A reinvestigation of the radiation protection activity of S-(2-((2{prime}-carbamylethyl)amino)ethyl) lithium hydrogen phosphorothioate (4a) revealed that this compound possessed good (70% protection at a dose of 600 mg/kg) activity. The thione and imino bioisosteres of 4, S-(2-(2{prime}-thiocarbamylethylamino)ethyl) lithium hydrogen phosphorothioate (13a) and S-(2-(2{prime}-amidinoethylamino)ethyl) phosphorothioic acid (18b) showed 100% protection at doses of 300 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The N-methyl (4b) and tert-butyl (4c) analogues of amide 4a, the N-methyl (13b) analogue of the thioamide 13a, the N-methyl (18a) analogue of amidine (18b), and the cyclic amidine S-(2-((2{prime}-(4,5-dihydroimidozoyl)ethyl)amino)ethyl) lithium hydrogen phosphorothioate (21) all showed 80% protection at the highest dose tested.
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