Potential Stability Research Articles

Crab Harvesting, Sustainability Issues, and International Trade: Insights from Russia

This article aims to analyze Russia’s efforts, both domestically and internationally, to combat illicit crab harvesting and safeguard its marine resources. A comparison of total crab imports and allowable catch in Russian waters from 1990 to 2022 indicates a peak in shadow activities during the mid-2000s, with a cessation of large-scale illegal fishing observed since 2013. A narrative analysis of institutional shifts reveals that the bolstering of internal oversight, heightened accountability for harvesters, and enhanced global cooperation have been pivotal in fostering these positive dynamics. Concerning trends, however, emerged towards the beginning of the current decade, indicating potential instability within the legal framework of the crab industry. Persistent statistical discrepancies in trade with South Korea, diminishing institutional capacities within Russia to combat shadow activities, and heightened media scrutiny of illicit crab harvesting underscore the need for sustained vigilance in addressing both internal and external dimensions of this multifaceted problem.

DISCOID MENISCUS

Discoid meniscus (DM) is a congenital variant of the knee joint that involves morphological and structural deformation, with potential meniscal instability. The prevalence of the Discoid Lateral Meniscus (DLM) is higher among the Asians than among other races, and both knees are often involved. Meniscal pathology is widely prevalent in the adult population, secondary to acute trauma and chronic degeneration. The true prevalence in children remains unknown, as pathologies such as discoid menisci often go undiagnosed, or are only found incidentally. A torn or unstable discoid meniscus can present with symptoms of knee pain, a snapping or clicking sensation and/or a decrease in functional activity, although it is not known if a specific presentation is indicative of a torn DM. While simple radiographs may provide indirect signs of DLM, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning. Asymptomatic patients require close follow-up without surgical treatment, while patients with symptoms often require surgery. Partial meniscectomy is currently considered the treatment of choice for DLM. For children are more likely to achieve better results after partial meniscectomy.

Sustainable Application of Pyrolytic Oxygen Furnace Slag in Cement-Stabilized Macadam: Volume Stability, Mechanical Properties, and Environmental Impact

As an industrial waste, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag is an ideal substitute for natural rubble and sand. However, its potential instability of volume restricts the application of the BOF slag in engineering. This study aims at investigating the volume stability and mechanical properties of BOF slag and its application as an aggregate in cement-stabilized macadam. As part of this research, the physicochemical properties, especially the volume stability, of two types of BOF slags and andesite were first studied. Then, mechanical properties, volume stability, and an environment analysis are used to evaluate the application of pyrolytic BOF slag in cement-stabilized macadam. The experimental results show that different types of BOF slags have similar thermal expansion coefficients, which are higher than andesite. The free CaO content of pyrolytic BOF slag is much lower than that of ordinary BOF slag and the volume expansion of pyrolytic BOF slag is less than 0.5%. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of cement-stabilized macadam using pyrolytic BOF slag is about 30% higher than that of andesite. Although the water loss rate is higher than a natural aggregate, dry shrinkage of pyrolytic BOF slag cement-stabilized macadam is about 30–50% less than that of a natural aggregate. Meanwhile, its shrinking speed is also slower than that of a natural aggregate. The micro-expansion properties of pyrolytic BOF slag could effectively partially offset the shrinkage characteristics of cement-stabilized macadam. Finally, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test results indicated that the metal leaching concentration meets the Chinese environmental standards. This study provides a direction for the large-scale and effective sustainable application of pyrolytic BOF slag.

Nature-based solutions for regulating moisture content in an expansive clay soil

Land degradation in the form of mass movement is a major challenge in the humid tropics, where intense rainfall and tropical cyclones are common. Rainfall increases soil moisture content, which often acts as a triggering factor for mass movement events, particularly in clay soils with expansive minerals, where moisture changes impact structural integrity. Growing evidence suggests that Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can regulate soil moisture levels, which can assist in maintaining cohesion and hence reduce slope instability. This paper examines soil moisture changes due to Coconut Matting (CM), Coconut Matting-Natural Vegetation Hybrid (CMNV), Natural Vegetation (NV), and Vetiver grass (VET) and discusses moisture content regulation as it relates to slope stability, with a particular focus on expansive clays. Soil moisture trends were measured for 90 days at four depths (20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, and 100 cm) using soil moisture loggers, while precipitation levels were monitored using a rain gauge. GLM ANOVA analysis showed a significant depth*treatment interaction (P < 0.05) on soil moisture. The Vetiver grass treatment had the lowest soil moisture levels, with a (27.62 %) reduction compared to the control (bare plot). The CMNV treatment had the second-greatest-% soil moisture reduction (7.68 %). Contrastingly, CM and NV resulted in limited moisture reduction (1.99 %) and (0.73 %) respectively. The role of Vetiver grass was therefore highlighted in mitigating water saturation towards preventing potential slope instability.

