Potential Monitoring Research Articles

Severe weight loss during PD-1 treatment is a risk sign of poor prognosis for advanced GC patients.

To verify whether severe weight loss is a reasonable risk sign for the effect of PD-1 treatment in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. 127 metastatic or recurrent GC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors in Xuzhou Central Hospital were involved in this study. Two cohorts with different variables were built; one was used to reveal the relationship between body weight loss and overall survival (OS), and the other was used to find which body composition contributed to the weight loss. Variables were collected at PD-1 inhibitor initiation (baseline) and week 6 of treatment. Patients were followed up from the end of therapy to November 2022. Overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were recorded. 127 patients with metastatic/recurrent gastric cancer received PD-1 treatment, among whom 117 had complete weight data. After screening, data from 69 patients were used for body composition assessment. The study found that 33 patients who lost more than 2% of their body weight within six weeks had poorer OS and DFS, with medians of 9.5months and 6months, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that weight loss of more than 2% and treatment methods was an independent risk for poor OS and DFS. Further analysis revealed that weight loss was mainly caused by a reduction in adipose tissue, rather than muscle mass. Severe weight loss is a potential monitor for the treatment effect of PD-1 inhibitor in advanced GC patients.

Terrain-based evaluation of groundwater potential and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale in Taiwan

Terrain-based evaluation of groundwater potential and long-term monitoring at the catchment scale in Taiwan

Utility of thromboelastography with platelet mapping for monitoring platelet transfusion in qualitative platelet disorders

BackgroundPatients with pathogenic variants in RASGRP2 (inherited platelet disorder (IPD)-18) exhibit normal platelet counts but impaired platelet aggregation and αIIbβ3 activation. Moderate-to-severe bleeding episodes require patients to be transfused with platelets and/or pro-hemostatic agents. We recently demonstrated that hemostatic efficacy of transfused platelets is limited by dysfunctional endogenous platelets in a mouse model of IPD-18 (Rasgrp2−/− mice), as dysfunctional platelets were recruited to the forming hemostatic plug but did not participate in clot contraction. Thus, higher amounts of transfused platelets were required to outcompete these dysfunctional cells and to reverse bleeding. ObjectiveWe here studied the usefulness of thromboelastography with platelet mapping (TEG-PM) for ex vivo monitoring of the hemostatic potential in Rasgrp2−/− mice transfused with various amounts of wild-type (WT) platelets. MethodsWhole blood (WB) samples from WT and Rasgrp2−/− mice were tested in TEG-PM and parameters for clot formation and contraction (K time, α-angle, maximum amplitude [MA]) were measured. ResultsRasgrp2−/− WB samples did not contract in TEG-PM, consistent with a critical role of this protein in αIIbβ3 activation. Addition of WT platelets improved TEG parameters in a ratio-dependent manner, consistent with our recent in vivo studies showing impaired hemostasis at a 5:1, but not at a 2:1 ratio of mutant to WT platelets. K and α values were identified as better predictors of transfusion efficacy than MA, the most platelet-dependent TEG parameter. ConclusionThis proof-of-concept study supports the use of TEG-PM to monitor platelet transfusion ratios and hemostatic potential in IPD-18 and potentially other platelet disorders.

Clinical adverse events to dexmedetomidine: a real-world drug safety study based on the FAERS database.

Adverse events associated with dexmedetomidine were analyzed using data from the FDA's FAERS database, spanning from 2004 to the third quarter of 2023. This analysis serves as a foundation for monitoring dexmedetomidine's safety in clinical applications. Data on adverse events associated with dexmedetomidine were standardized and analyzed to identify clinical adverse events closely linked to its use. This analysis employed various signal quantification analysis algorithms, including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS). In the FAERS database, dexmedetomidine was identified as the primary suspect in 1,910 adverse events. Our analysis encompassed 26 organ system levels, from which we selected 346 relevant Preferred Terms (PTs) for further examination. Notably, adverse drug reactions such as diabetes insipidus, abnormal transcranial electrical motor evoked potential monitoring, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and trigeminal cardiac reflex were identified. These reactions are not explicitly mentioned in the drug's specification, indicating the emergence of new signals for adverse drug reactions. Data mining in the FAERS database has elucidated the characteristics of dexmedetomidine-related adverse drug reactions. This analysis enhances our understanding of dexmedetomidine's drug safety, aids in the clinical management of pharmacovigilance studies, and offers valuable insights for refining drug-use protocols.

