Potential Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

Eff ect of Gymnema sylvestre in the Control of Diabetes: A Review

Gymnema sylvestre is a plant of the Asclepiadaceae family that grows worldwide. It is one of the most potent medicinal plants. G. sylvestre leaves are commonly utilised in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.In Indian herbal medicines, it is used as a diuretic drug. The most important active chemical ingredient taken out from the Gymnema plant are gymnemic acids which help prevent glucose absorption. This herb is famous for its antihelmentic, anti-infl ammatory, diuretic and stomach-friendly qualities. Leucoderma, constipation, hemorrhoids, jaundice, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and dyspepsia are said to be treated with this plant. The Gymnema leaves are chewed to reduce the appetite for sweet and bitter items and applied on the aff ected body regions to heal a variety of illnesses. An examination of the literature found that the plant has anti-infl ammatory, anti-obesity, hypolipidaemic, antidiabetic, free radical scavenging and antibacterial properties. According to literature reviews, Gymnema is an extensively used plant for the cure and management of a lot of disorders and is a key constituent in numerous ayurvedic formulations. However, scientists have not made much eff ort to prove its effi cacy. The current review focuses on G. sylvestre’s folk and ayurvedic usage and pharmacognostic, pharmacological and phytochemical research. G. sylvestre may aid weight reduction by reducing sweet cravings and controlling blood sugar levels. This review highlights the plant description, literature and phytochemistry of G. sylvestre. It also talks briefl y about diabetes mellitus and how G. sylvestre can be useful in the treatment of it. We also discuss about the side eff ects and toxicity of it.

Ethnopharmacological Review of Medicinal Plants for Brain Disorders - A Review

It is customary to use plants to treat human diseases. There has been a recent Resurgence of interest. Field studies on ethnobotany have been conducted in a Variety of developing nations worldwide. It shows worry over the potential loss Of important knowledge regarding conventional medicine. Many times, Neurological problems are not seen as common ailments. Like epilepsy, which is The most severe chronic ailment, they are mental illnesses. Millions of individuals Are affected. Other diseases, such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, meningitis, and Stroke. Speaking, breathing, movement, mood, and memory are all impacted by Nervous system problems. A comprehensive treatment option is herbal medicine. Growing these significant herbs will increase the ecosystem’s terrestrial diversity And aid in biodiversity preservation [1]. Nerve illnesses are Centella asiatica, Avena sativa, Lagenaria sicerana, Cassia tora, and Cassia fistula. A taxonomy Categorization can be constructed based on medical applications and the Relationships inferred between the many medicinal plant species’ biochemical Attributes and medicinal purposes. Additionally to molecular characterisation, Tissue culture studies Do this. The most potent medicinal plant used to treat Nervous disorders can be obtained, and significant medicinal plant gene flow will Increase terrestrial biodiversity [2].

Evaluating the Anti‐Gastric Ulcer Activity of Aegle marmelos: A Brief Review

AbstractGastric ulcer is a deep hole in the stomach wall that penetrates the entire mucosa. About 10 % of the world population suffers from gastrointestinal tract disorders frequently known as gastric ulcers. Synthetic drugs are used to prevent gastric ulcers by suppressing the formation of gastric acid or stopping bacterial infections, however, these synthetic drugs have a number of harmful effects. Therefore, drug candidates with improved potency and minimal toxicity are crucial for the treatment and management of gastric ulcers. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the medicinal potential of plants and their ability to treat gastric ulcers. There is an urgent need for herbal remedies to treat ulcers, and Aegle marmelos presents a better option due to scientifically proven antibacterial and antiulcer properties. In this context, A. marmelos highlights various benefits including anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is well known that every component of A. marmelos has therapeutic and medical use. The two main causes of stomach ulcers are Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDs. A. marmelos shows strong antioxidant and antiulcer effects and guard against H. pylori‐caused ulcers on the stomach mucosa by inhibiting secretory factors and activating antioxidant processes.

Development and in vitro characterization of a mucoadhesive gel with Moringa oleifera extract for periodontal drug delivery.

