Export Potential Research Articles

Culture of Fresh Water Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Its Cost Benefit Analysis Using Low Cost Feed

Fresh water prawn culture has great potential for rural aquaculture, generating considerable employment and income for rural and poor people. Fresh water prawn farming is environmentally sustainable as it is usually practiced in low stocking density. Fresh water prawn culture has attracted more attention in the recent years due to its export potential and increasing demand as good protein. The seeds of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were collected from Thanjavur breeders and immunized seedling were introduced into the culture ponds. The stocking density 1200 numbers/pond. The size of fingerlings from 4 to 8 cm. The feed were given to the prawn which was consisted of fish meal 20%, soya meal 9%, rice brown 45%, coconut oil cake 20%, tapioca starch 5% and mineral premix 1%. Total body weight of 10% feed every day. The water quality of the culture pond during the period of culture within the range of water quality parameters. In culture pond with an average stocking size of 3-5 g (average 4 g), the growth at the end of six months ranged between 30.5 g and 56.5 g, the average weight being 48.5 g. The total weight of the prawns at the time of harvest was 50.325 kg. The prawns were sold in two lots. The ones with the bigger size 38.5 kg were sold at Rs.650/kg, while the while the smaller prawns weighing 11.8 kg were sold at Rs. 500/kg. The bigger prawns yielded Rs. 25025, while the smaller ones yielded Rs.5900. Thus, the total income from prawn culture yielded Rs.30925. The total expenditure incurred for this culture amounted to Rs.12800. Thus the total profit from this culture worked out to Rs.18125. When this profit is calculated on a monthly basis, it works out to Rs.3020.8 This study proves that culturing M. rosenbergii is profitable even in small ponds which can economically benefit the lives of the local people.

Перспективное освоение угольных запасов Арктики на основе пространственной организации коммуникаций

In the current conditions of economic instability, the problem of developing the regional space of the Arctic zone, where huge reserves of hydrocarbons and other minerals are concentrated, which are the main driver of the future development of the Arctic economy, is becoming increasingly important. The development of the Arctic region was strongly influenced by the international environment, which, on the one hand, poses a threat to the Arctic mineral projects, and on the other hand, opens up new opportunities for their successful implementation. Against this background, the task of the Arctic coal industry within the framework of spatial and regional development is the territorial and production optimization of production and transportation of coal products. The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the development of the coal mining market in the new geo-economic and political conditions, which results in the proposed approaches to the spatial organization of the transport communications system, allowing maximizing the economic and export potential of the prospective development of Arctic coal reserves. It has been established that the current situation greatly affects the energy market. Russian coal market is being transformed under the influence of geo-economic transformations, the formation of new coal mining centers is shifting eastwards closer to the Asia-Pacific region, which will become the main center of coal trade in the near future. The study concludes that the efficiency of the development of Arctic coal reserves directly depends on the spatial organization of a complex system of integrated production and transport corridors (IPTC) that combine the production and logistics chain of mining and transportation of coal products into a single holistically integrated space of sea, coastal and land communications. On the basis of the analysis of the Taimyr coal basin, a priority level for the prospective development of mineral resources has been determined, based on a combination of factors that condition the economic and export potential of coal deposits.

Transformation of the International Cooperation Mechanisms in the Higher Education System of the Russian Federation Against the Backdrop of Geopolitical Instability

The study of mechanisms for implementing international cooperation in the Russian higher education system in the situation of global digitalization and of the impact of international sanctions in the scientific and educational space is an urgent task in the context of developing a strategy for exporting educational services. The article deals with the issue of transformation of the international cooperation’s goals in higher education, analyzes the consequences of the negative impact of external environment factors and the prospects of further internationalization of universities. The authors propose methodological recommendations for multilevel institutional actors, the implementation of which will contribute to identifying competitive advantages and to increasing the export potential of regional universities as well as to using their experience in international activities, interaction with governmental, scientific, educational and industrial structures.

Analysis of Potential Export Market Strategy in Craft Business from Typical Karo Woven Cloth in North Sumatra

Export market research is an important component in carrying out export activities. In this research, an analysis of export market opportunities was carried out to find potential markets for craft business actors from typical Karo woven cloth in North Sumatra so that they could maximize marketing efforts globally. This research aims to determine the export market potential for Karo handicraft products and find the right strategy in marketing typical Karo handicraft products. The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach, then data collection is carried out through interviews, observation and surveys. The results of data testing show that the potential export markets for Karo craft products are Singapore and then Malaysia, so it is necessary to maximize market opportunities in these countries with appropriate export marketing strategies. Karo craft entrepreneurs need to maximize marketing to export destination countries with strategies that can be implemented starting from online marketing, participating in international exhibitions and events as well as carrying out strategic collaborations.

