Potent Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Phenolic Compounds Characterization of Caryocar brasiliense Peel with Potential Antioxidant Activity.

The pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit peel, despite being frequently discarded, has a high content of bioactive compounds, and therefore has a high nutritional value. The present study aimed to explore the bioactivities in the pequi peel, particularly their potential health benefits at the level of antioxidant activity. The exploitation of this fruit could also present significant economic benefits and applications of pequi by-products would represent a reduction in waste, having a positive impact on the environment. Phenolic compounds present in the pequi exocarp and external mesocarp were identified by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) and quantified by HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC) along with the amount of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and the amount of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) were also determined in peel extracts. Epicatechin was the most abundant phenolic compound found, followed by the caffeic, salicylic, and gallic acids. In addition, fingerprinting revealed compounds related to several beneficial health effects. In short, the results obtained were encouraging for potential applications of pequi peel in the field of functional foods.

Quality Characteristics, Phenolic Composition and Potential Antioxidant Activities of Some Table Grape Varieties in Highland Viticulture

Quality Characteristics, Phenolic Composition and Potential Antioxidant Activities of Some Table Grape Varieties in Highland Viticulture

Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Rosemary Essential Oil Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity by Activating Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Rosemary essential oil (REO) is widely recognized as a food flavoring and traditional herb and possesses potential antioxidant activity. However, its low yield rate and unclarified antioxidant mechanism warrant further investigation. In this study, an enzyme pretreatment-assisted extraction method with Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) models was employed to optimize the main factors of REO, and its antioxidant molecular mechanism under oxidative stress was elucidated in hydrogen peroxide-induced human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The optimized yield (4.10%) of REO was recorded with the following optimum conditions: enzyme amount 1.60%, enzyme digestion pH 5.0, enzyme digestion temperature 46.50 °C, and enzyme digestion time 1.7 h. Meanwhile, 1.8-cineole (53.48%) and β-pinene (20.23%) exhibited radical scavenging activity higher than that of BHA and BHT. At the cellular level, REO (12.5-50 µg/mL) increased the levels of cell viability, CAT, SOD, and GSH significantly while reducing the contents of ROS, MDA, and GSSG, when compared to H2O2 exposure. Mechanically, REO relieved oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhancing the protein expression of Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1, which was further verified by molecular docking between the main component 1.8-cineole and the Kelch domain of KEAP1. Therefore, REO could be considered as a potent natural antioxidant with a potential strategy in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

The Leaf Extract of Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. Contains Anti-oxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activities

The medicinal plant Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. (Meliaceae) is native to Indonesia, but its bioactive potential has been little explored. This study de- termined the phenolic content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of D. parasitic- cum leaf extracts. Dried, powdered leaves were sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by colorimetric assays. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest phenolic content at 21.54 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, while antidiabetic activity was assessed as inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme. The ethyl acetate extract showed potent antioxidant (IC50 30.72 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibitory (IC50 16.32 μg/mL) activities compared to standard controls. Putative bioactive components were identified by LC-MS/MS, including stylosin, capillartemisin A, 19β-glucosyl-14-deoxy-11,12- didehydroandrographoside, daturametelin H, stigmas-3,6-dione, 2α,3β,4α-trihy- droxy nortropane and arnebinone. The traditional use of D. parasiticum is validated by its antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential, which is associated with its phenolic content.

Novel antioxidant peptides from soybean protein by employing computational and experimental methods and their mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance

Antioxidant peptides have the potential to play a crucial role in mitigating and managing a variety range of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Soybean protein is an important source of antioxidant peptides. Here we employ computational and experimental methods to screen and identify five antioxidant peptides (Gly-Ala, Gly-Val-Pro-Tyr, Pro-His, Pro-Lys, and Ser-Gly-Pro) derived from soybean protein, and explore their potential targets and mechanisms of action. All five peptides demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging superoxide radicals and protecting cells from H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage. These peptides exhibited multi-target effects on pathways implicated in oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Notably, our results reveal that these peptides can stably interact with the key target nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) through Glu377, a critical residue of NOS2, thereby inhibiting its activity and potentially mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. This study confirms the function of soybean peptide sequence that has not been previously disclosed, and provides a more specific theoretical basis for the development of natural antioxidant peptides.

