Potential Areas Research Articles

Geospatial technology on road, terrace and planting point for oil palm cultivation in hilly terrain

One of marginal area for oil palm cultivation is on hilly terrain, which pose various agro-management problems start from planting preparation, during oil palm growth/maintenance and up to the harvesting and transporting of the fresh fruit bunches. Geospatial technology was used to help designing road system with focuses on 1) road gradient of less than 7°, 2) road density of less than 200 m/ha and 3) carry distance of about 100m along the terraces. Commercial trial in Pelalawan Riau showed that the design can be implemented resulting average road gradient of 4.7°, road density of 234 m/ha and average carry distance of 143m. Geospatial technology was also used to help designing terraces where digital terrain model was used to produce suitable rajah line location. On planting point, improved Gawthorn and Violle method was introduced incorporating geospatial analysis in detection of potential etiolation areas. The method produced stand per ha of 142 palm/ha (and 145 in commercial) with minimized potential etiolation area to 6%.

An equatorial mid-Atlantic Ocean archipelago as nursery area for the cookiecutter shark: Investigating foraging strategies of neonates through bite mark inferences.

This study delves into the foraging ecology of the cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), assessing bite marks on pelagic fishes collected between March and September 2018. Examination of 200 individuals from five species revealed the shark's predilection for targeting adult fish, ensuring efficient removal of energy-rich tissue layers. However, a notable exception is Thunnus albacares, preyed on predominantly during its juvenile stage, possibly due to vertical spatial segregation. Recent bites were pervasive across species, with wahoo displaying a distinctive pattern. Cookiecutter shark bites predominantly targeted the lateral body portion (>55%) except for yellowfin tuna, which exhibited a preference for the ventral region (95%). The estimated length distribution suggests the SPSPA as a potential nursery area for cookiecutter sharks. Bite mark positions and frequencies may be linked to fish behavior, swimming velocity, and fishing gear strategy, highlighting the complex interplay in pelagic ecosystems.

Current and Future Distribution of Camellia sinensis in China Estimated by MaxEnt

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is an important cash crop. In the context of climate change, analyzing the current distribution of tea trees and climate change environmental variables to predict the potential distribution area of tea trees in the future can help decision-makers make appropriate planting decisions and promote sustainable management. In this study, an optimized MaxEnt model was used to predict the limiting factors of tea tree growth and distribution under current and future climate change scenarios. The climate soil mixing model [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.934] performed excellently. The results showed that precipitation, temperature, slope, and soil factors all affected the distribution of suitable habitats for tea trees. Compared with the current distribution area of tea trees, under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585), the area of highly suitable habitats for tea trees will expand, especially in 2061–2080 and 2081–2100 years, and the suitable area will extend overall to the north of China, indicating that future climate change may create more new suitable habitats for tea production, especially in Shandong, Shaanxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces. This study will provide important scientific insights for tea production decision-making, tea garden location selection, and future adaptation methods, and will help in the cultivation and transplantation of tea trees in the future.

Prediction of suitable areas and division of key monitoring zones for Solidago canadensis in Guizhou Province, China

Comprehending invasive alien species’ potential habitat area and spread trend are of great importance for effective prevention and control strategy and prevention of spread. However, previous studies have mainly been based on large regional scales (national or global level). Research on the smaller regional scale of ecologically fragile karst makes the prevention and control measures more feasible and targeted, it is of great significance to protect mountainous region species diversity and maintain national nature reserves. In this study, based on the distribution point data of Solidago canadensis in Guizhou Province and environmental factors, Pearson correlation analysis and contribution rate analysis of environmental factors were carried out by SPSS and knife cutting method, and current and future potential distribution vector maps were obtained by MaxEnt model, and then imported into ArcGIS for reclassification and visualization. The results show that, (1) the main drivers of S canadensis distribution were precipitation changes and human activities, the total contribution rate more than 70%; (2) S canadensis occurrence probability initially increased, and then decreased with increased precipitation variables, and increased rapidly initially, then gradually with increasing human footprint; (3) under current climate conditions, S canadensis suitable area is 8.13 × 104 km2, with the highly suitable area concentrated in Guiyang, east of Bijie, Zunyi, Anshun and Qiannan. Under climate conditions of the 2050s, the suitable area drops slightly to 8.00 × 104 km2, mainly in the west and north of Zunyi, Anshun and other areas reduced. Under climate conditions of the 2070s, the suitable area expands to 8.31 × 104 km2, it expands in the adjacent areas of Anshun, Qiannan and Qianxinan and the junction of Zunyi, Tongren, Qiannan and Qiandongnan. And move toward the south within the study area; (4) finally, using the spatial optimization software ZONATION, according to the landscape loss proportion curve, the key monitoring area of 79,857 km2 was obtained, including a primary monitoring area mainly distributed in Guiyang, east of Bijie, northeast of Anshun and northwest of Qiannan, a secondary monitoring area mainly outside the primary monitoring area, and a third-level monitoring area widely distributed in Zunyi, Tongren, Qiannan, west of Qiandongnan and Anshun and east of Bijie. Linking our results with this specie’s invasive power, we thus recommended to increase the prevention and control sites in the first-level monitoring area, and continue to pay attention to the risk of the southward spread of this species.