China's Cooperation with Countries of Central Asia: Present and Prospects

The article examines China’s geopolitical, economic, and security interests in Central Asia against the background of global geopolitical confrontation in the region. It has been established that China’s foreign policy towards the countries of Central Asia is aimed at: observing the principles of good-neighborly friendship and peaceful cooperation; implementation of mutually beneficial cooperation to promote general prosperity; respect for the choices of people of all countries and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries; respect for independence and sovereignty and promotion of regional stability. Special attention is paid to the issue of security and maintenance of stability in the region, which is ensured mainly through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The issue of cooperation in the energy sector was also considered. China’s state-owned companies in the region have focused their interest on the energy industry, and especially on Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan – countries that contain significant hydrocarbon potential and high export and transit opportunities. By attracting investments to the region, China strengthens its influence, thereby weakening the dependence of the countries of the region on Russia and balancing Russia's political activity in the region. According to the results of the first summit «China - Central Asia», held on May 18-19, 2023 in the city of Xiʼan, the leaders of the countries of the region approved the policy of «one China», supporting its policy towards Taiwan, and also agreed on the activation of bilateral relations, the development of transport energy and transport and logistics communications, increasing the export of food products to China.

Current Status and Features of the Development of Technoparks in Ukraine

Introduction. The R&D potential of innovation infrastructure entities is a key factor in the implementation of innovation-driven development of the national economy, with technology park being precisely the innovation structure that unites it, ensuring the functioning of the model.Problem Statement. Many aspects of regulatory, financial, and information framework of technoparks have been not settled so far. Methodological approaches to assessing the park efficiency have been underdeveloped. In this context, there is the necessity in the theoretical justification and the formation of a holistic view of the status and features of their activity in the conditions of the protracted aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze the problems of domestic technology parks, to identify their capabilities, and to determine the trends in their development under the present-day conditions.Material and Methods. The methods of dialectical and complex research have been employed: the empirical evaluation to identify the available methods of evaluating the activity of technoparks; the theoretical and cognitive analysis to determine the essence and to justify the features of technology parks; the general methods to identifymethodological problems of integrating technology parks into the financial system and describing approaches to the concept of an innovation form of business.Results. The development of technology parks in Ukraine, their government support, systematized criteria for evaluating their efficiency have been analyzed. It has been determined that the priority in the creation of technology parks should be given to industries with high export potential. It has been proven that technology parks minimize the duration of the "research-development-implementation" cycle, the main tasks for their improvement in Ukraine have been outlined.Conclusions. Technoparks are the most successful form of integration of science and production, which ensures rapid development, implementation, and use of innovations. Improving the legal framework for their operation in order to create the same operating conditions for all, not only for "selected" technology parks, increases competition between them, while modernizing the tax policy contributes to the growth of in-house sources of financing and their direction to the development of promising innovation projects.

Analyisis of Marketing for Export Products of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes

This research contains an analysis of the marketing mix strategy towards the export of coconut shell charcoal briquette products. This research, which uses a qualitative study method, aims to provide information to briquette charcoal business actors on the export potential of briquette charcoal with a marketing mix strategy approach and SWOT analysis results. The results of this study provide the convenience obtained in marketing briquetted charcoal products effectively and efficiently

Refinement of Drug Regulation and Russian Pharmaceutical Export

Strategy on development of the pharmaceutical industry for the period up to 2030 (Pharma-2030 Strategy), adopted in the Russian Federation this year, includes tasks to further saturate the national market with domestic medicines and to “realize the export potential of the pharmaceutical industry”. National drug regulation has a significant stimulating effect on the export of medicines. To identify the most important elements of this regulation related to the development and maintenance of sustainable pharmaceutical export, different aspects of national drug regulatory systems were studied. Countries belonging to different segments of the global pharmaceutical export market were included in the research. The results of the analysis of drug regulation in top export countries were published earlier. This article presents the results for pharmerging countries with a fastgrowing pharmaceutical sector and formulated common strategies for these countries that are aimed at achieving leadership positions of the national pharmaceutical industry in both the domestic and foreign markets. Several measures have been proposed for inclusion in the implementation plan for the Pharma-2030 Strategy, which, in our opinion, will contribute to achieving the goals set both to stimulate exports and to saturate the Russian market with domestic medicines.