Seeking systems-based facilitators of safety and healthcare resilience: a thematic review of incident reports.

Patient safety incident reports are a key source of safety intelligence. This study aimed to explore whether information contained in such reports can elicit facilitators of safety, including responding, anticipating, monitoring, learning, and other mechanisms by which safety is maintained. The review further explored whether, if found, this information could be used to inform safety interventions. Anonymized incident reports submitted between August and October 2020 were obtained from two large teaching hospitals. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) tool and the resilience potentials (responding, anticipating, monitoring, and learning) frameworks guided thematic analysis. SEIPS was used to explore the components of people, tools, tasks, and environments, as well as the interactions between them, which contribute to safety. The resilience potentials provided insight into healthcare resilience at individual, team, and organizational levels. Sixty incident reports were analysed. These included descriptions of all the SEIPS framework components. People used tools such as electronic prescribing systems to perform tasks within different healthcare environments that facilitated safety. All four resilient capacities were identified, with mostly individuals and teams responding to events; however, monitoring, anticipation, and learning were described for individuals, teams, and organizations. Incident reports contain information about safety practices, much of which is not identified by traditional approaches such as root cause analysis. This information can be used to enhance safety enablers and encourage greater proactive anticipation and system-level learning.

PFAS transport under lower water-saturation conditions characterized with instrumented-column systems

The transport of PFOS and PFOA in well-characterized sand was investigated for relatively low water saturations. An instrumented column was used for some experiments to provide real-time in-situ monitoring of water saturation and matric potential. The results showed that water saturations and matric potentials varied minimally during the experiments. Flow rates were monitored continuously and were essentially constant. These results demonstrate that surfactant-induced flow and other nonideal hydraulic processes did not materially impact PFAS transport for the experiment conditions. Air-water interfacial adsorption was demonstrated to provide the great majority of retention for PFOS and PFOA. Retention was significantly greater at the lower water saturations (0.35–0.45) compared to the higher saturations (∼0.66) for both PFAS, due to the larger extant air-water interfacial areas. Retardation factors were 5 and 3-times greater at the lower water saturations for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. Early breakthrough was observed for the PFAS but not for the non-reactive tracers at the lower water saturations, indicating the possibility that air-water interfacial adsorption was rate-limited to some degree. Independently determined retention parameters were used to predict retardation factors for PFOS and PFOA, which were similar to the measured values in all cases. The consistency between the predicted and measured values indicates that PFAS retention was accurately represented. In addition, air-water interfacial adsorption coefficients measured from the transport experiments were consistent with independently measured equilibrium-based values. Based on these results, it appears that the air-water interfacial adsorption processes mediating the magnitude of PFOS and PFOA retention under lower water-saturation conditions are consistent with those for higher water saturations. This provides some confidence that our understanding of PFAS retention obtained from work conducted at higher water saturations is applicable to lower water saturations.

A new approach for selective and ultrasensitive ammonia sensors by CuBr encapsulation in a mesoporous thin film for potential metabolic acidosis non-invasive monitoring

Ammonia (NH3) can be considered as a chronic kidney disease bioindicator. The detection of skin emitted ammonia would allow a non-invasive medical monitoring of patients. Here, we develop a highly-sensitive and selective room-temperature ammonia microsensor based on copper-bromide (CuBr). The CuBr is impregnated in a mesoporous layer prepared by sol-gel synthesis and deposited by dip-coating on interdigitated platinum electrodes. The sensing performances are evaluated at 34 °C in dry air for short exposures (2 min) to ammonia. The sensor exhibits very high response (Rg/Ra of 4.5 for 200 ppb) with rapid recovery time and a very good selectivity. Moreover, the influence of humidity and temperature on the sensor performances are evaluated. The reported results demonstrate the possibility of developing an ultrasensitive gas sensor by a simple and low-cost approach consisting of the impregnation of the sensitive element in a mesoporous thin film.

