Organizational and economic levers to activate the cooperation of the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine in the sphere of tourism, resorts and hotel management

Scientific work presents the results of the research status and problems in international cooperation People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the tourism spheres, resorts and hotel industry, and provides suggestions and recommendations aimed at strengthening this cooperation with regard to the current state of relations between the two countries. Analyses are the normative-legal framework regulating the international cooperation in the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hospitality industry. The tendencies of the entry of PRC citizens in Ukraine have been analysed. Key issues have been identified and they can have a negative impact on the intensification of the tourist flow from China to Ukraine and from Ukraine to China. Visa restrictions have been identified, as well as on possible ways of mutual simplification in visa procedures (formalities). The revealed tendency of increase in the number of tourism products on the tourist services markets of both countries, which provide the mutual visits possibility. The most popular tourist destinations in Ukraine for citizens of China and of China to citizens of Ukraine. The possibilities of increasing tourist flows have been identified by increasing the potential for cooperation in thematic segments (types of tourism), including in the field of educational tourism. Opportunities for enhancing cooperation on attraction of opportunities of the Chinese organizations in the creation and development in Ukraine of a modern tourist resort and hotel infrastructure have been identified. Evidence-based suggestions and recommendations have been made to optimize international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hospitality industry. Perspectives of scientific research in this direction.

The article is devoted to studying the experience of the People’s Republic ofChinain creating and maintaining the functioning of modern tourism infrastructure, as well as analyzing the possibilities to adapt and implement this experience in Ukrainian practice. According to the hypothesis of the authors, international cooperation between the PRC andUkrainein the field of developing tourism infrastructure has the potential to intensify. It is proved that such cooperation should take place taking into account the current challenges of global development. It is determined that the possibilities of international cooperation between the People’s Republic ofChinaandUkrainein the field of tourism and development of tourism infrastructure are not enough. In particular, Ukraine, through the bodies of state executive power, almost does not use the potential of cooperation in using the experience of the People’s Republic of China in creating and maintaining the functioning of modern tourist infrastructure. A notable problem of the intensification of international cooperation between the People’s Republic ofChinaandUkrainein the field of tourism, resorts and hospitality is the lack of a mutually beneficial mechanism for attracting and supporting Chinese investments to implement existing and upgrading existing tourist infrastructure projects in accordance with recognized world standards. In the Chinese market, the opportunities of Ukrainian regions and their tourist potential are not well-publicized. It is advisable to introduce tools of simplified access of interested enterprises to international exhibitions. The perspective direction of further exploration in this problem is the substantiation and development of perspective models of cooperation in the field of tourism infrastructure development of interested Chinese and Ukrainian business entities, including investors. The research carried out made it possible to formulate a number of scientifically substantiated proposals and recommendations aimed at intensifying the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine, using the experience of the People’s Republic of China, as well as with the attraction of opportunities of Chinese investors.

As a result of the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022, the tourism sphere suffered a colossal blow, while a significant part of tourism enterprises was able to adapt or relocate their business in the existing conditions. The current situation prompts the tourist business to reorient itself to a business format adapted to existing conditions, while focusing not only on the needs of the client and employee, current trends in the field of hospitality, but also taking into account all the threats and risks that can rapidly escalate due to the war in Ukraine. The work considers the ways of building a model of strategic management of the restaurant business, aimed at determining the relationships between enterprises and stakeholders. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of building a stakeholder-oriented model, which will ensure the strategic development of enterprises taking into account the specifics of the tourism business in modern realities. The article defines the theoretical foundations of strategic management of the enterprise. The concept of “stakeholder” is defined and its potential role in the management of the restaurant business is substantiated, taking into account the strategic vector of its development. The study analyzes the current state of development of restaurant business in Ukraine. A study of the construction of a stakeholder strategy of restaurant business management was conducted. An analysis of risks in the stakeholder-oriented management strategy was also carried out, on the basis of which the directions for the implementation of the stakeholder model of tourism business management were outlined. This model is aimed at ensuring the overcoming of risks caused by the activities of stakeholders and prevention of their occurrence, as well as the possibility of using them to improve the indicators of their own activity by enterprises of the hotel and restaurant industry and the tourism industry. The basis of the formation of the risk register is the use of expert assessment methods, because specialists in the field of tourism and hotel industry can give a professional competent assessment of the activities of stakeholders, and the use of statistical methods will make it possible to minimize subjective assessment factors and statistical error when conducting research.