GC-MS analysis and pharmacological potentiality of Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites leaves and fruit extracts: an in vitro and in silico studies.

Lasia spinosa (L. spinosa) is widely used in Asian countries for treating various diseases and as a vegetable, yet its bioactive properties remain under-researched. It is traditionally utilized in Ayurveda and the AYUSH system of medicine for its medicinal properties, and commonly used to treat digestive disorders, respiratory issues, and inflammatory conditions. This study aims to identify the phytochemicals in L. spinosa leaves and fruit extracts and evaluate their biological activities. Phytochemicals in methanol extracts of L. spinosa fruits and leaves were identified by GC-MS analysis. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were assessed using the DPPH free radical and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay and brine shrimp lethality test. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Streptococcus iniae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae, while antifungal properties were tested against Cercospora beticola and Rhizoctonia solani. Molecular docking was conducted to predict the effectiveness of L. spinosa phytochemicals against NADPH oxidase and the Shigella effector OspG. Nine compounds were detected from both extracts. The methanol leaves extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the fruit extract, with IC50 values of 111.81 ± 8.99µg/ml and 174.81 ± 4.86µg/ml, respectively, as determined by the DPPH scavenging assay. The nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay also revealed higher potency in the leaves extract (IC50 = 138.59 ± 1.50µg/ml) compared to the fruit extract (IC50 = 196.47 ± 1.72µg/ml). Both extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. In silico studies indicated notable inhibitory activity of all phytochemicals against the target proteins, with Linoelaidic acid and 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)- exhibiting the highest activity against NADPH oxidase (PDB: 2cdu) and Shigella flexneri OspG effector kinase (PDB: 4bvu), respectively. These findings suggest that L. spinosa has potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Compounds from this plant could serve as lead compounds for developing antioxidant and antibacterial agents. However, molecular studies should be addressed.

Ultrasound combined with post-mortem aging enriches antioxidant peptides in Muscovy ducks

To investigate the impact of ultrasound in conjunction with post-mortem aging on antioxidant peptides in Muscovy ducks, this study was conducted under appropriate ultrasound conditions (20 min, 20 kHz, 1050 W), followed by post-mortem aging at 4 °C for 6, 12, 24,72 and 168 h. The analysis focused on the peptide content and antioxidant activity of Muscovy ducks. The results revealed that the peptide content reached the highest of 14.02 mg/g of meat following 72 h post-mortem aging combined with ultrasound treatment; an increase of 1.20 mg/g of meat of peptides was observed compared with the control. Moreover, the antioxidant activity also reached its peak (DPPH· scavenging efficacy was 47.38%). The sarcomeres almost completely disappeared after ultrasound treatment, the M and Z lines darkened, and the activities of cathepsins B, D, H, and L and calpain proteases increased. Gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were utilized to isolate the peptides with the most potent antioxidant activity. Nine of the sequenced peptides were deemed reliable. ENHHCCC exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Therefore, ultrasound in conjunction with post-mortem aging is a promising method to enrich antioxidant peptides in Muscovy duck.

THE EFFECT OF MATURITY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF MUNTINGIA CALABURA FRUITS CULTIVATED IN INDONESIA

Objective: Cultivation location and maturity levels could affect Muntingia calabura's bioactive compounds and biological activities. The present investigation evaluated two different maturity stages (young and ripened) of Indonesian M. calabura on their phytochemical constituents (total phenolic [TP] and total flavonoid [TF]), antioxidant activity, and nutrition composition. Material and Method: The TP and TF were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and ammonium chloride (AlCl3). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS). Nutrition composition: total soluble solids (TSS) were determined by the gravimetric method; soluble sugars used anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assays; and vitamin C established 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) titration. Result and Discussion: The ripened fruit presented the most potent antioxidant activity. DPPH and ABTS IC50 values were 28.38 ± 0.84 µg/ml and 29.92 ± 3.05 µg/ml, respectively. In contrast, the young fruit exhibited the highest TP (56.85 ± 1.08 mg/g GAE) and TF (8.45 ± 0.65 mg QE). Our findings additionally suggested that ripened fruit was a good source of nutrients, such as soluble sugar (SS; 12.34 ± 0.76%) and vitamin C (21.88 ± 2.73 mg/g).