Multiscale drivers of catastrophic heavy rainfall event in early August 2022 in South Korea

On 8–11 August 2022, South Korea experienced a catastrophic heavy rainfall event (HRE) with 14 fatalities. To elucidate its driving mechanisms, the present study performs a multiscale analysis by hierarchically delineating the synoptic and large-scale characteristics of the HRE. Its synoptic condition was featured by the confrontation of the western North Pacific subtropical high and the continental cyclone in the north of the Korean Peninsula. At their interface, a tremendous amount of moisture was transported in an elongated shape (i.e., atmospheric river) along with strong frontogenetic activity. This provided a favorable environment for potential instability. The continental cyclone was maintained throughout the HRE period, while a transient cyclone was superposed contributing to more intense rainfall in the early stage of the HRE. This persistent cyclone in the north of the Korean Peninsula originated from a far-upstream-originated cutoff low that became a part of the quasi-stationary wave train along the Asian subtropical jet. A linear model experiment suggests that the quasi-stationary wave train was excited by the enhanced tropical convection related to the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. The anomalously strong subtropical jet also acted as an effective waveguide. These results suggest that the integration of synoptic and large-scale processes is essential to understand this unprecedented HRE.

Automated classification of saffron and broadleaf weeds of Flixweed and Hoary Cress using deep learning and color images

Today, the use of precision agriculture strategies that lead to effective weed management and minimize damage to crops is of great importance. In this research, color images and deep learning were used to distinguish Saffron from two common broadleaf weeds, namely Hoary Cress and Flixweed. A total of 291 photos of the three classes were taken under completely natural field conditions. The image data were resized to 150 × 150 pixels, normalized to [0,1] range, and then augmented. A total of 24 deep learning models with varying architectures and parameters were evaluated to identify the most optimal structure. The proposed models were established on the Xception network and leveraged initial weights from ImageNet via the transfer learning approach. These models underwent fine-tuning and modification by introducing additional layers to the base model. Ultimately, two models were proposed based on their performance in accuracy and loss on test data. One model demonstrated impeccable performance, attaining 100% accuracy and a loss of 0.41, despite potential network instability. It successfully differentiated all classes with precision, recall, and F1-score all at 100%. The second model proposed exhibited a more stable performance with 95% accuracy and a loss of 3.78. It achieved precision ranging from 91% to 100%, recall from 88% to 100%, and F1-score from 91% to 96% across the three classes, showing promising results. The results of this research can be considered as a basis for the development of weed removal robots for the purpose of automatic weed control using precision agriculture strategy.

Gene network-based and ensemble modeling-based selection of tumor-associated antigens with a predicted low risk of tissue damage for targeted immunotherapy

BackgroundTumor-associated antigens and their derived peptides constitute an opportunity to design off-the-shelf mainline or adjuvant anti-cancer immunotherapies for a broad array of patients. A performant and rational antigen selection pipeline...

An experimental study on the flame instability of NH3/DME blends with H2 addition