International tourism is an instrument of diplomatic, socio-cultural and economic cooperation of states that have realized the importance of international relation trend in the modern world. This is stipulated by the elevation of the role of tourism for the world economy and interstate diplomacy, for social and economic living conditions of the population, the formation of a state’s identity in the international arena, for improving a country’s reputation, and participation in foreign policy as a whole. The most dynamically developing region of the world economy is Northeast Asia, which has become a region with the greatest potential for development of the world tourism industry. Russia and China are superpowers in Northeast Asia and are rich in tourism resources and markets that will play an important role in the future global tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive coverage of important events in the field of cooperation in tourism between China and Russia, to form a holistic picture of cooperation between the two countries in the tourism industry. The main method of research is analysis — aspects of the current international situation in the field of tourism are considered, and a detailed review of the situation of Russia and China as tourist destinations is conducted. The work was carried out on the basis of studying and using fundamental national and international research in the following scientific areas: mechanism of international cooperation between the two countries in international tourism, prescribed in treaties and agreements; Russian territories attractive to Chinese tourists; development of joint tourist routes. The results of the study showed that with regular contact between people from the two countries it is possible to create favorable conditions for cooperation and to achieve truly mutually beneficial results. Collaboration and cooperation of the states, national organizations on tourism development, makes it possible to increase the incomes of the states, attracting foreign capitals, and partially reorient the economy and legislation to attract foreign tourists. Successful diplomatic negotiations, and maintenance of a stable peaceful existence of the world community, promotes the expansion of the tourism sphere that positively influences the economy and development of culture in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.

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The aim of the article is to reveal the changes and problems that have arisen in the field of tourism and hospitality in the world and in Ukraine as a result of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and ways to solve these problems. Research methodology. That's author's analysis of materials of the current World and Ukrainian press, which reflected the actual state of the problem and new phenomena in the field of tourism and hospitality of the world and Ukraine. The article is based on the results of research and reflections of the authors on the impact of the pandemic on tourism and hospitality fields, taking into account world and Ukrainian experience [1], as well as on the author's analysis of current Ukrainian press publications on current changes in 2020-2021 in in the field of tourism and hospitality in the world and in Ukraine during the implementation of measures to combat the destructive effects of the pandemic on travel industry [2-10]. Results of the research. Problems, changes, new phenomena in the field of tourism and hospitality of the world and Ukraine during the pandemic and quarantine restrictions in travel in the field of domestic and international tourism were identified. The Covid-19 pandemic, which suddenly "fell" on world tourism in 2020-2021, not only slowed down its development, including in Ukraine, but also caused significant changes in the entire field of tourism and hospitality. The essence of these changes is revealed, which included not only "minuses", but also certain "pluses". Practical significance. Is to identify problems of tourism and hospitality during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 in Ukraine and the world and ways out of the crisis of the travel industry, taking into account the experience of other countries and features of solving the above problems in tourism, hotel and restaurant industry in Ukraine. Thus, the introduction and disclosure of the essence of new phenomena in world tourism and hospitality (travel shaming, workcation, work from hotel, staycation, digital nomads, travel bubbles) led to their use in the practice of tourism in Ukraine, for example, in hotels of Lviv.