A survey on blockchain deployment for biometric systems

AbstractBlockchain technology has become an emerging area in recent years due to its capacity to improve the security, dependability, and resilience of distributed systems. Research based on this technique has impacted several firms, including banking, healthcare, data processing, remote sensing, and many others. The key characteristics of blockchain technology that make it appealing are data immutability, transparency, privacy, decentralization, and distributed ledgers. However, there is a chance of a privacy breach with sensitive biometric data. The purpose of this investigation is to examine blockchain‐based biometric applications research. It begins by determining the myriad ways that biometrics and blockchain may work together, including the storage and protection of biometric templates, identity management, and biometric authentication systems. Different biometric applications with respect to blockchain technology are also identified, along with the types of biometric data taken into account, features and capabilities of blockchain technology exploited, and blockchain technology frameworks employed. Finally, the authors seek to investigate blockchain concepts in the biometric domain by evaluating their pros and cons and summarizing the methods developed on blockchain for diverse biometric applications. Additionally, the applications of blockchain‐based biometric systems are highlighted before moving on to open research questions and potential future research areas.

Security Concerns and Conflict Experience of Physically Disabled People in The Czech Republic

People with disabilities are more vulnerable to violence than their non-disabled counterparts. The fear of crime increases with the experience of victimization. There are many attempts to enhance the confidence of being outside alone or decrease the fear of crime through self-defense courses. 
 The aim of the present study is to determine the level of security concerns in people with physical disabilities and to identify the most frequent crime they are facing.
 77 physically disabled people (aged 15 and more; 45 women, 32 men; 5 elementary, 44 secondary, 28 higher educated) participated in the research. 49 participants use mechanic or electric wheelchair, 19 participants use other compensatory aids, 9 participants do not use any compensatory aids. 35 participants use the assistant service, 42 do not. 
 Data was collected via a questionnaire of four parts, in which participants expressed their security concerns, confidence, or vulnerability in given situations through a 6point scale. Each part of the questionnaire is supplemented by an open question encouraging participants to express their experience. People with disabilities have a slight fear of possible conflict situations. This fear increases in conditions with a greater chance of a potential conflict situation or areas that cannot be left immediately. 
 The results suggest a slight sense of helplessness in verbal conflict situations or a developing conflict that can still be de-escalated. We can assume that people with disabilities feel very vulnerable when it comes to direct physical assault.

Potential impact of climatic factors on the distribution of Graphium sarpedon in China.

Graphium sarpedon is a significant foliar pest of Laurel plants in China. In this study, the MaxEnt model was used to investigate the distribution of G. sarpedon and predict its potential distribution areas in China in the future (2050s and 2090s) based on three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5), and key environmental variables affecting its distribution were identified. The results showed that under the current climatic conditions, the suitable distribution areas of G. sarpedon were 92.17°-134.96° E and 18.04°-33.61° N, including Yangtze Plain (Middle and Lower), Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Lingnan areas. Under the future climate conditions, the total suitable distribution area of G. sarpedon decreased, but the area of medium suitable area increased. The study identified 11 key environmental variables affecting the distribution of G. sarpedon, the most critical of which was Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (bio18) and precipitation in April, May, June, and September (prec4, prec5, prec6, and prec9). This study is beneficial for monitoring and preventing the possible changes of G. sarpedon and provides theoretical references for its prevention and control.

