Potato Starch Factory Research Articles

Fertilisation with potato starch wastewater effect on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in Poland

Fertilisation is often used to increase plant productivity in agriculture but has also been used in forestry. In our study, Scots pine forest growing in a nitrogen-poor environment was fertilised with NPK post-production wastewater from a potato starch factory. Our research aimed to investigate the dependence of tree growth on different NPK concentrations. Cell characteristics such as cell wall thickness (CWT), lumen diameter (LD) and tree-ring features such as ring width (RW), total number of cells in annual growth (nTotal), earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) were investigated. Twenty-six years of regular fertilisation of the forest with different doses of wastewater rich in NPK elements have affected the anatomical structure of Scots pine trees. It is presumed that the reduction in CWT and LD on the fertilised site was due to deficiencies in plant water conductivity, which may have occurred due to physiological drought. The influence of nitrogen on unfertilised site from the wastewater area could contribute to the CWT thickening. The results confirm that the use of NPK in excessive doses is detrimental to trees' conductive system.

Mixed-culture polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production integrated into a food-industry effluent biological treatment: A pilot-scale evaluation

Production of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) biomass for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production was integrated into the wastewater treatment (WWT) of a potato-starch factory. A pilot-scale on-site evaluation was conducted over ten months, with inherent water quality variations including organic composition, temperature, and pH. The wastewater was rich in acetate and the organic matter content fluctuated from 50 to 90 % with respect to volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The PHA accumulation potential (PAP) of the surplus biomass, nevertheless, remained from 0.40 to 0.70 gPHA/gVSS. Biomass PAP characteristics were benchmarked at both pilot and laboratory scales using different feedstocks and accumulation methods. The resultant co-polymer type could be readily shifted by changes in feedstock VFA content. Selected polymer batches were recovered at pilot scale as commercial-quality prototype materials for development of PHA-based wood-fibre composites. WWT performance with 98 % organic contaminant removal remained consistent throughout. The good settleability of the pilot-scale biomass was in contrast to the poorly settleable biomass from the factory’s full-scale activated sludge. Metered nitrogen and phosphorus addition ensured stable WWT without major nitrification levels. Successful robust outcomes of both feast-famine selection principles and WWT can be translated and integrated into the full-scale WWT by a proposed adaptation to existing infrastructure. Analogous aerobic feast enrichment is proposed to be achievable with continuous or intermittent flow through a process selector/zone. This pilot-scale experience under actual field conditions of industrial WWT provides further evidence for the technical viability to produce biomass for PHA production while maintaining standards in effluent water quality.

Simplified recovery of enzymes and nutrients in sweet potato wastewater and preparing health black tea and theaflavins with scrap tea

The industry discards generous organic wastewater in sweet potato starch factory and scrap tea in tea production. A simplified procedure to recover all biochemicals from the wastewater of sweet potato starch factory and use them to make health black tea and theaflavins from scrap green tea was developed. The sweet potato wastewater was sequentially treated by isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to recover polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-amylase, and small molecular fractions, respectively. The PPO fraction can effectively transform green tea extracts into black tea with high content of theaflavins through the optimized fed-batch feeding fermentation. The PPO transformed black tea with sporamins can be used to make health black tea, or make theaflavins by fractionation with ethyl acetate. This work provides a resource- and environment-friendly approach for economically utilizing the sweet potato wastewater and the scrap tea, and making biochemical, nutrient and health products.

English

A large amount of wastewater is discharged from potato starch factories in Hokkaido, Japan. The wastewater contains residual potato constituents such as protein, which are named potato fruit juice (PFJ). A powerful stench is generated from PFJ by anaerobic fermentation. In this study, the isoelectric precipitation technique was applied to recover the potato protein from PFJ. Protein recovery from PFJ by acid isoelectric precipitation at pH 3.0 or less reached 80%. PFJ post-protein recovery at pH 3.0 does not produce a powerful stench. Potato protein recovered from PFJ by acid treatment is a useful feed resource. The PFJ in potato starch factory is a potentially promising resource for the production of potato protein. Wastewater from potato starch factories does not have to be waste or a source of powerful stench, it can be a valuable resource.

Large-scale extraction of rhamnogalacturonan I from industrial potato waste

Potato pulp is rich in dietary fibres and is an underutilised material produced in large quantities by the potato starch factories. Potato fibres are especially rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). RG I is a pectic polysaccharide with a high degree of branching and until now undegraded RG I has only been extracted in small amounts limiting the application possibilities for RG I. The present paper describes a large-scale extraction process providing large quantities of undegraded RG I readily available. The extraction process includes enzymatic starch removal using purified Termamyl, enzymatic RG I solubilisation using a highly purified polygalacturonase, and finally purification using depth filtration and ultrafiltration. The extracted RG I has a high molecular weight and a monosaccharide composition comparable to RG I extracted by analytical extraction procedures. The large amount of RG I available by the presented method allows for thorough structure–function analyses and tailoring of RG I to specific functionalities.