The article examines the dynamics of changes in the number and composition of business entities engaged in temporary accommodation and catering. Also, enterprises engaged in temporary accommodation and catering are grouped by size and their sales volumes (goods, services) are analyzed. The article reviews modern approaches to interpreting the concept of "hotel and restaurant business" as a type of economic activity and economic sector; the concept of the hotel and restaurant business as a sectoral economic system. Defined dominant features of the hotel and restaurant business and features of state regulation of its development. In accordance with the superior tools and means of government, the main mechanisms of state regulation of the industry in question are defined. The article examined the features of the hotel and restaurant industry in Ukraine as a type of economic research. The article explored the concepts of "organizational structure of the hotel", "hotel management", "economic efficiency" and "criterion of economic efficiency." The main approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of the hotel and restaurant business have been characterized. The proposed directions for improving the assessment of quality of service in hotels in Ukraine. The main ways of improving the strategy and tactics of price management in hospitality and restaurant business enterprises are proposed. The article explored the formation of a modern domestic tourism market, increased specialization and cooperation in tourism enterprises, providing conditions for the development of various types of domestic and inbound tourism, Ukraine’s integration in the system of the world tourist market, the development of international cooperation in the field of tourism, as well as solving a whole range of tasks in the field of personnel in the hotel and restaurant industry. The problems of the hotel market are considered. Considered the place of hotel and restaurant services in the tourism industry and the hotel industry, as an important component of the tourism industry

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to investigate attentively works about Agency Theory and financial and accounting management in the Tourism, Hospitality, and Hotel Industry. Design/methodology: This research adopts a literature search utilizing Bibliometric analysis to identify publications on Agency Theory within the tourism and hospitality industries and analyses research journals as the foundation for additional research on the subject at hand. Findings: Data regarding name, date of the journals, certain industry and scope of area that discussed in these journals, focus of the research and data analysis. This study identified previously unexplored topics and suggested further study based on the analysis procedure. Research limitations/Implications: Since data are very limited therefore VOSviewer application cannot be used. This research limited only with manual analysis using Microsoft Excel. Novelty/Originality of the study: Agency theory has also has been researched from various point of view. Note only finance and accounting, but also Law, Sociology, Entrepreneurship, Marketing and from the Islamic Shariah point of view. However, there are no studies found analyse Agency Theory on financial and accounting management in fields of Tourism, Hospitality, and Hotel Industry. This research is trying to fill in the gap.

The article is devoted to the issues of priorities of cooperation between Russia and Serbia in the field of tourism. The theoretical and methodological basis of research in the field of tourism, including in relation to the objects of research, is analyzed. Basic works on the problems of rural tourism and its territorial differentiation have been studied. The experience of Serbia in the development of rural tourism and the possibility of transferring it to the territory of the Rostov region have been studied. The key objects for the development of rural tourism in Serbia are characterized and their specificity is determined. The tourist resources of the Rostov region for the development of rural tourism have been studied. Using the comparative analysis methodology, a comparison of the resources and tourism development of the two territories was carried out. Promising event activities on the territory of the Rostov region have been identified, on the basis of which it is possible to create basic areas for the development of rural tourism. The typification of these activities and their spatial localization were carried out. The areas of cooperation between states in the area under study have been identified. The long-term program of events in the scientific and educational spheres, in the cultural plane, and in the legislative field has been detailed. A system of relationships between states in the field of rural tourism is also outlined, including through the development of tourism infrastructure and the construction of ethnocultural complexes..