An enhanced adaptive differential evolution algorithm with dual performance evaluation metrics for numerical optimization

In this paper, we present a novel adaptive differential evolution algorithm for global optimization problems by introducing an enhanced mutation operator and a new mixed control parameter setting based on dual performance evaluation metrics. To further strengthen the search efficiency of algorithm and availably balance its exploration and exploitation, a dual performance metrics-based mutation operator is first proposed to implement the search of population by organically integrating the fitness value and history update of individual to find the potential promising areas and allocate the suitable search resources for them. Meanwhile, a dual performance metrics-based mixed parameter setting is developed to yield appropriate associated parameters for each individual by comprehensively measuring its search characteristic and requirement based on both its fitness value and history update. In addition, a new restart strategy is further put forward to boost the search performance of algorithm by reasonably replacing the meaningless individuals measured by both their fitness values and history updates with the randomly generated individuals based on Gaussian walk. In contrast to the existing DE versions, the new algorithm organically takes advantage of the fitness value and history update of individual to assign the proper computational resources for each potential promising region, create the suitable parameters for different individuals, and eliminate the valueless individuals from population. Thereby, it is capable of heightening the search efficiency of algorithm and maintaining a good balance between exploration and exploitation effectively. At last, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing with 19 typical or up-to-date algorithms on 42 benchmark functions from both IEEE CEC2017 and CEC2022 test suites. Compared to these opponents, the proposed algorithm achieves significantly better performance on 60 out of 77 cases based on the multiproblem Wilcoxon signed-rank test at a significant level of 0.05, and thus is a more promising optimizer.

Abiotic correlates with diversity and distinctiveness in Sunshine Coast heathlands: Moisture, volcanic landscapes and patterned mounds

AbstractThe ongoing management and protection of conservation areas can be informed by understanding factors that affect the integrity of these communities. Abiotic factors associated with diversity and phylogenetic dispersion within communities, as well as distinctiveness between communities, may potentially be impacted by climate change or changes in hydrology due to urbanization. This study used a range of diversity metrics, along with nominal and quantitative abiotic data, to examine correlates with diversity patterns in the Sunshine Coast heathlands, ecosystems under threat from urban development. Metrics for 80 heathland sites over a variety of substrates, moisture levels and topographic factors were compared using univariate and multivariate statistics. Moisture is a key abiotic factor correlated with the diversity and distinctiveness of heath, and also with higher phylogenetic dispersion of moist and wet sites, indicating possible refuges. Vegetation composition patterns were distinct in the heaths on Tertiary and Triassic rocky volcanic substrates, with the overlapping composition of heath on other substrates, confirming the tolerance of many heath species to a variety of substrates. Patterned natural ‘mounds’ and ‘trenches’ were associated with phylogenetic evenness and are possible refugia. Multivariate analysis had a weak positive correlation of environmental factors with vegetation and phylogenetic composition, emphasizing the complexity of correlates with diversity for the heathlands. This study suggests that both the management of hydrological changes and protection of potential refugial areas are likely to be critical in maintaining the integrity and diversity of the Sunshine Coast heathlands.

Predicting the potential distribution of 12 threatened medicinal plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a maximum entropy model.

Climate change is a vital driver of biodiversity patterns and species distributions, understanding how organisms respond to climate change will shed light on the conservation of endangered species. In this study, the MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential suitable area of 12 threatened medicinal plants in the QTP (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) under the current and future (2050s, 2070s) three climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5). The results showed that the climatically suitable habitats for the threatened medicinal plants were primarily found in the eastern, southeast, southern, and some parts of the central regions on the QTP. Moreover, 25% of the threatened medicinal plants would have reduced suitable habitat areas within the next 30-50 years in the different future global warming scenarios. Among these medicinal plants, RT (Rheum tanguticum) would miss the most habitat (98.97%), while the RAN (Rhododendron anthopogonoides) would miss the least habitat (10.15%). Nevertheless, 33.3% of the threatened medicinal plants showed an increase in their future habitat area because of their physiological characteristics which are more adaptable to a wide range of climates. The climatic suitable habitat for 50% of the threatened medicinal plants would migrate to higher altitudes or higher latitudes regions. This study provides a data foundation for the conservation of biodiversity and wild medicinal plants on the QTP.