Current Status and Treatment of the Potato Starch Factory Effluent

Current Status and Treatment of the Potato Starch Factory Effluent

Treatment of Deproteinized Waste Water from Potato Starch Factory by a Membrane-combined Two-phase Methane Fermentation System

Treatment of Deproteinized Waste Water from Potato Starch Factory by a Membrane-combined Two-phase Methane Fermentation System

Production of High Concentration Glucose-1-Phosphate by Immobilized Phosphorylase

The continuous production of Glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) using immobilized potato phosphorylase was investigated. Potato phosphorylase was immobilized on a strongly basic anion-exchange resin, HPA-25 through contact of the resin with potato juice or wastewater of a potato-starch factory. The immobilization was highly selective for phosphorylase among proteins contained in potato juice and the wastewater. The immobilized phosphorylase could be used for the continuous G-1-P production over one year without significant deactivation. By using a 100-L column reactor packed with immobilized phosphorylase of 14.1 U·mL-carrier–1 at the superficial linear velocity of 0.034 m·h–1 and the space velocity of 3.1 × 10–9 m3·U–1·h–1, 185 mM G-1-P, which is the maximum concentration potentially expected from 516 mM dextrin and 2000 mM phosphate, was continuously produced.

Nitrification-denitrification of UASB effluents highly loaded with nitrogen in an activated sludge reactor operated with short cycled aeration

A conventional activated sludge reactor operated with short cycled aeration was used for total nitrogen removal of UASB anaerobic reactor effluent containing nitrogen (up to 1,200 mg NKT/L) and organic matter (up to 2,000 mg COD/L). Initially the reactor was fed with synthetic water to progressively introduce the UASB effluent. This favored the acclimation of the microorganisms to the real environment. The results obtained throughout this study showed that initially the tested technology is feasible and can report significant cuts on operation and maintenance when compared to conventional activated sludge processes. Total nitrogen removal up to 66% was attained treating the effluent of an UASB process designed for treating the wastewater of a potato starch factory. Total nitrogen removal capacities ranging between 0.1 and 0.58 kg of nitrogen per cubic metre per day are reported. Short-cycled aeration allowed for a more efficient use of the oxygen supply for nitrification and the organic carbon content present in the wastewater for denitrification. This operating protocol has demonstrated serious advantages in terms of operation costs and simplicity when total nitrogen removal is wanted. Most of the existing activated sludge processes, i.e. single continuous flow reactors, can be updated for total nitrogen removal essentially at no cost, the inversion (aeration control system) is rapidly returned as reduction in energy expenditure.

New operational strategy for SBR technology for total nitrogen removal from industrial wastewaters highly loaded with nitrogen

The present work deals with the upgrading of conventional Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) technology for treating industrial wastewater. The aim is to obtain total nitrogen removal in a single SBR by implementing short aeration cycles. The operational strategy of conventional SBR consisting of a sequence of five phases (filling, aeration, stirring, settling and withdrawing) is simplified into a four phases sequence (filling, short cycled aeration, settling and withdrawing). This operational sequence has been proven to be adequate for total nitrogen removal from high strength wastewater containing nitrogen (up to 700 mg TKN/L) and organic matter (up to 2,000 mg COD/L). Short-cycled aeration allowed for a more efficient use of the oxygen supply for nitrification and the organic carbon content present in the wastewater for denitrification. The results here reported show that initially the tested technology is feasible and can report significant cuts in operation and maintenance when compared with conventional SBR processes. Total nitrogen removal up to 79% was attained treating the effluent of an UASB process designed for treating the wastewater of a potato starch factory. Total nitrogen removal capacities ranging between 0.2 and 0.65 kg of nitrogen per cubic metre per day are reported.

Biological treatment of potato-starch wastewater – design and application of an aerobic selector

The effluent of a potato-starch factory is separately treated in a two-stage activated sludge plant. The occurrence of bulking sludge in the second biological stage due to excessive growth of type 021N was repeatedly observed. The installation of an aerobic selector, consisting of three cascades, prior to the aeration tank of the second stage, where the return sludge and all the influents flow together, has been effective in improving the SVI to values below 150 ml/g. The design procedure was carried out in accordance with Prendl's work, with a simple calculation method based on findings derived from aerobic treatment of sugar mill wastewater.

馬鈴薯でん粉生産工程の解析とその改善 （第３報） 馬鈴薯でん粉生産工程の改善と生産方程式

In this paper, it is shown that the amount of drains from a flume, a decanter and a separator, and BOD loading of waste water at a potato starch factory can be calculated by using a potato starch product equation which is derived from the proposed method in our previous paper. Combination of the potato starch product equation based on the four element method and the rasping ratio of potato tuber is applied for operating the potato starch plant. lt is confirmed that the state of the plant operation is grasped at a glance by using the proposed method. Optimizing water separation of wet pulp is also discussed for improvement of the production process.

Detection of filamentous and nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge with 16S rRNA probes

Activated sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants from potato starch and starch derivatives factory and from a municipal sewage treatment plant were analyzed with DNA probes specific for several filamentous bacteria. It was found that Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Sphaerotilus natans, Thiothrix sp. and Eikelboom Type 021N were common in the activated sludges. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis could detect more types of sheathed bacteria and yielded a more accurate quantification of bacteria than conventional microscopy. In a pilot and a full scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) clear correlations were found between the SVI and growth of a Sphaerotilus natans and a Thiothrix sp. Addition of chlorine to the bulking sludge resulted in an improved SVI of the sludge but only damaged filamentous cells outside the floc. Nitrification was measured with substrate depletion and FISH analysis. Signal interpretation of FISH analysis was demonstrated both manually and with automated image analysis.