Extensive in vitro and in vivo research has been conducted in the previous decades to analyze the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Moringa oleifera is a highly potent medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties. In our study, we aim to design, formulate, and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of M. oleifera extract for local drug delivery (LDD) as periodontal treatment. This study was an in vitro experimental model. M. oleifera extract was prepared using a maceration process with powdered dried leaves of M. oleifera and 70% ethanol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Moringa extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis was assessed using the broth dilution method. The gel was prepared with the obtained MIC of Moringa extract and a combination of polymers- Polyethylene glycol 6000, Carbopol 940, and Chitosan. Further, the formulated gel was subjected to in vitro characterization by thermodynamic stability tests, pH determination, and syringeability test. Viscosity was determined using Brookfield DV-II + Viscometer. Mucoadhesive strength was determined using a fabricated mucoadhesive strength test apparatus. M. oleifera leaves extract possesses a bactericidal effect against P. gingivalis even at a low amounts of 25 μg/ml and so is a potent botanical extract for the formulation of LDD agents for periodontal diseases. The formulation shows adequate stability, good mucoadhesiveness, and controlled drug release, on incorporating the herbal extract into the blank gel. The M. oleifera leaves extract possesses a bactericidal effect against P. gingivalis which has been suggested to be the keystone pathogen in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, M. oleifera leaves extract can be used to treat periodontal diseases as a LDD agent.

Ultraviolet-B and Heavy Metal-Induced Regulation of Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants: A Review.

Despite a rich history and economic importance, the potential of medicinal plants has not been fully explored under different abiotic stress conditions. Penetration of UV-B radiation and contamination of heavy metals are two important environmental stress for plants with remarkable influence on the defense-related and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. UV-B and heavy metal contamination may become a critical issue that either positively or negatively affects the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites. Such effects may result from changes in the expression level of genes that encode the corresponding enzymes or the inactivation and/or stimulation of specific enzymes involved in the different biosynthetic pathways of the secondary metabolites. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the impact of UV-B and heavy metals individually and in combination on the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants is discussed in the present review.

The Potential of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products in the Treatment of Burns and Sunburn—A Review

Treating burns remains a challenge for modern medicine, especially in developing countries that cannot afford expensive, advanced therapies. This review article summarises clinical and animal model studies of botanical preparations and their mixtures in treating burn wounds and sunburn. Articles available in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar, published in English in 2010-2022, were considered. In the described clinical trials, it was shown that some herbal preparations have better effectiveness in treating burn wounds, including shortening the healing time and reducing inflammation, than the conventional treatment used hitherto. These herbal preparations contained extracts from Albizia julibrissin, Alkanna tinctoria, Aloe vera, Arnebia euchroma, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, Centella asiatica, Hippophaë rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis, and mixtures of Matricaria chamomilla and Rosa canina. Research on animal models shows that many extracts may potentially benefit the treatment of burn wounds and sunburn. Due to the diverse mechanism of action, antibacterial activity, the safety of use and cost-effectiveness, herbal preparations can compete with conventional treatment. The growing interest in alternative medicine and herbal medicine encourages further research. Not only single preparations but also their mixtures should be taken into account because the research conducted so far often suggests a synergistic effect of the ingredients.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.: A Review on its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity

Background: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (Oleaceae) is a traditional therapeutic plant, highly used in Ayurveda for a wide range of activities, such as anthelmintic, antipyretic, laxative, rheumatism, skin ailments, and sedative. Aims of the review: This review aims to furnish up-to-date details on botanical characterization, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. with the exploitation of future research on more curative treatments as well. Methods: The available information was reviewed using different e-tools, including PubMed (National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect, Wiley, Elsevier, Springer. The scientific name is verified from 'The Plant 'List' (www.theplantlist.org) and 'Kew Royal Botanic 'Gardens' (mpns.kew.org). Results: Crude extracts and isolated compounds of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. have been found pharmacologically active as hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, antiviral, antifungal, antipyretic, antihistaminic, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities it was widely for intermittent fevers and arthritis treatment. The major classes of biologically active compounds are their iridoid, glucosides, essential oils, hydrocarbons, alkaloids, benzofurans, cyclohexylethanoid, fatty acids, sterols, and terpenoid. Conclusions: Phytochemical studies and Nyctanthes arbour-tristis Linn's pharmacological activities indicated it as a potential medicinal plant for various ailments. However, more research is crucial to investigate the mode of action of the plant's bioactive constituents and its therapeutic potential.