Food Safety and Management System Audits in Food Retail Chain Stores in Greece

The present study aimed to assess the performance of food safety management systems in food retail stores via audits to reveal potential areas of improvement and to find out possible corrective actions to suggest to the top management. Two cycles of on-site audits took place in 106 stores to assess the requirements and hygiene conditions. After the first cycle of audits, improvements were suggested to the top management, and a second cycle of audits took place after a reasonable time. In the checklist, we recorded the temperatures of retail refrigerators and the scores from the inspection of hygiene and HACCP documentation. In the A′ audit, the percentage of stores that had higher temperatures than the critical limits was equal to 51%, and those temperatures occurred in the refrigerators for salads, followed by the refrigerators for deli meat, yogurts and desserts. In the B′ audit, only the refrigerators for salads exhibited percentages that were statistically significant lower (p-value < 0.05), and the stores were improved after the audit. High percentages of high-scoring stores were observed in the A′ and B′ audit in the inspection of HACCP documentation, although there was not a statistically significant improvement observed (p-value > 0.05). In the hygiene inspection, statistically significant improvement with 95% confidence appeared for “Refrigerator’s products appearance”, “Storage cleanliness”, and “Grocery shelf cleanliness”. The highest number of non-conformities without statistically significant improvement was found for “Checking temperatures of the receiving products” and “Labeling of fruit store products”, with the percentages being lower than 15% in both of the audit cycles. Many employees of the stores did not check and record the temperatures of receiving products from suppliers. In addition, the storage of spoiled products beneath fresh products for selling in the same refrigerator is not a good practice. Greater efforts must be made by top management and employees to maintain and distribute food products in the best and safest possible hygiene conditions.

A critical appraisal of education policy practices ensuring free and compulsory school education: Insights from Nepal

Education policy plays a pivotal role in ensuring access to free and compulsory education for all children, fostering national development and reducing social disparities. This critical appraisal examined the school education policy practices in Nepal that aimed at achieving the goal of free and compulsory school education at basic level. For this, descriptive and analytical research designs were applied for analyzing the education policy provisions. The education policies practices were observed through a field survey in which the information was gathered from schools through the distribution of questionnaires to students, teachers, and guardians, as well as interviews with head teachers and focus group discussions among policy experts and local leaders. The investigation led to the provision of free and compulsory education in basic education. While there was good achievement in teacher training and development, there was insufficient support for teachers-guardians interaction programs. The research also offers suggestions for preparing detailed policy implementation guidelines, including an education plan for policy execution. Nepal has made significant progress in school education in terms of providing free and compulsory school education. This paper has provided a critical appraisal of these policies and practices drawing on evidence from Nepal. By analyzing the evidence and outcomes, this study evaluates the effectiveness, challenges and potential areas for improvement in the Nepalese education system.

Abstract WP278: Trends in GLP1RA and SGLT2i Use in Ischemic Stroke Patients With Diabetes