A novel fucoxanthin enriched seaweed gummy: Physicochemical qualities and protective effect on UVB-induced retinal müller cells

Retinal disease has become the major cause of visual impairment and vision loss worldwide. Carotenoids, which have the potential antioxidant and eye-care activities, have been widely used in functional foods. Our previous study showed that fucoxanthin could exert photoprotective activity in UVB-induced retinal müller cells (RMCs). To extend the application of fucoxanthin in food industry, fucoxanthin, Undaria pinnatifida pulp (UPP), carrageenan, and other ingredients were mixed to prepare seaweed-flavoured photoprotective gummies in this study. The structural and functional properties of the gummies were then evaluated by physicochemical test and cell experiments. As a result, fucoxanthin enriched gummies presented favourable structural properties and flavour. The hydroxyl groups in fucoxanthin and κ-carrageenan are bonded through hydrogen bonds, forming the spatial network structure inside the gummies, enhancing its elasticity. The gummies showed significant antioxidant effect and alleviated the UVB oxidation damage in RMCs. Moreover, the main ingredients carrageenan and UPP improved the stability of fucoxanthin during in vitro digestion. The results enhance the application of fucoxanthin in functional food with photoprotective activity.

Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa extract: phytochemical analysis and revealing antimicrobial and antioxidant marvels

The growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance endangers both human and animal life, necessitating the urgent discovery of novel antimicrobial solutions. Medicinal plants hold promise as sources of potential antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents and microbicidal capabilities of the ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa (black seed). Gas chromatography analysis (GC) identified 11 compounds, among them thymoquinone, and thymol, contributing to antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated notable inhibition zones against broad spectra of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, and Bacillus subtilis, along with potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, and Candida albicans. Notably, when combined with antibiotics, the extract displayed exceptional synergistic antimicrobial efficacy. The black seed extract demonstrated membrane-damaging activity and disrupted virulence factors that protect microbes from antimicrobial agents, including the formation of bacterial biofilm and protease secretion. Thymoquinone, the primary active constituent of the extract, exhibited similar antimicrobial and ant virulence properties. In silico analysis targeting key regulators of quorum sensing and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa, such as RhlG, LasR, and PqsR, showed a remarkable affinity of thymol and thymoquinone for these targets. Moreover, the N. sativa extract exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against both the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania tropica parasites, hinting at potential antiparasitic activity. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, the extract displayed potential antioxidant activity at a concentration of 400 μg/mL.

GC–MS based metabolomic profiling of Aporosa cardiosperma (Gaertn.) Merr. leaf extracts and evaluating its therapeutic potential

Aporosa cardiosperma is a plant species majorly found in the Indian Western Ghats that belongs to the phyllanthaceae family with ethnobotanical importance. Using a Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) for evaluating leaf extracts of A. cardiosperma, significant functional groups and metabolite constituents were determined, and its total flavonoid, phenol, and tannin content were quantified. Further, its antibacterial efficacy was investigated against microorganisms that cause fish and human disease and are resistant to common antibiotics, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regarding the outcomes of GC–MS analysis, the primary metabolites in the A. cardiosperma leaf extracts were heneicosane (57.06%), silane (13.60%), 1-heptadecene (10.09%), 3-hexadecene (9.99%), and pentadecane (9.54%). In comparison to other solvents, methanolic extract of A. cardiosperma leaves had increased phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content; these findings are consistent with in vitro antioxidant potential and obtained that the methanolic extract (100 µg/mL) exhibited the higher percentage of inhibition in DPPH (82.35%), FRAP (86.20%), metal chelating (72.32%), and ABTS (86.06%) antioxidant assays respectively. Similar findings were found regarding the antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria. Comparatively, to other extracts, methanolic extracts showed more significant antibacterial activity at a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (250 µg/mL), whilst ethyl acetate and hexane solvent extracts of A. cardiosperma leaves had higher MIC values 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL respectively. The antimicrobial potential was validated by investigating bacterial growth through the extracts acquired MICs and sub-MICs range. Bacterial growth was completely inhibited at the determined MIC range. In conclusion, A. cardiosperma leaf extract's phytochemical fingerprint has been determined, and its potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities were discovered. These findings of the current study will pave the way for developing herbal treatments from A. cardiosperma for various fish and human diseases.

Metabolic profiling and enzyme inhibitory activity of the essential oil of citrus aurantium fruit peel

BackgroundBitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is a fruiting shrub native to tropical and subtropical countries around the world and cultivated in many regions due to its nutraceutical value. The current study investigated the metabolic profiling and enzyme inhibitory activities of volatile constituents derived from the C. aurantium peel cultivated in Egypt by three different extraction methods.MethodsThe volatile chemical constituents of the peel of C. aurantium were isolated using three methods; steam distillation (SD), hydrodistillation (HD), and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and then were investigated by GC-MS. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by different assays such as DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating potential. Moreover, the effect of enzyme inhibition of the three essential oils was tested using BChE, AChE, tyrosinase, glucosidase, as well as amylase assays.ResultsA total of six compounds were detected by GC/MS analysis. The major constituent obtained by all three extraction methods was limonene (98.86% by SD, 98.68% by HD, and 99.23% by MAHD). Differences in the composition of the compounds of the three oils were observed. The hydrodistillation technique has yielded the highest number of compounds, notably two oxygenated monoterpenes: linalool (0.12%) and α-terpineol acetate (0.1%).ConclusionIn our study differences in the extraction methods of C. aurantium peel oils resulted in differences in the oils’ chemical composition. Citrus essential oils and their components showed potential antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimelanogenesis, and antidiabetic activities. The presence of linalool and α-terpineol acetate may explain the superior activity observed for the oil isolated by HD in both radical scavenging and AChE inhibition assays, as well as in the enzyme inhibition assays.

Impact of altitudinal variation on secondary metabolites, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential of Adiantum venustum D. Don

Phytoconstituents are being emphasized as chemotherapeutic agents, as well as probable anticancer agents. The purpose of the present research was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of crude ethanolic extracts and bioactive fractions of Adiantum venustum D. Don collected from three sites in Himachal Pradesh, India. The bioactive phytoconstituents were examined qualitatively and quantitatively in crude ethanolic extracts and fractions of all sites, and biological activities were analyzed. The potential presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids was examined, and it came to light that BF-II [n-butanol fraction of Site-II (2000 m altitude)] had a significantly higher phytochemical concentration. Additionally, the crude ethanolic extracts and fractions were examined for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and BF-II was found to have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as verified by the IC50 values (lowest half inhibitory concentration) in the DPPH (57.86 ± 0.72 μg/mL), reducing power assay (45.20 ± 0.72 μg/mL), FRAP (73.12 ± 0.23 μM Fe equivalent), BSA (56.76 ± 0.25 μg/mL), and EAA (EAA59.84 ± 0.13 μg/mL). Following that, the anticancer potential was investigated further using the MTT assay on the HeLa cell line, MTT assay revealed that BF-II possesses significantly higher anticancer potential. Furthermore, the dominant crude ethanolic extract and fraction were further investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and high-performance thin layer chromatography techniques from the selected plant. Overall, the study suggests that the n-butanol fraction of A. venustum possesses significantly higher therapeutic value but is still not explored to the extent of its potential.

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid-Based Delivery of Astaxanthin Suppresses Chondrocyte Pyroptosis and Modulates Oxidative Stress for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Worldwide, osteoarthritis (OA) is regarded as the most widespread, distressing, and limiting chronic disease that affects degenerative joints. Currently, there is no treatment available to modify the progression of OA. The pathogenesis of OA is significantly linked with oxidative stress and pyroptosis. Astaxanthin (Ast) is a natural ketocarotenoid pigment with potent antioxidant activity and is shown to effectively alleviate cartilage damage in OA. However, its bioavailability is greatly limited due to poor water solubility, high sensitivity to light, temperature, and pH. In this study, Ast-loaded tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) or tFNA/Ast complexes (TAC) for Ast delivery are developed. Compared with free Ast and tFNA alone, TAC exhibits improved drug stability and cellular uptake. Most importantly, TAC effectively protects chondrocytes against oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis while promoting extracellular matrix anabolism by chondrocytes, and ultimately alleviates cartilage damage in a mouse destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model. Thus, TAC holds great promise for the treatment of OA patients.

Protective effect of honokiol on cadmium-induced liver injury in chickens

Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal in the environment, poses a significant threat to livestock and poultry farming. Honokiol (HNK), a Chinese herbal extract with potent antioxidant activity, acts through oxidative damage and inflammation. Cd induces oxidative stress and causes liver damage in animals. However, whether HNK can alleviate Cd-induced liver injury in chickens and its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the 48 chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups, control group, Cd group (70 mg/kg Cd), HNK group (200 mg/kg HNK) and Cd + HNK group (70 mg/kg Cd+200 mg/kg HNK). Results showed that HNK improved the Cd induced reduction in chicken body weight, liver weight, and liver coefficient. HNK recovered the Cd induced liver damaged through increased serum liver biochemical indexes, impaired liver oxidase activity and the disordered the expression level of antioxidant genes. HNK alleviated Cd induced pathological and ultrastructure damage of liver tissue and liver cell that leads apoptosis. HNK decreased Cd contents in the liver, Cd induced disturbances in the levels of trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium. HNK attenuated the damage to the gap junction structure of chicken liver cells caused by Cd and reduced the impairment of oxidase activity and the expression level of antioxidant genes induced by Cd. In conclusion, HNK presents essential preventive measures and a novel pharmacological potential therapy against Cd induced liver injury. Our experiments show that HNK can be used as a new green feed additive in the poultry industry, which provides a theoretical basis for HNK to deal with the pollution caused by Cd in the poultry industry.

DMF-DMA catalyzed Synthesis, molecular docking, in-vitro, in-silico design, and binding free energy studies of novel thiohydantoin derivatives as antioxidant and antiproliferative agents targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase and aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme

A set of novels 2-thiohydantoin derivatives were synthesized and enaminone function was discussed at position 5 using DMFDMA catalyst which result in formation of pyrazole, isoxazole, benzoxazepine by using reagents such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine and 2-aminothiophenol. These newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. In vitro studies on the effect of 2-thiohydantoin on scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) confirmed the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of 2-thiohydantoin. The synthesized compounds show significant antioxidant activity. The in vitro antitumor activity of 2-thiohydantoin on MCF7 (breast) and PC3 cells (prostate) was evaluated using MTT assay. Some of the synthesized compounds show significant to moderate antiproliferative properties compared to reference drug erlotinib. Among all, compound 4a exhibit potent antitumor properties against MCF7 and PC3 cancer cell lines with IC50 = 2.53 ± 0.09 /ml & with IC50 = 3.25 ± 0.12 µg/ml respectively and has potent antioxidant activity with IC50 = 10.04 ± 0.49 µg/ml.

Investigation of in vitro biological activity of young Hordeum vulgare leaf in correlation with its bioactive compounds.

Young shoots of cereals are widely regarded as superfoods with health benefits attributed to their potential antioxidant activity and antioxidant-related effects (e.g. anticancer). The current study aimed to examine the chemical characteristics of Hordeum vulgare methanolic and aqueous extracts and assess their antioxidant activity using the DDPH and ORAC. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase was screened. TLC bioautography was employed to determine the polarity of the compounds present in the extracts that exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity. Total flavonoid content of the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 0.14mgQE/g and 0.012mgQE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was found to be more potent, with a value of 0.97 ± 0.13mmolTE/g than the aqueous extract which had no activity. This study presents novel findings on the xanthine inhibitory activity of H. vulgare. The methanolic extract demonstrated moderate inhibition of xanthine oxidase with a value of 23.24%. The results of our study were compared with the phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of Triticum aestivum, and further comparison was made with the data reported in the literature. Inconsistencies were observed in the chemical and pharmacological properties of H. vulgare, which could be a result of using herbal material harvested in different vegetative phases and various methods used for extraction. The findings of our study indicate that the timing of the harvest and extraction method may play crucial role in attaining the optimal phytochemical composition of H. vulgare, hence enhancing its pharmacological activity.

Dereplication of 4-Quinolone Alkaloids from Waltheria Indica (Malvaceae) Tissues Using Molecular Network Tools.

Waltheria indica (Malvaceae) is a plant popularly used in folk medicine by traditional African and indigenous communities, and in various countries worldwide, to treat general inflammation. Several biological activities of this plant have been reported, including acetylcholinesterase inhibition and potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antinociceptive, analgesic, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The chemical profile of Waltheria indica was assessed by dereplication analysis using UPLC-MS/MS, and data acquisition was performed using chemoinformatics tools, such as Mass Spectrometry-Data Independent AnaLysis (MS-DIAL) and MS-FINDER softwares. The preprocessed data were sent to the GNPS to build a feature-based molecular network (FBMN). Thirty-three 4-quinolone alkaloids were annotated in the extracts and fractions of stems and roots, whereas 12 were annotated in the extracts and fractions of flowers and leaves. This represents an inaugural chemical investigation study employing UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, along with a molecular network approach, within this species and genus.

Development of multifunctional chitosan-based composite film loaded with tea polyphenol nanoparticles for strawberry preservation

Incorporating polysaccharide-based composite films with nanobiotechnology offers a new strategy for food preservation. This study initially focuses on the preparation of tea polyphenol nanoparticles (TPNP), novel and derived from natural antibacterial agents, which serve to improve stability. Afterwards chitosan-based composite films loaded with TPNP (CTN film) were developed using solution casting method. The incorporation of TPNP significantly improved the UV/water/oxygen barrier properties, mechanical properties and thermal stability, alongside notable physical properties including water contact angle (93.65 ± 0.04°), low water vapor permeability (33.72 ± 3.32 g/m2h) and oxygen permeability (0.11 ± 0.02 g/m2h), tensile strength (61.83 ± 0.70 %), and elongation at break (31.60 ± 6.12 %). The CTN film not only exhibited exceptional biodegradability and nontoxicity, but also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, it showcased potent antioxidant activity, boasting DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates up to 89.25 ± 0.18 % and 93.84 ± 0.42 %. The CTN film was successfully formed on the surface of strawberries through dip-coating process and their shelf life was extended from 4 to 6 days at 20 °C without side-effect on the weight loss, harness, pH and total soluble solids, illustrating its potential for enhancing food preservation.

Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity analysis of three Maillard glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates from chicken, porcine and bovine

Bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides) derived from byproduct of animal product processing have been used to produce commercially valuable products due to their potential antioxidant activity. Maillard glycosylated reaction is considered as a promising method to enhance the antioxidant activity of peptides. Hence, this research aims at investigating the Maillard glycosylation activity and antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates from different sources. In this study, 3 glycosylated bone collagen hydrolysates were prepared and characterized, and cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity were analyzed and evaluated. The free amino groups loss, browning intensity, and fluorescence intensity of G-Cbcp (glycosylated chicken bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides)) were the heaviest, followed by G-Pbcp (glycosylated porcine bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides)) and G-Bbcp (glycosylated bovine bone collagen hydrolysates (peptides)). The results of amino acid analysis showed that amino acid composition of different bone collagen hydrolysates was significantly different and the amino acid decreased to different degrees after Maillard glycosylated reaction, which may lead to differences in Maillard glycosylated reaction activity. Furthermore, the 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed no significant cytotoxicity. The results showed that glycosylation process significantly increased the antioxidant activity of bone collagen hydrolysates, and G-Cbcp showed the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by G-Pbcp and G-Bbcp. Therefore, compared with the bone collagen hydrolysates, 3 glycosylated hydrolysates showed significant characteristic and structural changes, and higher antioxidant activity.