Fruit and vegetable consumer preferences of Japanese and Vietnam’s export potential

This study analyses consumer preferences of the Japanese for vegetables and fruits using secondary data. Additionally, to analyse Vietnam’s potential export of fruits and vegetables, this study interviewed 53 Japanese consumers. The Japanese have long embraced a healthy lifestyle. Eighty percent of the Japanese participants in the survey consume fruit and vegetable products daily or 2-3 times a week. They have a wide range of places from which to purchase vegetables and fruits. From the perspective of Japanese consumers, Vietnamese fruit and vegetable products are more diverse and cheaper than those from the US, China, Thailand, etc. However, their quality is perceived to be inferior to that of these countries. The total value of Vietnamese fruit and vegetable exports to the Japanese market is quite modest, representing less than 2%. Therefore, to promote the export of Vietnamese vegetables and fruits to the Japanese market, Vietnamese enterprises should undertake the following activities simultaneously: (i) Establish an import market assessment room/centre in each Vietnamese exporting enterprise; (ii) Conduct an in-depth market study of fruit and vegetables in Japan; (iii) Improve understanding of consumer culture in Japan; (iv) Ensure quality of exported fruits and vegetables; and (v) Enhance trade promotion activities.

Strategic management of the development of the potential of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of security challenges and structural changes in the economy of Ukraine

Analytical generalization of the state, dynamics and risks of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine was carried out. Emphasis is placed on the problem of the loss of export potential of the agricultural sector in 2022-2023 due to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation. Based on the decisions adopted by the state to support agribusiness in the conditions of increasing security risks and uncertainty, the main tasks and directions for the development of the potential of agribusinesses in the strategic perspective are defined.

Formation of the innovative pole of Atyrau region development

Concepts such as growth poles and growth centres used to be interpreted as aggregate concentrations of population, natural resources, industries and services, and geographically as cities and development centres, but are now also referred to as free economic zones and technopoles. Despite the fact that the largest companies in the oilgas industry are located in Atyrau region, the manufacturing industry is not developed. There is a need to identify the growth poles and the formation of organisational and economic forms of their development in increasing the share of innovative production and activities in the oilgas chemical industry in the Atyrau region economy, occupying such unique resources as hydrocarbon raw materials. The formation of clusters in the regions will contribute to attracting investments in priority areas, activation of innovation activity, increasing export potential, making structural changes in the region. A relevant issue is the effectiveness of creating cluster structures in Atyrau region. Kazakhstan can become a real subject on innovative cluster development, offering products both on domestic and foreign markets in the raw materials direction. The prerequisites for the creation of innovation clusters on the study of economic and innovation potential in Atyrau region are considered. This article is devoted to the identification of theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of growth poles in the development of the region's economy. The main purpose of this study is to substantiate the formation of innovation growth poles in Atyrau region. The authors conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis, assessment of economic, as well as Atyrau region innovation potential, determined the innovation activity of Atyrau region economic entities.

Techno-economic analysis for design and management of international green hydrogen supply chain under uncertainty: An integrated temporal planning approach

The international green hydrogen supply chain (HSC) is anticipated to play a pivotal role in the ongoing energy transition. Our research endeavors to assess the implications of considering fast timescale volatility in renewable energy sources and uncertainties in demand on the design and evaluation of the international green hydrogen supply chain. To achieve this objective, we introduce a comprehensive bi-level optimization method for evaluating the economic viability of the HSC between nations. In the upper level of the optimization, capacity investments are determined using Bayesian optimization and Hyperband (BOHB) for multiple components, including turbines, PV panels, batteries, water electrolyzers, hydrogen liquefaction plants, hydrogen tanks, and liquid hydrogen (LH2) ships. The lower level focuses on the optimal scheduling of LH2 shipments and the operation of each facility, utilizing a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model that considers lead time and uncertainties in both supply and demand. We conduct case studies involving nine projects, encompassing three potential import and export countries, to demonstrate and analyze the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Furthermore, we delve into the impacts of various factors, such as economies of scale, lead time, and the minimum operating constraint of the electrolyzer, on the economic performance of the green HSC project. The study also explores the optimal balance between facility installation scales and their relationships with techno-economic parameters, providing valuable insights for future research, technological advancement and supply chain design.

Daya Saing Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional dalam 3 Dekade Terakhir

Coffee is one of the most important commodities that have an important role in economic growth, especially in supporting the increase of non-oil exports in Indonesia and as a foreign exchange earner. The purpose of this article is to analyze competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in international market in the last 3 decades or during period 1989–2019. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), X-Model Potential Export Product and Diamond Porter’s is used to analysis competitiveness. The results of the analysis of competitiveness using the RCA method show that not all HS codes for Indonesian coffee and competing countries have a comparative advantage, Indonesian coffee has strong competitiveness for HS code 090111 but has no strong competitive power for other HS codes. The results of the EPD method show that for all HS codes Indonesian coffee and competing countries have a rising star position or have positive appeal and increased market share. The results of the X-Model Potential Export Product method show that Indonesia and competing countries have optimistic coffee market developments for HS code 090111 and have potential market developments for HS codes 090112, 090121, 090122, and 090190. From the results of Porter Diamond's analysis, the results obtained that the State of Indonesia has advantages in terms of condition factors, namely natural resources and has weaknesses in science and technology, human resources and capital resources.

