Potential Of Neem Research Articles

Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract in Managing Fall Armyworm on Maize

This research assessed the effect of neem leaf extract on the larval population of the fall armyworm and the level of damage, growth, and yield of maize. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, 50 g per L, 100 g per L and 200 g per L of neem leaf extract) applied within the two seasons of 2022A and 2022B. The findings showed that a higher concentration (200 g per L) of neem leaf extract-treated maize plants registered the least leaf damage (0.15), severity (0.15), and larvae population (0.1). This effect was most attained during the 1st season of maize production and at the earliest vegetative weeks of maize growth (3 WAP to 5 WAP, i.e., weeks after planting). The higher neem leaf extract concentration of 200 g per L produced the most significant (p < 0.001) effect on maize growth traits. A higher plant height (162.51 cm), longer leaf length (112.5 cm), wider leaf width (11.7 cm), and broader stem girth (11.91 cm) were attained under 200 g per L of neem leaf extract treated plots during the 1st season of maize production and 11 WAP. The findings of this showed that a relatively high concentration of neem leaf extract produced a higher cob weight (200 g per L = 180.1 g) followed by 100 g per L (174.1 g), 50 g per L (140.9 g) and control (139 g). The weight was optimised during the 1st season of maize production (163.8 g). The grain yield was higher under 200 g per L (153.7 g) of neem extract. The above findings demonstrated that a high concentration of neem leaf extract reduced fall armyworm infestation and increased maize plant growth and yield. Farmers should, therefore, be encouraged to apply 200 g per L of neem leaf extract in the management of fall armyworms and improve plant growth and yield because it contains antifeedant and insecticidal properties against the fall armyworm.

Formulation and Evaluation Transdermal Patch of Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss using Different Polymers

The goal of the Novel Drug Delivery System is to deliver a therapeutic dose of drug to an appropriate place within the body quickly so that the desired drug concentration can be maintained. Over a set treatment period, the drug-delivery system should supply the medicine at a rate controlled by the body's requirements. A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is applied to the skin to deliver a specific amount of medication into the bloodstream through the skin. This generally aids in the recovery of a damaged bodily part. The patch provides a controlled release of medication into the patient, usually through a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through thermoregulation melting thin layers of drug incorporated in the adhesive, which is a benefit of transdermal drug delivery over other types of medication delivery such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, and so on. As a result of persistent experimentation with nature, man must have known the therapeutic potential of neem since past. When used both internally and externally, it is beneficial to the skin. It cleanses the blood and treats acne, pimples, boils, and other skin problems. The flavour of neem is bitter. However, it is this bitterness that is responsible for the tree's therapeutic efficiency. Transdermal patches are presently available in a wide range of therapeutics.

An Overview of Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects of Azadirachta indica Crude Extract: A Narrative Review

Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, or Margosa, originated in India. It is one of the species in the Azadirachta genus. It is native to South Asia's Indian subcontinent and dry areas such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan and the Maldives. The plant has long been used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine and it is now commonly used in cosmetics and organic agriculture. Several pharmacological activities were identified from the crude extract of Azadirachta indica, which have attracted a lot of research interest from scientists. This narrative review explores the vast potential of neem in eliciting antibacterial and antifungal effects. Furthermore, we highlight the various effects of different types of solvent and several parts of the neem plant on growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi by performing the inhibition zone technique using the disc diffusion method, one of the commonly used methods to measure bacterial, fungal growth.

Phenol removal from wastewater using low-cost natural bioadsorbent neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves: Adsorption study and MLR modeling

This research aims to experiment with the potential of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves for phenol adsorption. Morphology, functional groups, etc. characterize the adsorbent. Batch studies are conducted at pH (2–7), dose (7–12 g/L), time (60–360 min), initial concentration (100–500 mg/L), and temperature (30–50 °C). Maximum 97.5% phenol is removed when pH, dose, time, temperature, and phenol concentration is 3, 10 g/L, 240 min, 30 °C and 100 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results are supported by pseudo-second-order (r2= 0.99999). Kinetic testing is supported by adsorption mechanisms developed by Elovich, Reichenberg, Boyd, Furusawa and Smith, and Fick models. Freundlich model (r2= 0.99648) is fitted well compare to other models. Sorption energy (0.5288 kJ/mol) supports physical adsorption. Thermodynamics has suggested for a non-random, exothermic, and spontaneous process. The multiple linear progressing (MLR) modeling has successfully predicted the removal percentage. Desorption with ethanol has revealed 58.5% phenol removal potential. Safe disposal of the used adsorbent is recommended by incineration. The scale-up design has demonstrated that 27.925 kg adsorbent is required for 1000 L wastewater to reduce phenol from 100 ppm to 0.06 ppm in two stages. The novel study concludes that the natural, low-cost bio-adsorbent neem leaves can suitably be used in the refineries and other allied chemical industries for phenol remediation.

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) supplemented biofloc medium as alternative feed in common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. communis Linnaeus) culture

ABSTRACT The potential of neem, Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), supplemented biofloc medium in replacement of costly feed for Cyprinus carpio culture vis-à-vis the environmental health of the system was investigated. The biofloc-supported culture system resulted in 17% more growth, parallel with improvement in feed conversion ratio and efficiency by 32.56% and 14.11% respectively. However, biofloc alone could not support growth and survival of the test fish, as higher (P < .05) mortality (22.22%) was encountered. In spite of nitrification inhibition in neem-based biofloc medium, the nutrient status of the system was not impacted. Bioflocs favored phosphorus mineralization and became limited in maintaining the balance between available nitrogen: phosphorus beyond 0.065 mg L−1.