TOXIC SYMPTOMS IN WISTAR STRAIN RATS ON SINGLE AND REPEATED DOSAGE FROM THE EXTRACT OF RED BETEL LEAF (Piper crocatum) AS A TOXICITY TEST OF PERIODONTAL POCKET THERAPY

Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is one of the potential medicinal plants known to have properties to cure various diseases. The main components of betel leaf exhibit antiseptic, bactericidal, and antioxidant effects. The betel leaf was concentrated into an essential oil containing the antiseptic chemical. The antibacterial power of betel leaf essential oil is due to the content of phenolic compounds and their derivatives that can denature bacterial cell proteins, so it was considered to have potential as a material that could develop for periodontal therapy. After going through the stages of toxicity testing and repeated dose in terms of mortality, changes in body weight, and relative organ index of Wistar strain rats, the study continued to observe the effects that occurred after using single and repeated doses of 100, 400, and 1000 mg/kg BW in vivo using red betel leaf extract with the parameters of observing the behavior of rats studied for 14 days. Observation of the behavior of the test animals on toxic symptoms at each visit consisted of motor activity, straub phenomenon, piloerection, ptosis, corneal reflex, pineal reflex, lacrimation, vasodilation, catalepsy, dangling, reestablishment, walking backwards, circular walking, flexion, haffner, writhing, grooming, tremor, body shaking, vocalizations, urination, defecation, heart rate, salivation, mortality, posture, and breath changes before and after dosing for 14 days. From the observations, the analysis of the data obtained is primary data. Primary data in the form of qualitative data was obtained from data on effects that occurred after the rats were given a dose. After processing the data, the data is presented in tabular and narrative form based on the observations by showing the test dose used, the number of animals showing a toxic effect, the time of onset of a toxic effect and the percentage of animals in a group showing a toxic result. Based on the results of the study, red betel leaf extract with doses of 100, 400, and 1,000 mg/kg BW which was observed on the first and 14th days, did not cause toxic symptoms in all groups of rats, both on single administration and repeated administration for 14 days.

Antimalarial efficacy and toxicological assessment of medicinal plant ingredients of Prabchompoothaweep remedy as a candidate for antimalarial drug development

BackgroundDrug resistance exists in almost all antimalarial drugs currently in use, leading to an urgent need to identify new antimalarial drugs. Medicinal plant use is an alternative approach to antimalarial chemotherapy. This study aimed to explore potent medicinal plants from Prabchompoothaweep remedy for antimalarial drug development.MethodsForty-eight crude extracts from Prabchompoothaweep remedy and its 23 plants ingredients were investigated in vitro for antimalarial properties using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) enzyme against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain and toxicity effects were evaluated in Vero cells. The plant with promising antimalarial activity was further investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify phytochemicals. Antimalarial activity in mice was evaluated using a four-day suppressive test against Plasmodium berghei ANKA at dose of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, and acute toxicity was analyzed.ResultsOf the 48 crude extracts, 13 (27.08%) showed high antimalarial activity against the K1 strain of P. falciparum (IC50 < 10 μg/ml) and 9 extracts (18.75%) were moderately active (IC50 = 11–50 μg/ml). Additionally, the ethanolic extract of Prabchompoothaweep remedy showed moderate antimalarial activity against the K1 strain of P. falciparum (IC50 = 14.13 μg/ml). Based on in vitro antimalarial and toxicity results, antimalarial activity of the aqueous fruit extract of Terminalia arjuna (IC50 = 4.05 μg/ml and CC50 = 219.6 μg/ml) was further studied in mice. GC-MS analysis of T. arjuna extract identified 22 compounds. The most abundant compounds were pyrogallol, gallic acid, shikimic acid, oleamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 1,1-diethoxy-ethane, quinic acid, and furfural. Analysis of the four-day suppressive test indicated that T. arjuna extract at dose of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed the Plasmodium parasites by 28.33, 45.77, and 67.95%, respectively. In the acute toxicity study, T. arjuna extract was non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg body weight.ConclusionsThe aqueous fruit extract of T. arjuna exerts antimalarial activity against Plasmodium parasites found in humans (P. falciparum K1) and mice (P. berghei ANKA). Acute toxicity studies showed that T. arjuna extract did not show any lethality or adverse effects up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg.