Analysis of the Sorption Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Materials for Potential Monitoring of the Amount of Amoxicillin in an Aqueous Environment

ABSTRACT This work describes a procedure for obtaining molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) toward amoxicillin based on methyl methacrylate. To characterize the polymers synthetized, physicochemical and sorption properties were analyzed. The influence of the main parameters on the adsorption efficiency was investigated (the monomers composition of materials, contact time, initial concentration, and regeneration conditions). The adsorption isotherms were fitted by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and second Fick’s law models were used to fit the kinetic data. Molecularly imprinted polymer which was obtained using 5 wt.% of amoxicillin in relation to the monomers, characterized by the highest sorption value of 4.8 mg/g. This polymer showed selective properties in competition with gentamicin and norfloxacin. Furthermore, in the case of testing imprinted polymers in real samples, materials with an imprint were characterized by higher sorption values compared to those without an imprint (3.27 and 2.02 mg/g, respectively). For the first time, for this type of MIP, we conducted research for regenerating. Water solutions with pH 3 or 9, 1% acetic acid, and ethanol were tested as regeneration solutions. Molecularly imprinted polymer regeneration for the most effective regeneration solution was carried out on SPE columns, allowing a 94% cleaning of the sorption material.

Effect of desflurane anesthesia on flash visual evoked potential monitoring in patients undergoing spine surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundFlash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) are a reliable method for protecting visual function during spine surgery in prone position. However, the popularization and application of FVEPs remain limited due to the unclear influence of various anesthetics on FVEPs. Exploring the effects of anesthetic drugs on FVEP and establishing appropriate anesthesia maintenance methods are particularly important for promoting and applying FVEP. According to the conventional concept, inhaled narcotic drugs significantly affect the success of FVEP monitoring, FVEP extraction, and interpretation. Nonetheless, our previous study demonstrated that sevoflurane-propofol balanced anesthesia was a practicable regimen for FVEPs. Desflurane is widely used in general anesthesia for its rapid recovery properties. As the effect of desflurane on FVEP remains unclear, this trial will investigate the effect of different inhaled concentrations of desflurane anesthesia on amplitude of FVEPs during spine surgery, aiming to identify more feasible anesthesia schemes for the clinical application of FVEP.Methods/ designA total of 70 patients undergoing elective spinal surgery will be enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled, open-label, patient-assessor-blinded, superiority trial and randomly assigned to the low inhaled concentration of desflurane group (LD group) maintained with desflurane-propofolremifentanil-balanced anesthesia or high inhaled concentration of desflurane group (HD group) maintained with desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia maintenance group at a ratio of 1:1. All patients will be monitored for intraoperative FVEPs, and the baseline will be measured half an hour after induction under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). After that, patients will receive 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane combined with propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia maintenance in the LD group, while 0.7–1.0 MAC of desflurane and remifentanil will be maintained in the HD group. The primary outcome is the N75-P100 amplitude 1 h after the induction of anesthesia. We intend to use the dual measure evaluation, dual data entry, and statistical analysis by double trained assessors to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results.DiscussionThis randomized controlled trial aims to explore the superiority effect of low inhaled concentration of desflurane combined with propofolremifentanil-balanced anesthesia versus high inhaled concentration of desflurane combined with remifentanil anesthesia on amplitude of FVEPs. The study is meant to be published in a peer-reviewed journal and might guide the anesthetic regimen for FVEPs. The conclusion is expected to provide high-quality evidence for the effect of desflurane on FVEPs and aim to explore more feasible anesthesia schemes for the clinical application of FVEPs and visual function protection.Trial registrationThis study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov on July 15, 2022. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05465330.

Novel Multiparametric Bioelectronic Measurement System for Monitoring Virus-Induced Alterations in Functional Neuronal Networks.