It is of significance to investigate the effect of H2 on the combustion of NH3/DME blends since NH3 can partially decompose to produce hydrogen (H2) in the combustion process. However, few studies were conducted on NH3/DME/H2 mixtures, especially for flame instability. This work presents an experimental study of the flame instability of NH3/DME blends with H2 addition. Experiments were conducted using the spherical constant-volume combustion method at φ = 0.7 – 1.4, Tu = 298 K. The influences of NH3/DME blend ratio (BNH3/DME = 80/60, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80), initial pressure (Pu = 0.1 – 0.5 MPa), and H2 fraction (XH2 = 0%, 20%, and 40%) on the flame instability were examined in detail. The results show that increasing either DME fraction or initial pressure can promote the hydrodynamic instability of NH3/DME/air flames because of the decreased flame thickness. For both XH2 = 0% and 20%, the cellular flame instability with BNH3/DME = 40/60 and 20/80 increases with increasing equivalence ratio. For XH2 = 40%, the flame instability shows a similar trend with BNH3/DME = 20/80, but the most unstable flame appears around stoichiometric combustion with BNH3/DME = 40/60. This is due to the compound effects of the diffusive-thermal imbalance and hydrodynamic instability for lean or rich fuel, while the diffusive-thermal instability can be neglected for stoichiometric combustion. Therefore, an effective control of H2 or DME addition can help enhance the combustion performance of the fuel while reducing the occurrence of dangerous events caused by potential flame instabilities. In addition, critical parameters, i.e., critical flame radius rcr, critical Peclet number Pecr, and critical Karlovitz stretch factor Kacr were analyzed to quantify the onset of flame instability. This work provides insights into the flame instabilities of NH3/DME with H2 addition.

Analysis of Soil Improvement Through PVD and Vacuum Preloading with Several Equivalent Permeability Methods

Vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is one of the common soft soil improvement methods. Soft soils often pose significant problems in construction projects due to their low shear strength and high compressibility, leading to settlement issues and potential structural instability. The PVD combined with vacuum preloading method addresses these problems by accelerating the consolidation process and minimizing settlement during service period. The acceleration occurs due to the presence of PVD, allowing dissipation of excess pore water in horizontal direction towards the PVD. Thereafter, the water in the PVD is drained to the surface. When modelled in 2D, PVD behaves as a continuous drain in the plane strain direction, causing the flow conditions to deviate from the actual conditions. To address this issue, equivalent soil permeability values is required, allowing the 2D model to produce results closely resembling the actual conditions. This research explores the improvement of PVD vacuum preloading through three equivalent permeability approaches. Utilizing field monitoring data, which includes settlement measurements from settlement plates, changes in pore water pressure recorded by piezometers, and lateral deformation data captured by inclinometers, the study evaluates the effectiveness of these approaches. Comparative analyses with field monitoring data reveal that Indraratna equivalent permeability method has the best fit. The integration of PVD and vacuum preloading, coupled with the refinement of equivalent permeability methodologies, offers a promising solution for addressing soft soil problems in geotechnical engineering. This research contributes to the practical application of these methods in construction projects, emphasizing their potential to enhance soil stabilization and reduce settlement-related risks.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TEMPORAL MODEL AND SPATIAL CORRELATION METHODS FOR PERSISTENT SCATTERER DETERMINATION IN LANDSLIDE PRONE AREAS

Abstract. The Philippines is no stranger to natural hazards. Aside from flooding, landslides emerge as a primary contributor to damage dealt by natural hazards. Traditional methods for landslide monitoring require on-site field measurements, which makes them resource-intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, the frequency of updating of existing landslide hazard maps is limited by resources and manpower. This research introduces the application of remote sensing technology, specifically Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI), as a complementary tool for updating hazard maps. PSI enables the identification of stable ground points, eliminating the need for labor-intensive fieldwork and facilitating assessments of potential slope instability. Two distinct PSI processing methods are evaluated in the study; the Temporal Model approach and the Spatial Correlation model approach. Findings reveal that the Temporal Model approach successfully detected 11,647 Persistent Scatterers (PS) points, while the Spatial Correlation approach identified 272,614 PS points. Furthermore, the Spatial Correlation approach demonstrated its capability to detect PS points within high landslide susceptibility areas. Consequently, the results highlight the suitability of the Spatial Correlation approach for detecting PS points, particularly in landslide-prone regions, offering support to local landslide hazard monitoring systems. This research supports the initiative to a more efficient and cost-effective approach to maintaining up-to-date landslide susceptibility maps in the Philippines in enhancing disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts.