Financing of the agricultural industrial complex of Ukraine: problems and prospects

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the financing of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, the identification of problems and prospects of this process. During the research, methods of a scientific and empirical nature were used the collection and comparison of information, as well as complex analytical methods, which include synthesis and generalization. The informative basis of the paper is the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists who consider the issue of financing the agro-industrial complex and the problems associated with its development. The paper noted that Ukraine with its fertile land has great potential for the growth of this sector of the economy. However, the unconscious and inefficient use of natural resources, as well as internal and external economic challenges put it at risk. Factors that hold back the development of this industry include insufficient financing, lack of available credit, low level of investment, bureaucratic obstacles, corruption and instability, infrastructure problems. The experience of foreign countries can be useful for Ukraine in the field of state support of the agro-industrial complex. The conclusion emphasizes that financing the development of the domestic agricultural sector is an urgent problem that requires a comprehensive approach. To ensure the sustainable development of the industry, it is necessary to increase state support, expand lending programs on favorable terms, support scientific research and development of agricultural technologies. Tax incentives for agricultural producers and the development of processing of agricultural products can contribute to an increase in added value and the number of jobs. Strengthening the financial stability of the sector and increasing the export potential of products with high added value can have a positive effect on the country's economy and ensure the sustainable growth of agriculture. A close relationship between state institutions, enterprises and scientific institutions is necessary for the successful implementation of these measures.

Actividad de recubrimientos de quitosano, nanopartículas de quitosano y ZnO contra hongos aislados e identificados molecularmente de frutas con potencial de exportación en la zona norte del Perú

Las pérdidas postcosecha de frutas de exportación originan cuantiosas pérdidas económicas, siendo la acción de hongos una de las principales causas. Para el control de estos se utilizan fungicidas, muchos de los cuales tienen alta toxicidad y poder residual. La búsqueda de alternativas al uso de estos se convierte en un tópico importante de investigación. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar recubrimientos basados en quitosano, nanopartículas (NPs) de quitosano y ZnO para inhibir hongos aislados de frutas con potencial de exportación en el norte del Perú. En primer lugar, los hongos se aislaron e identificaron, molecularmente en base al gen internal transcribed spacer (ITS), de arándano, limón, uva y aguaymanto. Se prepararon recubrimientos líquidos de quitosano, con diferentes concentraciones de nanopartículas de quitosano y ZnO. Estos recubrimientos fueron evaluados in vitro sobre parte de los hongos aislados utilizando la técnica de halos de inhibición. Los recubrimientos preparados presentaron efecto antifúngico contra Alternaria Alternata (arándano), Aspergillus tubingensis (limón), Aspergillus niger (limón), Thielaviopsis ethacetica (limón) y Aspergillus niger (aguaymanto). Se determinó que la concentración de NPs de quitosano no tuvo ningún efecto sobre la capacidad antifúngica de los recubrimientos, mientras que las NPs de ZnO si tuvieron un efecto directamente proporcional. Los recubrimientos en base a quitosano y NPs de quitosano y ZnO tienen un potencial de uso como agente antifúngico en frutas de exportación.

EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE ON LAO PDR'S LDC GRADUATION

Lao PDR has achieved remarkable progress in terms of economic development, but it still faces many challenges to achieve its goal of graduation from LDC status by 2026. LDC graduation also comes with some challenges, including the phasing out of international support measures that are associated with LDC status, which will need to be addressed. The objectives of this paper are to identify lessons learned from other countries’ LDC graduation; analyze trade access to the market and expected impacts under LDC and evaluate the perceptions of private sectors on LDC graduation. The Export Potential Indicator was applied to evaluate potential products after graduation from LDC. As there are no changes in tariff preferences and huge export potential in Thailand, Vietnam, and China markets therefore the impact on exports after is expected to be minor. However, LDC graduation is projected to significantly impact exports to the European Union market.