Development and optimisation of bioelectronic monitoring techniques like microelectrode array-based field potential measurement and impedance spectroscopy for the functional, label-free and non-invasive monitoring of in vitro neuronal networks is widely investigated in the field of biosensors. Thus, these techniques were individually used to demonstrate the capabilities of, e.g., detecting compound-induced toxicity in neuronal culture models. In contrast, extended application for investigating the effects of central nervous system infecting viruses are rarely described. In this context, we wanted to analyse the effect of herpesviruses on functional neuronal networks. Therefore, we developed a unique hybrid bioelectronic monitoring platform that allows for performing field potential monitoring and impedance spectroscopy on the same microelectrode. In the first step, a neuronal culture model based on primary hippocampal cells from neonatal rats was established with reproducible and stable synchronised electrophysiological network activity after 21 days of cultivation on microelectrode arrays. For a proof of concept, the pseudorabies model virus PrV Kaplan-ΔgG-GFP was applied and the effect on the neuronal networks was monitored by impedance spectroscopy and field potential measurement for 72 h in a multiparametric mode. Analysis of several bioelectronic parameters revealed a virus concentration-dependent degeneration of the neuronal network within 24-48 h, with a significant early change in electrophysiological activity, subsequently leading to a loss of activity and network synchronicity. In conclusion, we successfully developed a microelectrode array-based hybrid bioelectronic measurement platform for quantitative monitoring of pathologic effects of a herpesvirus on electrophysiological active neuronal networks.

Development and Application of a Mitochondrial Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator in Narcosis.

Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles, involving various cellular physiological processes, including energy production, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), unfolded protein stress, and cell survival. Currently, there is a lack of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators (GEVIs) for MMP. In our screening of various GEVIs for their potential monitoring MMP, the Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials (ASAP) demonstrated optimal performance in targeting mitochondria and sensitivity to depolarization in multiple cell types. However, mitochondrial ASAPs also displayed sensitivity to ROS in cardiomyocytes. Therefore, two ASAP mutants resistant to ROS were generated. A double mutant ASAP3-ST exhibited the highest voltage sensitivity but weaker fluorescence. Overall, four GEVIs capable of targeting mitochondria were obtained and named mitochondrial potential indicators 1-4 (MPI-1-4). In vivo, fiber photometry experiments utilizing MPI-2 revealed a mitochondrial depolarization during isoflurane-induced narcosis in the M2 cortex.

Predicting CDK4/6 inhibitors outcomes in pts with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: A machine learning approach.

1074 Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) are the current standard of care for pts with newly diagnosed HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Although multiple pivotal trials showed a robust benefit of CDK4/6i over ET alone in all the subgroups, there is a subset of pts with a suboptimal response that is difficult to characterize. To predict the benefit on first line CDK4/6i in pts with HR+/HER2- MBC, we created a machine-learning (ML) model based on clinico-pathological features (CPFs) at baseline. Methods: We identified 854 consecutive pts with HR+/HER2- MBC receiving CDK4/6i as 1st line therapy between 12/2013 and 10/2023 from our MSK translational database. OncoCast-MPM ML framework was used to stratify pts based on progression-free survival (PFS) on 1st line CDK4/6i. CPFs of interest were selected as input for the models. Pts with missing data in any of the key inputs were excluded and used as hold out set. We tested 4 algorithms (GBM, ENET, LASSO and SVM), and selected the only model that returned predictions when tested on the hold out dataset containing missing data. The Kaplan-Meier estimator and the log-rank test were used to assess differences in PFS, and Cox regression was used to measure hazard ratios (HR) between groups. Results: Overall, 651 out of 854 pts and 15 CPFs were used in models' creation. The median PFS of the cohort was 15.95 months (95%CI: 14.04-17.95). Of the 4 tested architectures, GBM was the selected architecture based on its ability to be tested on the holdout cohort containing missing data. GBM identified 3 risk groups: good-response risk group (N=279), with a median PFS of 23.8 months (95%CI: 19.6-29.9), intermediate-response risk group (N=231), with a median PFS of 14.7 (I95%CI: 12.2-16.9), and poor-response risk group (N=141), with a median PFS 7.4 (95%CI: 5.3,9.1). The HR between good-response and poor-response RGs was 2.55 (95%CI: 2.0,3.2) with a of p = 2.54e-14. The first 5 CPFs by importance, sorted by Garson algorithm score are: disease-free interval, liver involvement, age at metastatic disease, adjuvant treatment-free interval, and progesterone receptor status. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 3 risk groups identified in the train-validation and tested in the holdout cohort, in terms of median, 1yr, 3yr survival times, as well as in HR. Conclusions: ML-based models have the potential to identify subsets of pts likely to poorly respond to first line CDK4/6i leveraging clinico-pathological features. Risk stratification can help clinicians to select pts who may benefit from short-term interval imaging and potential cfDNA monitoring, as well as to identify the right population to design clinical trials with escalating treatment approaches.