Clostridium acetireducens sp. nov., a Novel Amino Acid-Oxidizing, Acetate-Reducing Anaerobic Bacterium

Strain 30AT (T = type strain), which was isolated from an anaerobic bioreactor fed on waste from a potato starch factory in De Krim, The Netherlands, is a nonmotile, gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped organism that is able to degrade various amino acids, including alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, serine, and threonine. Acetate is required as an electron acceptor for the utilization of alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Other growth substrates, including pyruvate, α-ketobutyrate, α-ketoisocaproate, α-keto-3-methylvalerate, α-ketoisovalerate, and peptone, are intermediates in amino acid catabolism. Strain 30AT utilizes neither the branched-chain amino acids nor alanine via interspecies hydrogen transfer with methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria or via the Stickland reaction with proline or glycine as an electron acceptor. No growth occurs with the following electron acceptors: fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfite, sulfate, and oxygen. Yeast extract is required for growth. Sugars are not degraded. The optimal temperature and optimal pH for growth are 39 to 43°C and 6.4 to 7.6, respectively. The results of a 16S rRNA sequence analysis phylogenetically placed strain 30AT in Clostridium group I (genus Clostridium sensu stricto), where it forms a new and distinct line of descent.

Determination of the Botanical Origin of Starches Using Iodine Reaction and Fuzzy Set Theory

AbstractThe method of spectrophotometric titration (vȧriant B) of strach polysaccharides with iodine (determination of the extinction of the starch‐iodine complex at two iodine concentrations and four wavelengths, 714nm, 625nm, 555nm and 500nm) is used to obtain 6 R parameters (measured value quotient from two wavelengths) and 6 D parameters (difference of the R parameter at the two iodine concentrations). These parameters are distinguishable depending on the botanical source of the starch. In order to assess the R and D parameters, the scaled measured values of 11 standards (potato, tapioca, pea, bean, maize, wheat, wheat‐B, rye, barley, oat and rice starches) were changed in three linguistical variables “small”, “middle” and “large” and for every starch a IF/THAN rule was formulated. Using a software, which allows the linguistical data to be converted according to the principle of fuzzy set theory and a computer program BOTSTA was devised. The fuzzy sets obtained with this program are dependent on the botanical origin. The program BOTSTA was tested in four German potato starch factories and six european maize starch factories.

Large-Scale Anaerobic/Aerobic Treatment Plants for Wastewaters from a Molasses Distillery, a Pectin Factory, and Starch Factories

The operating data and problems of four large-scale anaerobic-aerobic wastewater treatment plants are described. Three of these plants, treating wastewaters from a molasses distillery, a wheat-starch factory, and a potato-starch factory, use fixed-film methane reactors as the anaerobic stage. Two of these reactors are filled with packed blocks of plastic material (well known from aerobic trickling filters) with a specific surface area of 150 m2/m3. The fixed-film methane reactors in the potato-starch factory use lava slag as the support media. The companies concerned produced wastewaters which fluctuate greatly in quality and quantity. To guarantee stable degradation and high COD removal, equalizing tanks and low design rates are very important. Some of the wastewaters need additional dosing of trace elements to achieve satisfactory COD removal. All full-scale experience has shown that external anaerobic sludge retention, even when using the fixed-film reactors, is important for the anaerobic system.

Anaerobic purification of waste water from a potato-starch producing factory

The waste water of the potato-starch factory of the AVEBE in De Krim (The Netherlands) passed, during the anaerobic purification, a sedimentation pond, a first upflow reactor (in which there was practically no sludge retention) and a UASB methane reactor. The fermentation of free-amino acids and smaller peptides occurred in the sedimentation pond and first reactor. Proteins and longer peptides were degraded in the first reactor and in the methane reactor. The decrease in COD and TOC content of the waste water between influent sedimentation pond and effluent methane reactor was 83 and 71%, respectively. In the effluent of the first reactor, 60% of the inorganic sulfur was present as sulfide.

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater of a potato-starch factory

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater of a potato-starch factory

国内産バレイショでんぷんの理化学的諸性質とそれらの相互作用について

Most of potato starches are produced in Hokkaido prefecture in Japan. Some physicochemical properties of potato starches produced in 17 representative potato starch factories in Hokkaido were investigated. The values in each properties and the Gorrelations among rheological properties of starch pastes and gels, average size of starch granule and mineral contents were calculated. It was found that (1) maximum viscosity in amylograms was closely connected with dynamic viscosity of pastes, Young's modules of gels and potassium content, (2) average size of starch granule had close relationships to dynamic modulus of pastes, Young's modulus and strain ratio of gels, and (3) phosphorus content had relatively high relation to breaking strength of gels.

バレイショでん粉工場廃液の耕地還元

バレイショでん粉工場廃液の耕地還元