Indigenous-Amazonian Traditional Medicine's Usage of the Tobacco Plant: A Transdisciplinary Ethnopsychological Mixed-Methods Case Study.

Harmful usage of tobacco is a global public health problem associated with adverse health effects and addiction. Yet, in the Peruvian Amazon, the native region of Nicotiana rustica L., this plant is used in remarkably different manners: it is considered a potent medicinal plant, applied in liquid form for oral ingestion to treat mental health problems, a common and ancient healing practice in this region. Using a transdisciplinary field research approach with mixed ethnopsychological methods, this work aimed to report for the first time a case study in this context. The intervention took place in the Peruvian Amazon (Loreto) and involved ritual tobacco ingestion in a weeklong retreat-like frame, administered by a specialized traditional Amazonian healer. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with diagnosed mood, anxiety, and attention deficit disorders, as well as a chronic somatic condition. We applied qualitative experience-sampling during and quantitative symptom assessments pre- and post-treatment. Our findings offer a detailed description of the experiential therapeutic process during the treatment week and suggest clinically relevant improvements in patient well-being. This work is significant in view of the globally prevalent harmful uses of tobacco and the current scientific trend of revisiting herbal psychoactives (e.g., cannabis, psilocybin) for their therapeutic potentials.

The application of medicinal plants in the local community of Gantara Forest, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract. Hamzah N, Husna, Ruslin, Arba M. 2022. The application of medicinal plants in the local community of Gantara Forest, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6557-6563. The local community around Forest Management Unit (FMU) Gantara (Gantara Forest) has traditionally utilized medicinal plants, especially people in Liwu Metingki Village of Muna District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, yet the least information on its application has been recorded. This study investigated the traditional application of medicinal plants by the local community nearby Gantara Forest, specifically Liwu Metingki Village. Exploratory research was implemented using the multi-method approach of field observation and a semi-structured interview with 17 traditional practitioners living around Gantara Forest. The study successfully collected and identified 34 potential medicinal plants in 20 families to treat 21 diseases. Most plants have a habitus of the tree (39%), which 67% of the local community apply as traditional herbs. Boiling has become the most popular practice in using medicinal plants of the local community (45%) to obtain benefits from the plants against internal diseases (37%). This finding demonstrates the vital role of sustainable management of Gantara Forest for human health. With this finding, the community is strongly expected to understand the significant role of medicinal plants, so they can attempt to protect the plants by, for example, planting them in their yards.

The medicinal potential of plants from the Adenostemma genus

The medicinal potential of plants from the Adenostemma genus

A phytochemical and pharmacological review on Dalbergia sissoo: A potential medicinal plant

A phytochemical and pharmacological review on Dalbergia sissoo: A potential medicinal plant

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA LEAF, STEM AND ROOT EXTRACTS

Erythrina variegata is a potent medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. Present investigation was carried out the preliminary phytochemical screening of the Erythrina variegata to evaluate the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, quinones, saponins by using different parts of the plant extracts such as leaf, stem and root in five different solvent systems (methanol, butanol, chloroform, ethanol, and distilled water) by cold maceration technique. According to our evaluation the high intensity of secondary metabolites like alkaloids and glycosides were strongly observed in leaf butanol extract and complete absence of saponins except in aqueous solvent was seen. In stem extracts butanol and chloroform were more efficient solvents for alkaloids, glycosides, tannins and moderate for phenols and steroids. The results of root extract revealed the strong presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides inbutanol extract. Due to its efficiency in butanolic extract Erythrina variegata was used to test anti-bacterial activity. Which showed the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis in leaf and root extract whereas in stem butanolic extract highest zone of inhibition was against Proteus vulgaris.

Indian traditional medicinal plants in ophthalmic diseases.