Rice growing industry of the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan: ways to increase competitiveness

The goal is to analyze the current state of the rice growing industry in the Kyzylorda region and develop recommendations for its further development. Methods – during the study, a systematic approach to data selection, quantitative and qualitative methods, methods of comparison and generalization, logical, statistical, correlation and regression analysis were used. Results - the authors show the importance of the development of rice farming in this region, present the dynamics of rice production and sales, and assess the effectiveness of rice farming in the region. It has been established that in recent years the production of this crop has been declining, and the performance indicators of the rice complex are correspondingly decreasing. Due to the fact that the rice growing sector is characterized by competitive advantages, the article analyzes the level of activity of three competing companies - leaders in this market segment of Kazakhstan. The strengths and weaknesses are identified, as well as the opportunities and threats of the rice growing industry. Conclusions - the importance of rice growing for ensuring food security, social stability and overall economic growth in the country has been proven. The priority is to implement a set of measures to optimize sown areas, use modern technologies and equipment, and introduce innovations to increase the gross yield and yield of rice crop rotations. This traditional field of activity is promising and has export potential. There is a need to increase demand for products, create a system for promoting them to the market in order to increase exports, state support in the reconstruction of rice irrigation systems, subsidizing seed production, updating mechanization equipment, regulatory and methodological support, and personnel training.

Risky Business? Evaluating Hydrogen Partnerships Established by Germany, The Netherlands, and Belgium

Following the introduction of the EU’s Hydrogen Strategy in 2020 as part of the European Green Deal, some EU member states have deployed a very active hydrogen diplomacy. Germany, The Netherlands, and Belgium have been the most active ones, establishing no less than 40 bilateral hydrogen trade partnerships with 30 potential export countries in the last three years. However, concerns have been voiced about whether such hydrogen trade relationships can be economically feasible, geopolitically wise, environmentally sustainable, and socially just. This article therefore evaluates these partnerships considering three risk dimensions: economic, political, and sustainability (covering both environmental and justice) risks. The analysis reveals that the selection of partner countries entails significant trade-offs. Four groups of partner countries can be identified based on their respective risk profile: “Last Resorts”, “Volatile Ventures”, “Strategic Gambits”, and “Trusted Friends”. Strikingly, less than one-third of the agreements are concluded with countries that fall within the “Trusted Friends” category, which have the lowest overall risk profile. These findings show the need for policy makers to think much more strategically about which partnerships to pursue and to confront tough choices about which risks and trade-offs they are willing to accept.

Dynamics of export potential of ICAR-IIOR mandate crops vis-à-vis groundnut,soybean and rapeseed mustard

In the last two decades six oilseeds crops viz., castor, linseed, Niger, safflower, sesame and sunflower (IIOR mandate crops) on an average contributed only 15 per cent area and rest of the oilseeds viz., groundnut, soybean and rapeseed and Mustard together contributed 85 per cent area of total oilseeds. However, on an average for the last two decades the contribution of these six crops towards exports is 19 per cent and per cent in terms of export quantity and 36 per cent in terms exports value. In the last QE 2021-22 these six crops contributed 30 per cent and 44 per cent respectively. Thus, despite their relatively little contribution to area and output as compared to other oilseeds, IIOR mandate crops have strong export potential. It also underlines the necessity of stronger marketing chain development for these six oilseeds, as well as the need for area expansion, in order to reinforce and grow their contribution to exports.

Developing dairy farming and improving product quality

The need to find ways to improve the quality characteristics of milk as a basis for increasing the competitiveness of dairy products in the global market determines the relevance of the study. Ukraine’s dairy industry is one of the critical ones in the agricultural sector of the economy, as it provides the country’s population with vital foodstuffs. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the areas of solving organisational and economic problems of development of the dairy industry to meet the needs of the domestic market with quality dairy products and increase export potential. The study was conducted to identify the main reasons for the transformational changes that have taken place in dairy farming and to outline the promising areas for the development of this industry in the context of improving product quality. This study focused on European and national requirements for the quality of raw milk. The following methods of economic research were used in the analytical material: economic and statistical, comparative analysis, graphical, logical generalisation, systematic approach, systemic and structural analysis, calculation, and design. The study analysed the data of agricultural enterprises and households engaged in milk production in Ukraine for 2010-2022 and recalculated the purchase prices for raw milk in relation to the European quality indicators. The findings of this study showed that ensuring the competitiveness of dairy products depends on the quality of milk. It was found that it is higher in European countries, and therefore high standards for the quality of raw milk become a barrier to entry into European markets for most domestic dairy processing enterprises. Accordingly, the state’s strategy should focus on increasing the production of high-quality raw milk and growing export potential by forming specialised milk production cooperatives for dairy processing enterprises. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the author’s recommendations can be used by agricultural enterprises or private households in their everyday activities