Fuzzy bounces

We observe that the energy and the enthalpy densities can be smeared by two fudge factors that are constrained by the contracted Bianchi identities. Depending on the analytic properties of the smearing functions the underlying cosmological solutions belong to two physically different classes, namely the bounces of the scale factor and the curvature bounces. While the curvature bounces are naturally compatible with a stage of accelerated expansion, the bounces of the scale factor demand an early phase of accelerated contraction even if a short inflationary stage may arise prior to the decelerated regime. Despite the regularity of the underlying solutions, gradient instabilities and singularities do occasionally appear in the evolution of curvature inhomogeneities. After deducing the specific criteria behind these occurrences, the background-independent conclusions are corroborated by a series of concrete examples associated with different forms of the smearing functions. The evolution of the curvature inhomogeneities restricts the ranges of the solutions that turn out to be unsuitable even for a limited description of the pre-inflationary initial data. The same observation holds in the case of the gauge-invariant evolution of the matter density contrast. It is however not excluded that a class of scenarios (mainly associated with the curvature bounces) could indeed avoid the potential instabilities. All in all the present analysis explore a general approach whose results are relevant in all the contexts where bouncing solutions are invoked either as complementary or as alternative to the conventional inflationary scenarios.

Bouncing behavior in f(R,Lm) gravity: Phantom crossing and energy conditions

In this paper, we investigate the bouncing behavior of the universe within the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, using a simple form of [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] is a free model parameter) as previously studied. The model predicts a vanishing Hubble parameter in the early and late times, with the deceleration parameter approaching a specific limit at the bouncing point. The EoS parameter is observed to cross the phantom divide line ([Formula: see text]) near the bouncing point, indicating a significant transition from a contracting to an expanding phase. The model satisfies the necessary energy conditions for a successful bouncing scenario, with violations indicating exotic matter near the bouncing point. Stability conditions are satisfied for certain values of [Formula: see text] near the bouncing point, but potential instabilities in late-time evolution require further investigation. Finally, we conclude that the [Formula: see text] gravity model is promising for understanding the universe’s dynamics, especially during events like the bouncing phase.

Seep carbonate clumped isotopes revealing ocean warming-induced gas hydrate dissociation

The dissociation of marine methane hydrates due to the increased ocean temperature may be widespread in the context of global warming. However, direct evidence for this phenomenon is limited. Here, we reported the carbon and oxygen isotopes, mineralogy, elements, and clumped isotopes (Δ47) of coring seep carbonates (MIS5e) to explore the influence of temperature changes on gas hydrate stability. The extremely low δ13C and high δ18O values of bulk carbonates (average, −48.1‰ and 4.4‰, respectively) indicated the authigenic carbonates formed from the anaerobic oxidation of methane and gas hydrate dissociation. An anaerobic environmental condition with intense methane seepages was confirmed by the dominant aragonite, Mo enrichment (MoEF averaged as 312), and positive Ce anomalies (averaged as −0.03). The Δ47 values ranged from 0.714 to 0.745, indicating a higher bottom-water temperature (averaged at 7.5 °C) during MIS5e compared with the current seafloor temperature (5.4 °C). This study provides direct evidence for the dissociation of gas hydrate triggered by ocean warming, presenting new insights into potential temperature-induced gas hydrate instability due to global climate warming.

Enhanced pyramidal residual networks for single image super-resolution

Several super-resolution (SR) techniques are introduced in the literature, including traditional and machine learning-based algorithms. Especially, deep learning-based SR approaches emerge with demands for better quality images providing deeper subpixel enhancement. Dealing with the image enhancement task in the satellite images domain, a new SR method for single image SR, namely Enhanced Deep Pyramidal Residual Networks, is introduced in this study. The proposed method overcomes the potential instability problem of Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolution (EDSR) approach by gradually increasing the feature maps depending upon Pyramidal Residual Networks architecture. The EDSR itself is a good algorithm in the SR domain. However, it has a strict structure for increasing the block size. To overcome this problem with the aim of increasing the algorithm’s performance, the pyramidal residual networks gradually increasing hypothesis is utilized in the proposed approach, which is the main contribution and novelty of this study. Besides, by using the pyramidal residual networks gradually increasing hypothesis in the proposed approach, the parameter size of the models is also reduced, which affects the computational time. Two different models are proposed by considering addition and multiplication manners, and the proposed models are evaluated using well-known remote sensing datasets NWPU-RESISC45 and UC Merced. The results obtained by the proposed model are compared with the results of traditional image enhancement algorithms together with the EDSR itself, EDSR with deeper structure, Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks approach, and Residual Local Feature Networks approach in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) metrics and showed that the proposed models present better quality images. Moreover, considering the computational time and complexity, it is shown that some proposed models achieve approximately 27% less output parameter having similar PSNR and SSIM values and computational time for EDSR itself and 65% less output parameter having better PSNR and SSIM values and 16% lower computational time for EDSR with deeper structure.