Letter to the Editor Regarding: The Utility of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring in Predicting Postoperative Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome and Motor Function Recovery

Letter to the Editor Regarding: The Utility of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring in Predicting Postoperative Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome and Motor Function Recovery

In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding: “The Utility of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring in Predicting Postoperative Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome and Motor Function Recovery”

In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding: “The Utility of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring in Predicting Postoperative Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome and Motor Function Recovery”

Association of serum AFP trajectories and hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: A longitudinal, multicenter study.

This study aims to investigate α-fetoprotein (AFP) trajectories for prediction of survival outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) treatment in large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). From May 2014 to June 2020, 889 eligible patients with large HCC underwent HAIC were retrospectively enrolled from five hospitals. A latent class growth mixed (LCGM) model was applied to distinguish potential AFP level dynamic changing trajectories. Inverse-probability-of-treatment weighted (IPTW) analyses were performed to eliminate unmeasured confounders through marginal structural models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine the overall survival (OS) in patients with large HCC. Performance of these serum markers for survival prediction was compared by areas under receiver operating characteristic analysis with the Delong test. The median follow-up time was 23.7 (interquartile range, 3.8-115.3). A total of 1009 patients with large HCC, who underwent HAIC with AFP repeatedly measured 3-10 times, were enrolled in the study. Three distinct trajectories of these serum AFP were identified using the LCGM model: high stable (37.0%; n = 373), low stable (15.7%; n = 159), and sharp-falling (47.3%; n = 477). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses found that ALBI stage 2-3, BCLC-C stage and high-stable AFP trajectories were associated with OS. AFP trajectories yield the optimal predictive performance in all risk factors. The AFP trajectories based on longitudinal AFP change showed outstanding performance for predicting survival outcomes after HAIC treatment in large HCC, which provide a potential monitoring tool for improving clinical decision-making.

Posterior Corrective Surgery for Type II Congenital Kyphosis: SRS-Schwab Grade 4 Osteotomy or Vertebral Column Resection?

Surgical decision-making for congenital kyphosis (CK) with failure of anterior segmentation (type II) has been contradictory regarding the trade-off between the pursuit of correction rate and the inherent risk of the osteotomy procedure. This study was designed to compare the clinical and radiographic measurement in type II CK underwent SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy and vertebral column resection (VCR), the most-adapted osteotomy techniques for CK, and to propose the strategy to select between the two procedures. This retrospective observational comparative study evaluated surgical outcomes in type II CK patients underwent VCR or SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy at our institution between January 2015 and January 2020. Patients operated with VCR and SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy were allocated to Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. Radiographic parameters and SRS-22 quality of life metrics were assessed at pre-operation, post-operation, and during follow-up visits for both groups, allowing for a comprehensive comparison of surgical outcomes. Thirty-one patients (19 patients in Group 1 and 12 patients in Group 2) aged 16.3 ± 10.4 years were recruited. Correction of segmental kyphosis was similar between groups (51.1 ± 17.6° in Group 1 and 48.4 ± 19.8° in Group 2, p = 0.694). Group 1 had significantly longer operation time (365.9 ± 81.2 vs 221.4 ± 78.9, p < 0.001) and more estimated blood loss (975.2 ± 275.8 ml vs 725.9 ± 204.3 mL, p = 0.011). Alert event of intraoperative sensory and motor evoked potential (SEP and MEP) monitoring was observed in 1 patient of Group 2. Both groups had 1 transient post operative neurological deficit respectively. SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy was suitable for kyphotic mass when its apex is the upper unsegmented vertebrae or the neighboring disc, or when the apical vertebrae with an anterior/posterior (A/P) height ratio of vertebral body higher than 1/3. VCR is suitable when the apex is located within the unsegmented mass with its A/P height ratio lower than 1/3. Proper selection of VCR and SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy according to our strategy, could provide satisfying radiographic and clinical outcomes in type II CK patients during a minimum of 2 years follow-up. Patients undergoing VCR procedure might have longer operation time, more blood loss and higher incidence of peri- and post-operative complications.