Background: The current AHA stroke prevention guidelines give Class 1 recommendations that patients with AIS and diabetes should receive glucose-lowering agents with cardiovascular benefit to reduce risk of MACE. The ADA recommends in patients with ASCVD, when prevention of further vascular events is the priority, a GLP1RA should be added; and when concern for heart failure or chronic kidney disease is the priority, a SGLT2i should be added. Objective: Among a cohort of patients with diabetes presenting with AIS, we analyzed rates of GLP1RA and SGLT2i use during hospitalization and/or outpatient follow-up. Methods: A retrospective review of AIS patients at a comprehensive stroke center between May 2016 and October 2022 was conducted using an institutional registry. Patients were identified to have diabetes as derived by the Charlson Comorbidity Index ICD 10 codes E10 through E14. We then identified patients receiving GLP1RA or SGLT2i and evaluated trends over time. Results: 4131 patients were identified of which 2045 (49.4%) had a diagnosis of diabetes. Of these patients 60/2045 (2.9%) were on GLP1RA while 35/2045 (1.7%) were on SGTLi for total of 4.6%. Annual trends were 2016 6/220 (2.7%) and 1/220 (0.4%), in 2017 6/347 (1.7%) and 3/347 (0.8%), in 2018 6/377 (1.6%) and 5/377 (1.3%), in 2019 3/240 (1.2%) and 1/240 (0.4%), in 2020 9/335 (2.7%) and 10/335 (3.0%), in 2021 11/322 (3.4%) and 10/322 (3.1%), in 2022 19/205 (9.2%) and 5/205 (2.4%) for GLP1RA and SGLT2i, respectively. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis of 4131 AIS cases, use of GLP1RA and SGLT2i prior to 2019 remained around 2-3%. Following publication of the 2021 stroke prevention guidelines, GLP1RA use increased in 2022 to 9%. However, the study highlights the still-low rates of use of secondary MACE prevention despite Class 1 recommendations. This analysis serves as a call to attention that improving treatment of diabetes with ASCVD risk-reduction is a potential area of improvement.

Knitting Ladies Online

Knitting Ladies Online

The Effect of Compensation, Work Motivation and Work Discipline on the Performance of PT. Khong Guan

This research aimed to analyze the impact of compensation factors, work motivation, and work discipline on employee performance through quantitative methods, employing primary data from 141 distributed questionnaires. The study employed descriptive and inferential analyses, encompassing instrument test analysis, model feasibility test, multiple linear regression correlation analysis, and hypothesis tests. The regression analysis revealed a positive influence on performance, as indicated by the equation Performance = 0.361 K + 0.226 M.K + 0.273 D.K. The feasibility test affirmed the model's significance (p-value = 0.000), signifying that all independent variables significantly influence performance. Hypothesis testing demonstrated significant values for compensation (0.000), work motivation (0.002), and work discipline (0.000), supporting the acceptance of hypotheses. Management is advised to prioritize the compensation factor with the greatest contribution to PT Khong Guan employees' performance. Addressing employees' perceptions and fostering motivation and discipline can enhance overall company goals. Including a sentence about potential areas for future research based on the findings would provide a forward-looking perspective.

On the feed-forward neural network for analyzing pantograph equations

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are fundamental tools for modeling and understanding a wide range of chemistry, physics, and biological phenomena. However, solving complex ODEs often presents significant challenges, necessitating advanced numerical approaches beyond traditional analytical techniques. Thus, a novel machine learning (ML)-based method for solving and analyzing ODEs is proposed in the current investigation. In this study, we utilize a feed-forward neural network (FNN) with five fully connected layers trained on data samples generated from the exact solutions of specific ODEs. To show the efficacy of our suggested method, we will conduct a thorough evaluation by comparing the anticipated solutions of the FNN with the exact solutions for some ODEs. Furthermore, we analyze the absolute error and present the loss functions for some ODE examples, providing valuable insights into the model’s performance and potential areas for further development.

Identification of Neighborhood Hotspots via the Cumulative Hazard Index: Results From a Community-Partnered Low-Cost Sensor Deployment.

The Strathcona neighborhood in Vancouver is particularly vulnerable to environmental injustice due to its close proximity to the Port of Vancouver, and a high proportion of Indigenous and low-income households. Furthermore, local sources of air pollutants (e.g., roadways) can contribute to small-scale variations within communities. The aim of this study was to assess hyperlocal air quality patterns (intra-neighborhood variability) and compare them to average Vancouver concentrations (inter-neighborhood variability) to identify possible disparities in air pollution exposure for the Strathcona community. Between April and August 2022, 11 low-cost sensors (LCS) were deployed within the neighborhood to measure PM2.5, NO2, and O3 concentrations. The collected 15-min concentrations were down-averaged to daily concentrations and compared to greater Vancouver region concentrations to quantify the exposures faced by the community relative to the rest of the region. Concentrations were also estimated at every 25m grid within the neighborhood to quantify the distribution of air pollution within the community. Using population information from census data, cumulative hazard indices (CHIs) were computed for every dissemination block. We found that although PM2.5 concentrations in the neighborhood were lower than regional Vancouver averages, daily NO2 concentrations and summer O3 concentrations were consistently higher. Additionally, although CHIs varied daily, we found that CHIs were consistently higher in areas with high commercial activity. As such, estimating CHI for dissemination blocks was useful in identifying hotspots and potential areas of concern within the neighborhood. This information can collectively assist the community in their advocacy efforts.