Purpose. The article attempts to present interdisciplinary assessment of collaborative consumption in Poland’s tourism industry. Method. From the empirical side, the used results were from an earlier empirical study, pioneering within the Polish market, conducted in 2015 by one of the authors. In addition, for the purposes of this article, an original study was conducted, the aim of which was to examine the impact of changing consumer preferences in the segment of business travel, for the hotel industry in Poland. Findings. The study shows that the hotel industry in Poland has not yet experienced felt any significant impact of the new competition, although it notes the potential for the appearance of this impact in the future. Research and conclusion limitations. In the theoretical and practical sphere,it results from the extremely complex nature of the studied phenomenon, and the initial phase of development on the Polish market, which results in poor recognition of this phenomenon in the area of tourism (especially on the Polish market). Practical implications. New opportunities for multi-disciplinary empirical research. The authors draw attention to the need for in-depth analysis of the phenomenon in three main areas of research: the relationship between the change in consumer behavior and the development of various forms of collaborative consumption, the impact of new business models using the idea of joint consuption on the tourist market and the determinants of competitiveness and the impact on the social, economic, institutional and legal Environments. Originality. In the literature lacks a comprehensive development presenting the state of collaborative consumption in the area of tourism on the Polish market. Type of paper. The article is mostly theoretical.

ASEAN is one of the most important partner in investment and trade with Korea. Especially, ASEAN is a new emerging market in tourism. Korea-ASEAN tourism exchange will be expanded and relationship will be strengthened. To expand effectiveness of international tourism cooperation between Korea and ASEAN countries, tourism education and training program should be emphasized and operated to improve capacity of human resource in ASEAN countries. The purpose this study was to determine ways for sustainable improvement of Korea-ASEAN tourism cooperation, especially focusing on the training and education programs. Detailed objectives were; 1) to understand international cooperation in tourism field; 2) to identify overall status, conditions, issues, and features relating to the tourism cooperation between Korea and ASEAN; 3) to determine demands of ASEAN countries on tourism training and education programs through inquiries; 4) to identify the status and issues of tourism cooperation which were made through various channels and best practice relating to the tourism training and education programs through in-depth interviews to the specialists in the fields of tourism, international relations, cooperations, and ASEAN. It was found that tourism related training and education cooperation programs which have been conducting were mostly sufficient to achieve their goals to alleviate recipient countries’ poverty. However, the scales of those programs were small and the frequencies were significantly lower. In the operating aspects, it was verified that those programs were not comply with the new direction of international cooperation which should reflect government’s international cooperation policies, respond to the participating countries’ demands and their needs, and administer program achievements or fruits. A survey with a total of 38 employees in tourism related businesses in six countries of ASEAN countries was conducted. They prefer field oriented and practice based training and education programs which can be applied in their home countries, and can strengthen their personal empowerment. They also emphasized that accommodation facilities and careful concerning on cultural differences are very important factors in training and education conditions. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 8 experts in the fields of international cooperation, tourism training and education, international relations, and ASEAN. They mentioned that it is very required to sustainable improve of tourism training and education programs. Those are establishing identification through program branding, managing instructors’ pool, developing and operating the programs based upon consumers’ needs, operating post-programs, maintaining expertise, and so on. This study is a kind of pilot study to deal with tourism training and education cooperation programs for ASEAN countries which expect to further expansion expecially in tourism fields. The results of this study could provide basic data and information for further researches on structuring international tourism cooperation and tourism training and education cooperation programs for ASEAN countries and other developing countries, and could contribute to develop and expand researches on international tourism cooperation models.

In the conditions of a high degree of commercialization and a competitive environment, issues of development of the tourism and hotel and restaurant industries should be developed taking into account a comprehensive approach to the systematization of all elements of development, also taking into account external challenges. Accordingly, in order to ensure the effective operation of tourism and hotel and restaurant enterprises, it is advisable to address the issue of implementing marketing measures. The purpose of the article is to determine new tasks and priorities of the marketing system in tourism and the hotel and restaurant industry, taking into account modern challenges and development prospects. The article defines the tasks of marketing technologies in the processes of ensuring operational activity, strategic development of tourism and hotel-restaurant enterprises, in particular, it is noted that it is marketing mechanisms through analysis that can ensure the determination of strategic vectors for the development of the tourism and hotel-restaurant industry, as well as individual enterprises of the industry. The article analyzed the challenges of the external and internal environment to the development of tourism and the hotel and restaurant industry, in particular, the consequences of quarantine restrictions and the full-scale military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation were analyzed. A significant reduction in sales volumes in the field of tourism and hotel and restaurant industry, a decrease in the level of financial and economic support and financial stability of enterprises was determined. The article analyzed the trends in the development of tourism and the hotel and restaurant industry, which consist in the reduction of the main financial and economic indicators due to external influences and the formation of deferred demand. As a result, the role of marketing in the development of tourism and the hotel and restaurant industry was substantiated. As a result of the conducted research, the cyclical process of implementing a system of marketing mechanisms aimed at identifying new requests and forming transformational processes for the development of enterprises in the field of tourism and the hotel and restaurant industry is presented. An algorithm for the use of marketing mechanisms in business has been developed in order to ensure investment attractiveness, financial stability and orientation to the modern needs of the client in the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant business. Keywords: marketing, tourism, hotel and restaurant business.