Phytoextraction Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) for Cddetoxification from the Contaminated Soil

The heavy metal pollution is one the most serious pollution in soil with hazardous dumps and causes wide spread health hazards and loss of biodiversity. Use of trees for phyotremediation of metal contaminated sites is considered as effective and eco-friendly technique. Due to stabilization of metals in wood for longer life span and in high biomass which may protect it from pest and diseases. In present study attempt was made to assess the impact of Cadmium on microbial population and enzymatic activity in soil and the potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) to remediate soil contaminated artificially with different concentrations of Cadmium (Cd). The inoculation of Cd in soil was found to reduce the microbial population and dehydrogenase activity as a function of increase in the metal concentration. Neem accumulated 0.79 to 0.60 ppm Cd in roots and shoots within two month if grown in soil with 5 ppm of the metal. The tree was significantly tolerant to the Cd contamination and could be grown with same reduction in biomass in 5 ppm Cd contaminated soil for 2 months. The highest bio-concentration factor and translocation factor was observed to be 0.5 and 0.79 at 3 and 2 ppm of Cd, respectively.

Potential of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) for prevention and treatment of oncologic diseases.

Throughout time, plants have often displayed medicinal properties that have been underscored. We often derive medicines involved in treating cancer from components in plants. Azadirachta indica, commonly known as "neem", has been used to treat different ailments in many Asian countries. Due to its widespread beneficial uses, A. indica has often been referred to as "the wonder tree" or "nature's drug store". Various parts of this plant, including, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark and oil, produce a large number of phytochemicals with various biological and pharmacological activities. The numerous biological activities of the phytoconstituents of A. indica explain its beneficial uses for the prevention and therapy of cancer. The chemopreventive and anticancer therapeutic efficacy of A. indica fractions and compounds could be explained by multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, including free radical scavenging, carcinogen-detoxification, DNA repair, cell cycle alteration, programmed cell death (apoptosis) and autophagy, immune surveillance, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities as well as their ability to modulate several dysregulated oncogenic signaling pathways. This article aims to present the collective and critical analysis of multiple phytoconstituents of A. indica and their molecular mechanisms implicated in cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects based on published preclinical and clinical results. Current limitations and future directions of research on this medicinal plant are also critically discussed.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) induced morphological changes on oocytes of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) tick females

Many studies have been conducted with plants whose extracts have the potential to be used for pest control. One of these plants is Azadirachta indica (neem), whose main active ingredient is azadirachtin, a compound shown to have acaricide and insecticide activity. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) is currently considered to be an “urban pest,” because of its high levels of infestation and its ability to attack humans. In the present study partially and fully engorged R. sanguineus females were exposed to aqueous extracts of neem at concentrations of 10% and 20%, and to a control treatment. The results showed that differently from what was observed in the control, the pedicel cells of females exposed to neem at both concentrations lost their original shape. In the latter cases, the cytoplasm of the cells became fully vacuolated, especially near the germinal vesicle (oocyte nuclei) and in the oocyte pole, which is in contact with the cells of the pedicel. Oocytes in early stages of development (I and II) of ticks treated with both concentrations had irregular germinal vesicle, including the presence of two nucleoli as well as fragments of these. Oocytes in stages IV and V of exposed individuals showed full granular cytoplasm with bigger yolk granules when compared to the early stages. Chorion of mature oocytes was also altered, showing folds and deformations along their entire extension. The observed changes in cells of the reproductive system of R. sanguineus, especially in the oocytes, indicated the potential of neem as a new alternative method to control these ectoparasites.

FOLIAR AND SYSTEMIC APPLICATIONS OF NEEM SEED EXTRACT FOR CONTROL OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), INFESTING BLACK AND WHITE SPRUCE SEED ORCHARDS

AbstractNeem seed extract (20, 60, and 180 ppm azadirachtin) applied to the crowns of black spruce trees immediately prior to female reproductive bud flush, resulted in high mortality of early instar spruce budworm larvae. Dose-dependent reductions of 40–93%, as compared with check trees, were observed 2 and 4.5 weeks after treatment. Seed cone protection from grazing damage, however, was moderate; at 60 ppm azadirachtin, the incidence of cone grazing was reduced 29%, and the proportion of severely grazed cones reduced 39%, as compared with check trees. Larval mortality and bud damage observed in the laboratory corroborated field results. High toxicity to second-instar larvae, and performance during adverse weather conditions, supports the potential of neem seed extract for control of spruce budworm defoliation. However, both laboratory and field results indicate that feeding occurs before the effects of neem seed extract manifest, resulting in moderate protection of cones. Whereas foliage can tolerate low levels of feeding, female strobili are damaged significantly. Excellent protection of foliage was achieved from systemic injections of neem seed extract to white and black spruce trees (1.5 g azadirachtin/tree). Neem seed extract, formulated for systemic application, could provide a botanical alternative for control of forest pests in urban environments.