Treatment of chronic instability of the patella by ligamentoplasty of the medial patellofemoral ligament

Objective and potential Patellofemoral Instability (PFI) is linked to different anatomical anomalies. It has been suggested that in the majority of cases of patellar dislocation, the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) is ruptured with a high recurrence rate, particularly in female patients. Although MPFL tear is not the primary cause of instability, MPFL reconstruction is effective in stabilizing the knee and can single-handedly prevent lateral patellar dislocation. There is limited but growing evidence that MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability leads to excellent functional outcomes. In this work, we report our technique of MPFL reconstruction using the gracilis tendon with a review of recent literature concerning MPFL reconstruction and functional results in the face of objective patellar instabilities treated solely by MPFL reconstruction.

Equivalent density of calcium deposits – a new diagnostic pattern for atherocalcinosis

Objective. To assess the density of the calcified substrate of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries using data from the computed tomography of patients with multifocal atherosclerosis. Material and methods. In 251 patients with verified atherosclerosis of the coronary and carotid arteries, with a high prevalence of angina pectoris, a history of myocardial infarction and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the carotid arteries was performed to assess the calcium index and determine the equivalent density of calcium deposits (EDCD). A morphological sub-study of the material from the removed atherosclerotic plaques was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in 12 patients. Results. According to the MSCT data, we identified 5 main types of calcium deposit location in the thickness of the atherosclerotic plaque. We noted that totally calcified plaques were associated with carotid artery stenosis by more than 30 %. According to the SEM data, we identified 2 leading patterns: diffuse and compact types of microcalcification. There was a statistically significant association of a low level of EDCD with a diffuse type of calcification both in vivo (p=0.010) and ex vivo (p=0.008). Patients, having carotid artery EDCD less than 0.21 mg/mm3, reported a significantly higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.0001) and a history of stroke (p=0.021). When comparing the MSCT data on the calcium deposit density and their localization in the atherosclerotic plaque, we noted a statistically significant predominance of low EDCD with superficial calcification of the plaque (p=0.002). Conclusion. The use of a calculated indicator of the equivalent density of calcium deposits of the atherosclerotic substrate allows us to non-invasively obtain new data on the structure of plaques. The observed association of the superficial distribution of calcification with low calcification density according to the MSCT data may indicate potential plaque instability.

The effects of an upper limb exoskeleton on gait performance and stability

Upper limb exoskeletons (ULEs) are emerging as workplace tools to alleviate workload and prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders during lifting tasks. However, their introduction raises concerns about potential instability and increased fall risk for workers. This study investigates gait performance and stability parameters implications of ULE use. Fifteen participants performed a carrying task with different loads (0, 5, 10, 15 kg), both with and without the use of an ULE. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, Required Coefficient of Friction (RCoF), Minimum Foot Clearance (MFC), and Margin of Stability (MoS) were analysed. The findings indicate that while the ULE does not significantly alter most gait parameters or slip risk, it may negatively impact trip risk. Furthermore, while mediolateral stability remains unaffected, anteroposterior stability is compromised by ULE usage. These insights are critical for ensuring the safe implementation of ULEs in occupational settings.

Unlocking the Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Technological Properties and Consumer Perception of Shampoo Enriched with Patchouli Extract and Allantoin

Amidst a growing shift towards eco-friendly choices in personal care products, the challenge of formulating herbal shampoos with efficacy comparable to synthetic counterparts persists. This study investigates the potential of incorporating patchouli extract and allantoin as additives in anti-dandruff shampoo formulations, assessing their impact on the technological properties of the product. With limited research on their efficacy, our investigation contributes valuable insights to the development of effective and consumer-friendly shampoos targeting dandruff concerns. Physicochemical characteristics (pH, surface tension, texture) were evaluated, alongside specific quality assessments such as wetting time, dirt dispersion, foaming, and cleaning action, in in vivo consumer research. Shampoo formulations incorporating 0.5% Patchoul’Up™ and 1% allantoin exhibited acceptable properties. However, the addition of plant-derived ingredients resulted in a beneficial decrease in surface tension (5.87%). Nevertheless, a decrease in cohesiveness (18%) over a 5-month period resulted in rheological changes, indicating potential instability (p &lt; 0.05). While the consumer evaluation aligns with laboratory findings, continuous research is essential to ensure stability and validate the anti-dandruff potential of the formulation, both in vitro and in vivo. This involves expanding the number of volunteers, with a specific focus on individuals experiencing dandruff concerns, to assess the shampoo’s efficacy and impact on diverse user experiences.

