundwater runoff zones inferred from our survey results. Additionally, comprehensive analysis indicated that a depleted groundwater table, heavy seasonal rainfall, and overlying soil characteristics were possibly responsible for sinkhole formation. These findings can assist in prevention of ground collapses in urban areas and mitigation of the damages caused by these collapses.

A sustainable energy strategy powered wireless sensor network system for monitoring child safety

Children's safety education and environmental monitoring are the stability of a family and the foundation of a country's future development. Therefore, the safety of young children is never an independent problem in any aspect, nor is it a problem solved afterwards, but a long-term problem with monitoring effect. We need to use all accurate information to prevent potential safety hazards in advance and protect the healthy growth of children. In addition to using school resources to carry out health education for children, parents and society can also take precautions. The place environment of the kindergarten is a security system with an internal structure, from the equipment in the kindergarten to the dynamic monitoring. Many countries use sensor networks to achieve security monitoring in various fields. We can also use similar methods in terms of child safety. This paper constructs a system model based on sustainable energy strategy powered wireless sensor network system, and optimizes it to adapt to the safety monitoring system of children's external environment. First of all, based on child safety management and environmental education, this paper uses literature survey, questionnaire survey and other methods to study the current situation of attention to child safety in various countries. With this topic as the background, summarize the main problems faced by children's safety, and propose targeted solutions. According to the children's monitoring system, wireless sensor networks are used to build the monitoring system, and sustainable energy is used as the optimization mechanism of sensors. Finally, the sustainable Energy Strategy Powered Wireless Sensor Network System is applied to the children's environment system, and real-time data collection and remote monitoring are used to view children's activity information. Research shows that sustainable energy provides the endurance of wireless sensor safety monitoring system. This child safety monitoring system can be used in any environment and conditions, and has achieved good results.

Co-Ni Bimetallic Sulfides Functionalized Interlayer with Efficient Catalytic Conversion for Li-S Batteries

Tardive practical development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries faces two fatal nuisances, the grievous shuttle effect of sulfur electrodes as well as rock-ribbed Li dendrites, which results in undesired cycling lifespan and the potential safety hazard. Diversified electrocatalytic materials are employed to enhance polysulfides conversion kinetics and subsequently restrain shuttle effect. Here, pyrite-type cation regulation strategy is applied to motivate the electrochemical catalysis capability of bimetallic sulfide by regulating the cation ratio of Co and Ni ions. The reformative bimetallic sulfide with Co to Ni ratio near 2:1 shows stronger chemical adsorption capability towards lithium polysulfides in contrast to pristine NiS₂, which resulted from the strong contribution of metal oxide layer. The comparable electrochemical kinetics and electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries with CNS-2/CP interlayer show in the aspects of low polarization voltage, high lithium ion diffusion rate, high discharge capacity, as well as better rate performances. These results demonstrate cation regulation could be an efficient strategy for material design to optimize the surface physicochemical properties of iron pyrite for boosting the cycle durability of Li-S batteries.

Non-uniform Corrosion Mechanism and residual life forecast of marine engineering concrete reinforcement

Reinforced concrete structures are commonly employed in civil engineering due to their low cost and high performance. However, their exposure to the marine environment, which is typically characterized by elevated salt content and humidity levels, heightens the probability of corrosion. Such corrosion can lead to a decrease in the service life of these structures, which is of utmost importance to predict in order to prevent potential safety hazards. To address this issue, this study investigated the corrosion mechanism of reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment and found Cl- concentration to be the most critical parameter for the corrosion of steel. Afterward, a predictive model is proposed based on the Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) to estimate the residual service life of reinforced concrete structures in different marine environments by forecasting the Cl- concentration in reinforced concrete components. The results demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed BPANN model, with a maximum relative error of 6.292 %. Consequently, the residual service life forecast system of reinforced concrete structures proposed in this study can provide useful guidance based on the simplistic framework for designing concrete structures in the marine environment by predicting their effective service life. Thus, this study provides valuable insights for promoting the safety and economic benefits of reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment.