Potential Of International Cooperation Research Articles

Global oil and gas development in 2022: Situation, trends and enlightenment

Through analysis of four aspects, including the distribution and production of global oil and gas fields, the distribution and changes of remaining recoverable reserves, the differences in oil and gas production between regions/countries, and the development potential of oil and gas fields with production capacity not built and to be built, this paper presents the situation and trends of global oil and gas development in 2022. It is found that, in 2022, oil and gas fields are widely distributed worldwide, and upstream production activities continue to recover; the oil and gas reserves decrease slightly year on year, and the oil and gas reserves in sea areas increase significantly; the oil and gas production increases continuously, and the key resource countries make a significant contribution in oil and gas production growth; the oil and gas fields with production capacity not built and to be built hold abundant reserves, and their development potential will be gradually released with the economic benefits increase. Further analysis is conducted from the perspectives of global oil and gas resources continuity, geopolitical risks, potential of international cooperation, and upgrade of unconventional oil and gas technology. Finally, in view of core business domains and strategies under the new situation, the Chinese oil companies are recommended to: (1) keep a foothold in onshore conventional oil and gas development by virtue of their comparative advantages and learning from other's experience in cooperation; (2) carry out pilot tests on development adjustment, and deepen the international cooperation in enhanced oil/gas recovery; (3) improve the oil and gas operation capabilities in sea areas to transform from follower as minority shareholder to joint venture and then to independent operations; and (4) seek appropriate ways for shale oil/gas development to reduce the dependence on foreign oil and gas.

METHODOLOGY OF PARTNER BENCHMARKING DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL JOINT EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS BASED ON AGILE METHODOLOGY

An analysis of the use of the benchmarking approach in the modern field of education was conducted, the need for the use and implementation of benchmarking in Ukrainian educational institutions was substantiated. The benchmarking benchmarks of the educational institution have been formed. The stages of assessing one's own potential for international cooperation in the form of an algorithm for conducting a benchmarking analysis of the organization of educational services are given. An algorithm for choosing a partner for international cooperation by an educational institution is proposed, which helps to select partners according to the given criteria, formed on the basis of information about insufficient resources, dynamic abilities and competences of both the educational institution and the potential partner. Based on the results of the research, the method of partner benchmarking in the development of international compatible educational projects was formulated in the form of a typology of business models, which is an assessment of the ability of the educational institution to integrate into the international educational space.

Potential of international cooperation in reducing social inequality in Ukraine (Ukrainian-Chinese case)

The article reveals the directions of implementation of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation. It is substantiated that the implementation of partnerships has the potential to take into account the interests of each party. The importance and prospects of realization of interaction for the decision of problems of social inequality in Ukraine are outlined. It is noted that social inequality is manifested in the quantitative measurement of property stratification and qualitative studies of the standard of living of the population. The state of formation of social standards is analyzed. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian practice of forming social guarantees and indicators that allow to investigate changes in the property status of the population demonstrates significant imbalances at the stages of legislative definition and subsequent use for measuring the property status. It is noted that one of the complex indicators used to conduct studies of social stratification in the context of its qualitative characteristics is the indicator of the quality of life of the country’s population. Statistical data on the state of property stratification of the population of Ukraine and diversification of incomes are given. Problematic aspects of income generation and dependence on state support are highlighted. The mathematical dependence of the increase in State budget expenditures on social protection and social security and changes in the purchasing power of Ukrainian citizens has been established. It is noted that the component of the “quality of life” indicator – the purchasing power of the population – makes it possible to assess in a generalized form the state of the population’s ability to meet needs at the existing level of wages and the formed prices for products. It was stressed that the implementation of cooperation between countries in the context of job creation and, consequently, improving the welfare of the population is possible, both in the context of bilateral economic and scientific cooperation and taking into account Ukraine’s potential for cross-border projects. The directions of perspective points of intersection of interests of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation within the territory of Ukraine are determined. It is noted that in the context of decentralization and greater autonomy and independence of local communities, intensification of international cooperation directly with local authorities, in the context of increasing the powers of the latter, will allow Chinese partners to gain a transparent understanding of the nature of interaction and close proximity determination of territorial preferences, industries, contractors.

Present state of normative current support of the National Bibliography in Bulgaria

The Bulgarian National Bibliography has been based on a tradition related to the normative support of its creation, development and potential for international cooperation. The Bulgarian National Bibliography has been created by law, which is strictly observed by St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. The rules and standards of bibliographic records and authority control, reviewed in the report, have been applied to the Bulgarian National Bibliography bulletins according to the IFLA international requirements. They give a good opportunity to the Bulgarian National Bibliography to participate in the international exchange of bibliographic and authority data.

International cooperation in training specialists in working with youth

Working with young people is one of the priority areas of development of any country, which re- quires innovative solutions and approaches. The process of training specialists for working with young people is diverse in different countries: their functionality is different, the regulatory framework is dif- ferent, and the training practice also has a different context. The peculiarities of the modern youth au- dience, new values, the pace of life, the specifics of communication, professional guidelines of young people – all should be reflected in the preparation of such programs. Specialists. The competencies formed as a result of training most accurately show the goals of training, professional areas of work. Also, specialists working with young people should be active in the international space, understand trends, problems, and be able to build cooperation in the process of solving them. The authors see the potential of international cooperation in the process of training and organizing the activities of specialists: the number of international educational resources, projects and programs for training specialists is increasing, international forums and conferences on youth topics are held en masse; however, there is no single information resource that contains information about the potential of differ- ent countries in the direction of developing the professionalism of specialists in working with youth. An attempt is made to analyze the system of such training on the example of the master’s program of UrFU. Key words: youth, youth policy, specialists in working with young people, training.

“An interdisciplinary perspective on ecosystem services and human well-being”: results and potentials of German-Russian cooperation within the project

Programs of international cooperation between universities and scientific centres aim to promote not only the achievements in science and education but also contribute to intercultural understanding, as well as to development of efficient human resources, research and innovation. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of international cooperation in research and higher education between Russia and Germany by examining selected German-Russian projects and their outcomes. In particular, it highlights the experience of summer schools on “An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being”, an annual event started in 2014. It is organized under the umbrella of the German Academic Exchange Service (Program of Eastern Partnership), the International Office and Geography Department of Humboldt University of Berlin and the Faculty of Geography at Lomonosov Moscow State University in strong cooperation with other universities, research centres and NGOs from both countries. The summer school addresses relevant contemporary environmental issues of urbanization with special emphasis on ecosystem services, green infrastructure and nature-based solutions and their importance for well-being of the urban population. In this paper we present our experience from this project by providing the theoretical-methodological aspects of such joint educational and training programs and report outcomes, which emerged from them, thereby highlighting the difficulties and advantages and suggest lines of further development and cooperation. It also highlights how geographical perspective can provide new important and critical insights into the place-based approaches to ecosystem assessment and how it relates to the current trends in human-environmental research.

Organizational and economic levers to activate the cooperation of the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine in the sphere of tourism, resorts and hotel management

Organizational and economic levers to activate the cooperation of the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine in the sphere of tourism, resorts and hotel management

The international clusters in the innovative development of an energy efficient economy

The purpose of this article is to analyze the current level of innovation activity in the Russian Federation, to determine the role of international clusters in the innovative development of the energy efficient country’s economy, while focusing on the formation of the innovative potential of international cooperation of cluster members. The urgency of the creation of cluster associations - international consortia. Examples of the joint implementation of innovative projects in the field of energy-efficient management and the application of new technologies in the field of sustainable energy for megacities are given.

The Potential of International Cooperation in the Digitization of Chinese Ancient Books

AbstractThis paper probes the particularities of Chinese ancient books (the global dissemination, the complexity of versions, the embrittlement of the paper, and the special methods of binding) and the problems in the existing digitization projects (non-uniformity of retrieval languages and non-uniformity of description standards). The paper reveals the necessity for the digitization of Chinese ancient books and the importance of large-scale international cooperation. The authors finally make recommendations for database models and for the focus of international cooperation.

Geographical features of the foreign electricity trade in the post-Soviet space

In recent years, many studies on the foreign electricity trade in the post-Soviet space have been published, but they have not considered the regional specific nature of this phenomenon. The aim of this work is to identify the regional features of development and degradation of foreign trade in the post-Soviet space over the period 1990–2015. The work is carried out using comparative-geographical, historical and evolutionary, and cartographic methods. The directions of construction and dismantling of the cross-border PTLs, cross-border power transmission, and the loading level of cross-border PTLs are determined. Analysis of these parameters has shown that the general trend for the post-Soviet space has become degradation of the foreign electricity trade and the service infrastructure despite the high potential for international cooperation in this industry. The exceptions are the Baltic states, which have established integral power systems due to unification of the electricity market parameters. The imbalances associated with the closure of the Ignalina nuclear power plant and active development of wind power plants, as well as the requirements of all-European policy, have facilitated construction of cross-border PTLs in the Baltic states. Assessment of prospects has shown that, provided the solution of some foreign policy issues, it is possible to create power pool systems based on the use of electricity produced by hydroelectric power plants in eastern Central Asia and western Transcaucasia. Intensification of electricity exports to Asian countries (China, Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey) is typical of many countries. The main precondition for the development of foreign trade is an imbalance between growing power consumption in some regions and the availability of cheap energy in others. Less important are fluctuations in the currency rate, foreign policy phenomena, and the policy for developing national power systems.

Comparative assessment of the potential of regions in the Russian Far East

This work provides a comparative assessment of the potential of the regions of the Russian Far East. Their general potential includes five identified basic components, namely, social-demographic, economic, natural resources, transportation infrastructure, and international cooperation components. The regions were ranked using a ranking method based on their indices for 2005–2011, then divided in three types according to the development of their potential. As a result, the highest rank was assigned to the Primorski and Khabarovsk krais and the lowest rank was assigned to the Jewish Autonomous oblast. This article focuses on the development of international cooperation as one of the main trends in the externally oriented Russian Far East of today. Depending on their geographical proximity to China as the most obvious country for partnership, the regions of the Far East are divided into three types. The geographical proximity factor is used the value of which decreases as a subject’s distance from the border with China increases. Finally, the typology of regions is elaborated, which takes into account the factor of geographical proximity and reflects the level of potential of international cooperation.

International Cooperation in Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Effective response to a major marine oil spill occasionally calls for specialized equipment, personnel, and expertise that is beyond the capability of the country or company concerned. In recognition of this fact, a new International Convention on International Cooperation in Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response has been developed under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization. There is already considerable potential for international cooperation through existing regional conventions and agreements, and other less formal arrangements. This cooperation involves governmental agencies, the oil and shipping industries, commercial companies, insurers, intergovernmental organizations, and international industry organizations. This will be illustrated by reference to two recent major oil spills in Europe where this international cooperation proved very successful. The first involved the cleanup of some 15,000 metric tons of heavy crude oil that impacted the holiday island of Porto Santo in the Madeiran archipelago. Cooperation among the Portuguese government, The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, the tanker's oil pollution insurer, the Commission of the European Communities, and the governments of France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom resulted in the rapid provision of specialized equipment and associated personnel to deal with the major shoreline contamination. The second incident, involving a spill of waste oil from a tanker in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Sweden, resulted in the rapid mobilization of cleanup resources from Sweden, Finland, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the U.S.S.R. under the terms of the Helsinki Convention. During favorable weather conditions, the combined forces of the five countries were successful in recovering a high percentage of the oil at sea, with the result that the contamination of shorelines was minimal.

Conservation in West Malaysia: The potential for International Cooperation

One of the most important, and yet difficult, conservation problems in the world is the conservation of lowland tropical rain-forest, that of south-east Asia probably being the most complex terrestrial ecosystem which has ever existed. In West Malaysia such forest is rapidly being cleared, due to a high rate of national development largely consequent upon tremendous population growth. Reasons why the rain-forest is threatened, and why some should be conserved, are given. The current conservation situation is outlined, and future prospects are discussed. Finally, the writer, whilst acknowledging that it is obviously right for the exploitation and conservation of Malaysia's resources to be fully controlled by the Malaysian people, lists those areas in which he believes the international community can assist in this great conservation task.