Traditional herbal plants have been in use since ancient times to treat ophthalmic conditions; so, the aim of this study is to evaluate some potent Indian traditional medicinal plants used in ophthalmic diseases in order to summarize their potential effect in ophthalmology along with their mechanism of action. Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were extensively explored. Additionally, relevant textbooks and literatures were consulted to summarize most of the considerable scientific literature for the review. Search term included ophthalmology, glaucoma, cataract, trachoma, conjunctivitis, traditional medicines, Unani drugs, and ayurvedic drugs were used. Around 80 review articles were consulted from the year 1982 to 2021. The traditional medicinal plants are easily available, cost-effective and have no associated side effects in comparison to current conventional treatments. Moreover, these drugs in oppose to modern medicine, have an inherent potential to accelerate the body's own immunity to fight against any infection. A large volume of scientific studies has reported the beneficial effects of traditional drugs in ophthalmology. This review, therefore, describes the potential benefits and uses of some traditional medicinal plants used in ophthalmic diseases.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera Cordifolia) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Binahong is one of the plants that can treat various types of diseases, especially infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are the main cause of high morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia and the most common is Staphylococcus aureus. Binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia) is a potential medicinal plant that can overcome various types of diseases and has inhibitory power against bacteria. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of binahong leaf extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by measuring the inhibition zone formed. The materials used are binahong leaf extract and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This type of research is experimental using disc paper with levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. In Muller Hinton media for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, the diameter of the inhibition zone formed was measured. The results showed that the highest value of the inhibition zone of the binahong leaf extract was at a concentration of 80% with an inhibitory zone of 9.78 and the lowest was at a concentration of 10% with an inhibitory zone of 8.63. The effectiveness of the best binahong leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is at a concentration of 80%. This indicates that the binahong leaf extract has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Abstrak

Secondary Metabolites of Various Indonesian Medicinal Plants as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors: In Silico Study

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Corona virus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection emerged in late 2019 and still become a worldwide pandemic up to this point with the drug remain unavailable. Meanwhile, Indonesia has an abundance variety of medicinal plants that are potential to be developed as inhibitors. By using the key role proteins as drug targets, namely spike glycoprotein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (which is known as strongly transmitted and highly virulent), we can develop inhibitors for the target proteins from potential Indonesian medicinal plants to prevent the protein interactions for viral entry and proliferation that leading to organ disfunction and death. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites of various Indonesian medicinal plants as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The 184 ligands from nine plants were collected from IJAH webserver and their SMILES notation were collected from PubChem. Meanwhile 3D structures of spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VXX) and RdRp (PDB ID: 6M71) were obtained from protein data bank (PDB). Molecular docking was conducted between ligands and the two SARS-CoV-2 proteins using Autodock Vina in PyRx with hesperidin and remdesivir as control compounds. Several potential compounds were selected for drug-likeness analysis and toxicity analysis. Results showed that lantanolic acid has the same amino acid interaction with RdRp as the control compound. It formed a hydrogen bond with Ser784 and hydrophobic bonds with Tyr32 and Ser7709. It had lower binding affinity than the control compounds, eligible as oral drug, and had LD50 of 2589 mg/kg.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Determination of Local People Consensus in the Use Of Medicinal Plants of Thakurgaon District

Consensus in the use of medicinal plants is one of the criteria to find the potential medicinal plants for further in-depth investigation. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the people consensus in the use of medicinal plants in Thakurgaon district. Data of medicinal plants were recorded using key informant interviews, semi structured interviews and group discussion. A total of 102 medicinal plant species under 49 families with 185 formularies to treat 54 ailments were recorded from the study area. The most frequently utilized plant species are trees (38%) followed by herbs (34%), shrubs (18%) and climbers (10%). The major part used for medicines was leaf. Oral consumption was the main mode of treatment in the study area followed by external application. The top Fic value was obtained in case of heart diseases (0.92). The most cited species used to treat this ailment was Allium sativum, Phyllanthus emblica, Spondias pinnata and Terminalia arjuna. The second highest Fic value was found in respiratory disorders (0.89) followed by cuts and wounds (0.85), skin diseases (0.84) and gastrointestinal disorders (0.81). In case of Fl value, Allium sativum, Spondias pinnata, Cynodon dactylon, Lawsonia inermis, Zingiber officinale, Saccharum officinarum, Tagetes erecta and Baccaurea ramiflora were showed 100%. The species of higher citation frequency were Allium sativum, Phyllanthus emblica, Spondias pinnata, Terminalia arjuna, Cynodon dactylon and Ocimum sanctum. This study recommends that the species which showed high Fic, Fl, Cf values could be used for further phytochemical analysis to investigate active compounds for the discovery of new drugs from medicinal plants. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 29(2): 345-360, 2022 (December)

Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Extracts and Carpachromene from the Stem of Ficus benghalensis.

Ficus benghalensis is one of the potential medicinal plants which is used locally for the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes, antiasthmatic, and wound healing. To provide a scientific background to these folklores, the current study was designed to evaluate the extract and isolated compound against various enzymes such as ureases, tyrosinase, and phosphodiesterase. The methanolic extract and carpachromene demonstrated a significant urease inhibition effect with maximum percent inhibition of 72.09 and 92.87%, respectively. Regarding the tyrosinase inhibition, the percent antagonist effect of carpachromene and the methanolic extract was 84.80 and 70.98%, respectively. The phosphodiesterase was also significantly antagonized by crude extract and carpachromene with a maximum percent inhibition of 82.98% and 89.54%, respectively. The docking study demonstrated that the carpachromene fits well into the active site of all three enzymes with significant interactions. Carpachromene might possess the potential to inhibit all three enzymes and can effectively treat different diseases associated with the hyperactivity of these enzymes. In conclusion, the crude extract and carpachromene exhibit significant urease, tyrosinase, and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity which might be used against various diseases. In conclusion, the crude extract and carpachromene exhibit significant urease, tyrosinase, and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity which might be used against diabetes and bronchoconstriction. Further, the current study provides scientific backup to the folklore (antidiabetic and antiasthmatic) of Ficus benghalensis.

Bioprospection of Potential Medicinal Plant Diversity in the Wana Lestari Community Forest, Karang Sidemen Village

Medicinal potential plants that are scattered in community forest areas have opportunities that can be utilized in ecosystem-based sustainable forest management. Considering the potential medicinal plants have played a major role in maintaining the health condition of the community around the forest from generation to generation. This study aims to determine the abundance of medicinal plant species in the Wana Lestari Community Forest, Karang Sidemen Village based on the value of the Ecological Index. The research method used is Stratified Random Sampling with Replacement with a total of 59 research sample plots. The results showed that the types of medicinal plants at the level of trees, poles, saplings, seedlings, shrubs, bush, terna, lianas, and ferns which had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) were D. zibethinus (72.42%) trees level, D. zibethinus (111.82%) poles level, C. canephora (144.98%) saplings level, C. canephora (109.64%) seedlings level, C. frutescens L (70.33%) shrubs level, H. capitata Jacq. (103.07%) bushs level, C. prostrata (26.69%) ternas level, M. cordata (92.46%) lianas level, and D. esculentum (169.39%) ferns level. The Morishita index shows that most species at the trees, shrubs, bushes, ternas, lianas, and ferns levels spread in groups while most of the plant species at the pole, sapling, and seedling levels spread randomly. In addition, the Species Diversity Index (H') of medicinal plants showed values ​​at the level of trees (2.08), poles (1.92), saplings (1.16), seedlings (1.72), shrubs (1.8), bushs (1.79), ternas (2.94), lianas (1.44) and ferns (0.53). Furthermore, the value of the species richness index (R1) of plants with medicinal potential is at the level of the tree (2.68), poles (2.82), saplings (1.93), seedlings (1.72), shrubs (1.84), bushs (2.22), ternas (4.17), lianas (1.87) and ferns (0.38). The evenness index value (E') of medicinal potential plants is at the level of trees (0.73), poles (0.75), saplings (0.48), seedlings (0.61), shrubs (0.92), bushs (0.7), ternas (0.82), lianas (0.58) and ferns (0.49).