Implanted potential sensing separator enables smart battery internal state monitor and safety alert

The current battery management system is limited to testing external characteristics, leaving the battery's internal status as a “black box”. Advanced characterization techniques and battery sensing technologies are needed to assess the battery's internal state. However, due to their short lifespan, low sensitivity, invasive nature, and high cost, these technologies face challenges in practical applications and commercialization. Here, we propose a smart battery implanted with a potential sensor for in-situ measurement of anode potential, enabling the recognition of severe side reactions and abnormal Li plating behavior. Specifically, the potential sensing material is directly integrated into the battery separator, which provides a reliable potential reference and serves as a sensing terminal. The porous structure of the separator facilitates lithium-ion transport while simultaneously enabling high-accuracy monitoring with non-destructive implantation. Additionally, the potential sensing separator can detect pre-existing or latent defects in the battery at an early stage, which are difficult to discern from the battery's external characteristics in a timely manner. Furthermore, we have developed a multi-point potential sensor monitoring system that can not only monitor the distribution of anode potential but also pinpoint the location of battery defects.

Multifunctional laser-induced graphene circuits and laser-printed nanomaterials toward non-invasive human kidney function monitoring

Faced with the increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), portable monitoring of CKD-related biomarkers such as potassium ion (K+), creatinine (Cre), and lactic acid (Lac) levels in sweat has shown tremendous potential for early diagnosis. However, a rapidly manufacturable portable device integrating multiple CKD-related biomarker sensors for ease of sweat testing use has yet to be reported. Here, a portable electrochemical sensor integrated with multifunctional laser-induced graphene (LIG) circuits and laser-printed nanomaterials based working electrodes fabricated by fully automatic laser manufacturing is proposed for non-invasive human kidney function monitoring. The sensor comprises a two-electrode LIG circuit for K+ sensing, a three-electrode LIG circuit with a Kelvin compensating connection for Cre and Lac sensing, and a printed circuit board based portable electrochemical workstation. The working electrodes containing Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles fabricated by two-step laser printing show good sensitivity and selectivity toward Cre and Lac sensing. The sensor circuits are fabricated by generating a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface on a patterned LIG through laser. This sensor recruited rapid laser manufacturing and integrated with multifunctional LIG circuits and laser-printed nanomaterials based working electrodes, which is a potential kidney function monitoring solution for healthy people and kidney disease patients.

The effect of NaCl concentration on impact-sliding fretting corrosion behavior of Inconel 690TT heat transfer tubes

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of NaCl solution with different concentrations on impact-sliding fretting corrosion behavior of Inconel 690TT steam generator heat transfer tubes.Design/methodology/approachThe optical 3D profiler was used to measure the wear profile and calculated the wear volume. Corrosion behavior was studied using open circuit potential monitoring and potentiodynamic polarization testing. The morphologies and elemental distributions of wear scars were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The synergism of wear and corrosion was analyzed according to the ASTM G119 standard.FindingsThe corrosion tendency reflected by OCP and the corrosion current calculated by Tafel both increased with the increase of NaCl concentration. The total volume loss of the material increased with concentration, and it was known from the synergism that the volume loss caused by corrosion-enhanced wear accounted for the largest proportion, while the wear-enhanced corrosion also made a greater contribution to volume loss than tangential fretting corrosion. Through the analysis of the material morphologies and synergism of wear and corrosion, the damage mechanism was elucidated.Originality/valueThe research findings can provide reference for impact-sliding fretting corrosion behavior of Inconel 690TT heat transfer tubes in NaCl solution with different concentrations.

Neuromonitoring in a Case with Midbrain Cavernoma Operated in Sitting Position: Unveiling the Complexities

AbstractThe sitting position is often utilized for mid-brain cavernoma excision due to its several surgical advantages. Intraoperative neuromonitoring aids dynamic functional assessment of neural structures in real-time. In this case report, we discuss the anesthetic management of a patient scheduled for midbrain cavernoma excision in a sitting position. Evoked potential monitoring was performed as the tumor was in proximity to cortico-spinal tracts. We used a combination of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics for the maintenance of anesthesia. Intraoperatively significant events included two episodes of venous air embolism, and loss of motor evoked potentials during the resection of the tumor. These complications were promptly recognized and managed. In the early postoperative period, the patient had motor power 3/5 in flexors of the right upper limb, which improved to normal by Day 5. Thus, good communication among anesthesiologists, neurologists, and surgeons helped identify altered evoked potential signals early, aiding the modification of dissection accordingly.