Light and Shadow: Exploring the Aesthetics of Dune’s Visual Spectacle through Effects, Design, and Art Direction

This paper explores the profound aesthetics of light and shadow in Denis Villeneuve’s Dune. Drawing upon elements of cinematography, special effects, design, and art direction, the analysis examines how the interplay of light and shadow serves as a narrative language, shaping the visual storytelling experience. The study investigates the innovative use of lighting to enhance visual effects, the impact of design elements on thematic depth, and the role of art direction in creating a visually cohesive world. Additionally, it investigates the emotional and psychological dimensions influenced by the aesthetic choices, contributing to the film’s atmospheric tone and mood. Through an examination of audience reception and critical acclaim, the paper underscores Dune’s significant contribution to the contemporary visual language of cinema. The findings suggest potential areas for further research in the dynamic field of film aesthetics.

A bibliometric analysis of the of cybersecurity policy research

The cybersecurity policy is a fundamental framework for developing a robust defense strategy for an organization's digital landscape. It involves various critical steps, including classifying information based on sensitivity, implementing strict access control, encrypting data in transit and at rest, continuous security awareness training, an incident response plan for addressing security breaches, deploying network security measures such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, and physical security protocols to protect data centers and infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: How are articles on Cybersecurity Policy classified? What are the latest study trends in Cybersecurity Policy analysis? What are the most frequently published research topics? What are the potential areas for future research in Cybersecurity Policy analysis? This research used a quantitative-descriptive technique. This bibliometric analysis explores the extensive and dynamic domain of cybersecurity policy, examining academic outputs from various dimensions. Utilizing standardized methodologies, including Mendeley software, VOSviewer, and PoP, this study navigates the complex terrain of academic literature. The findings reveal major topics such as 'Cybersecurity policy,' 'Network security policy,' and 'Cybersecurity' emerge, illuminating both well-explored areas and less developed fields such as 'National cybersecurity' and 'Cyberspace.' These unexplored aspects present intriguing avenues for future research.

Recent developments in tomato drying techniques: A comprehensive review

AbstractTomatoes, a highly perishable agricultural product, are commonly dried to extend their shelf life. They serve as raw materials in various domains, including direct consumption and as key ingredients in processed foods, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. However, producing dried tomato products with quality attributes equivalent to fresh tomatoes, such as nutrient content, appearance, flavor, texture, and reconstitution properties, poses significant challenges. Several research attempts have been made to evaluate the feasibility of different drying methods for tomatoes. Solar drying, hot air drying, and spray drying are commonly employed techniques, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Conventional solar drying practices often result in extended drying times and undesirable quality parameters. Hence, it is imperative to adopt enhanced solar drying techniques for the large‐scale production of dried tomato products. Additionally, hybrid‐drying approaches can be explored to achieve better quality products with reduced drying times. Pretreatments before drying can also enhance overall drying performance. Combining conventional drying with novel drying methods, precise selection of drying parameters and pretreatments are demonstrated as efficient ways to improve the drying rate while preserving food quality. Modeling the drying process is also critical for designing large‐scale dryers, selecting appropriate drying conditions, maintaining product quality, and process optimization. Therefore, this article aims to provide detailed insight into existing drying methods with their unique features and modeling approaches, which may enable professionals and scientists to choose better and optimized tomato drying method to deliver the highest quality product to consumers.Practical ApplicationsProcessing tomatoes as dried products is a potential area to explore to minimize their postharvest loss. Lack of awareness regarding how to process, what parameters to consider, and which method to employ are hurdles in adopting and popularizing dried tomato products. Hence, it is crucial to consolidate the key findings pertaining to tomato drying from various methods into a unified platform. This will provide valuable guidance to future researchers and enable consumers to make informed decisions when selecting the most suitable drying method. Therefore, this comprehensive review aims to elucidate the current practices in tomato drying, highlighting their potential benefits and limitations.