Analysis of Snow Multibands and Their Environments with High-Resolution Idealized Simulations

Abstract Nested idealized baroclinic wave simulations at 4-km and 800-m grid spacing are used to analyze the precipitation structures and their evolution in the comma head of a developing extratropical cyclone. After the cyclone spins up by hour 120, snow multibands develop within a wedge-shaped region east of the near-surface low center within a region of 700–500-hPa potential and conditional instability. The cells deepen and elongate northeastward as they propagate north. There is also an increase in 600–500-hPa southwesterly vertical wind shear prior to band development. The system stops producing bands 12 h later as the differential moisture advection weakens, and the instability is depleted by the convection. Sensitivity experiments are run in which the initial stability and horizontal temperature gradient of the baroclinic wave are adjusted by 5%–10%. A 10% decrease in initial instability results in less than half the control run potential instability by 120 h and the cyclone fails to produce multibands. Meanwhile, a 5% decrease in instability delays the development of multibands by 18 h. Meanwhile, decreasing the initial horizontal temperature gradient by 10% delays the growth of vertical shear and instability, corresponding to multibands developing 12–18 h later. Conversely, increasing the horizontal temperature gradient by 10% corresponds to greater vertical shear, resulting in more prolific multiband activity developing ∼12 h earlier. Overall, the relatively large changes in band characteristics over a ∼12-h period (120–133 h) and band evolutions for the sensitivity experiments highlight the potential predictability challenges. Significance Statement Multiple-banded precipitation structures are difficult to predict and can greatly impact snowfall forecasts. This study investigates the precipitation bands in the comma head of a low pressure system in a numerical model to systematically isolate the roles of different ambient conditions. The results emphasize that environments with instability (e.g., air free to rise after small upward displacement) and increasing winds with height favor the development of banded structures. The forecast challenge for these bands is illustrated by starting the model with relatively small changes in the temperature field. Decreasing the instability by 10% suppresses band development, while increasing (decreasing) the horizontal temperature change across the system by 10% corresponds to the bands developing 12 h earlier (later).

Spatial Inhomogeneity of Synoptic‐Induced Precipitation in a Region of Steep Topographic Relief: A Case Study

AbstractThe topography plays an essential role in the initiation and development of precipitating clouds, therefore has a profound effect on the ultimate spatial distribution of precipitation. This study investigates the fine‐scale characteristics of a synoptic‐induced precipitation event in Southwest China, a region characterized by a sequence of steep mountains aligned roughly north‐south. The convection‐permitting simulation successfully reproduces the observed rainband induced by a synoptic‐scale shear line. The spatial distribution of accumulated precipitation over three small‐scale mountains (named M1, M2, and M3 from east to west) exhibits distinct inhomogeneity. The accumulated precipitation is significantly enhanced on the western slope of M1, the high‐altitude area of M2, and the eastern slope of M3. The low‐level vortex generated on the western slope of M1, as well as the convergence established over M2 and the eastern slope of M3, dynamically contributes to the enhanced precipitation over the various mountain locations. As the highest of the three mountains, M2 exhibits pronounced blocking effects on the mesoscale circulations. Additional sensitivity experiment demonstrates that the mesoscale circulations and corresponding precipitation are sensitive to the highest elevation in the continuous mountains. The rainfall accumulation over M2 (M3) could decrease (increase) by 54.3% (63.4%), when the terrain of M2 is reduced to the comparable height of surrounding mountains. With more upslope wind flowing over M2, the convergence over M3 is strengthened. The more intense upward motion and stronger potential instability both contribute to the notable increase of precipitation over M3. This study implies the possible mechanisms of the inhomogeneous precipitation over Southwest China and could deepen the current understanding of the topographic effects on precipitation over complex terrains.