The development of information technologies requires great attention of managers to the formation of information support and the promotion of goods and services to the market. The industry of tourism and hotel industry is developing in conditions of significant competition. Therefore, taking into account the relevance of the issue, the article considers innovative mechanisms for building effective management systems in tourism and the hotel and restaurant industry through the use of digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to develop ways of implementing innovative mechanisms for ensuring effective communications in the system of development of enterprises in the field of tourism and hotel and restaurant industry. a retrospective analysis of communication systems was carried out. The article is devoted to the definition of innovative technologies for the development of the communications system in different historical periods. The article defines modern trends in the innovative application of communication technologies and the latest communication systems. As a result of the study, the role of innovations in the formation of effective communications is substantiated, taking into account the specifics of the tourism and hotel and restaurant industry. The problems of remote communication under certain limitations have not yet been sufficiently studied. In particular, it is difficult to say about the consequences of such influences on the mental and psychological state of a person, because people are social beings and communication is a basic human need. Analyzing the processes of development of communication systems, it is possible to determine the cause-and-effect relationships of transformation, the influence of social processes on communications and communications on social processes. In the conditions of a competitive environment in the service sector, communication processes ensure high competitiveness of enterprises, provided they are effectively implemented. Therefore, it is appropriate to turn to the issue of finding innovative communication technologies in the system of development of tourism and hotel and restaurant enterprises. Keywords: digital technologies, innovative technologies, tourism, hotel and restaurant business.

The article is devoted to the issues of development of marketing activities and branding in the field of tourism and hotel industry, which is very relevant in conditions of increased competition, which is formed on the market of tourist services and hospitality services. The specifics of the concept of marketing and branding are analyzed, taking into account the specifics of the branch, the differences between the concepts of marketing and branding are determined

The article is aimed at studying the concept of «innovative social technologies» and determining the vectors of their application in the field of tourism and hospitality. During the study, interpretive methods were used, in particular hermeneutics (during the study of approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of «social technologies», «innovative social technologies»), as well as methods of abstract logical analysis, analysis and synthesis in order to comprehensively present the research materials. The article systematizes the existing approaches to the interpretation of such constituent concepts as «social technologies» and «innovative technologies» in the studies of domestic scientists. The characterization of the concept of «innovative social technologies» is surveyed and the authors’ own definition of this concept is proposed. Specific features of innovative social technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality industry are identified. The types of application of social innovative technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality are presented. All types of innovative social technologies are generalized into three large groups (on the promotion of services, improvement of conditions for independent (individual) travel, and the introduction of new social initiatives in the development of tourism and hotel and restaurant business). Practical examples of social innovative technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality industry are presented. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of tourism enterprises, as well as hospitality industry enterprises (in the process of planning marketing activities, in particular when choosing social technologies as a tool for promoting relevant services), as well as by regional tourism management bodies in the process of drawing up targeted programs for regional development. Generalization of the types of application of innovative social technologies in the field of tourism and hospitality allows future researchers to determine the place of individual technologies in ensuring the sustainable development of individual tourism and hotel enterprises, as well as the industry under study as a whole.