Potato Clones Research Articles

Potential of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) for gold phytomining from mercury amalgamation tailings

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) generally use mercury amalgamation method to recover gold from the ores. The method leaves waste or tailing that still contain gold and other metals. The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of ten sweet potato clones to recover gold from mercury amalgamation tailing. The pot experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from February to May 2019. The Mercury amalgamation tailing that used in this study collected from ASGM in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. All experimental plants were harvested after 11 weeks, below-ground and above-ground part biomass were separated, washed and weighed. The results showed that there were no significant differences of gold concentration in 10 clones of sweet potato. According to a bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value, seven sweet potato clones have value above 1 and considered as potential gold accumulators, which is MZ332, MZ154, MZ119, Kriting Maja, 14 (84), Rancing and 44(41); meanwhile based on translocation factor (TF) value, only one sweet potato clone that is MZ119 has value above 1 so that classified as phytoextraction potential.

Selection of potato clones derived from seed tubers for nutritional efficiency to phosphorus

To develop agricultural systems that produce more food with limited availability of phosphorus (P) it is necessary to explore the genetic variability of plants and select potato clones that are more efficient at P use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of four potato clones for P nutritional efficiency in closed off-soil growing system using native soil as substrate. Therefore, seed tubers from the four potato clones (Asterix, Atlantic, SMIC 148-A and SMINIA 793101-3) were planted in plastic pots with native soil as a substrate, where the treatments consisted of two levels of P (0.025 and 0.11g kg-1 KH2PO4). 52 days after planting, the concentration of P in the shoot, the shoot and the total dry mass, the rooting efficiency, P absorption, P translocation and use of P were evaluated. SMIC 148 -A is the clone that most concentrates P in the shoot and that produces more total dry mass under low P, while SMINIA 793101-3 is the most efficient clone in the absorption and translocation of P under low nutrient level, however, the Asterix and Atlantic clones showed greater efficiency in the use of P

Performance of superior potato clones under high and mild temperatures in tropical climate

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a cool weather crop and one of the most important vegetables in the world, which is cultivated in temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. Nearly all cultivated areas in Brazil use cultivars from temperate countries, resulting in lower performances particularly due to higher temperatures. The aim of this study was to identify clones that yielded better than foreign cultivars, both under high and mild temperature conditions. The study assessed 57 clones from the potato breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil, and five check cultivars (Agata, Asterix, Atlantic, Cupido, and Markies). We evaluated the agronomic performance using the total and marketable tuber yield, dry matter content (DM), season length, and external tuber quality, in four experiments designing in a random complete block, during the seasons 2014 and 2015. The genotypes' stability, as well as the discrimination between environments, was performed using the GGE‐Biplot method. Twenty heat‐tolerant clones responded favorably to mild temperatures. This breeding program has generated clones more productive and better looking than commercial cultivars, for the different market segments: two for the fresh market (GMR 17‐40; GMR 12‐10), four for frozen French fries (CBM 07‐78; CTB 03‐02; GMR 15‐42; SR2 35‐05) and seven for potato chips (CBM 16‐16; SR1 07‐16; GMR 03‐58; SR3 19‐24; SR2 57‐02; SR1 04‐06; SR3 32‐04).

Genetic diversity and population structure of advanced clones selected over forty years by a potato breeding program in the USA

Knowledge regarding genetic diversity and population structure of breeding materials is essential for crop improvement. The Texas A&M University Potato Breeding Program has a collection of advanced clones selected and maintained in-vitro over a 40-year period. Little is known about its genetic makeup and usefulness for the current breeding program. In this study, 214 potato clones were genotyped with the Infinium Illumina 22 K V3 Potato Array. After filtering, a total of 10,106 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers were used for analysis. Heterozygosity varied by SNP, with an overall average of 0.59. Three groups of tetraploid clones primarily based on potato market classes, were detected using STRUCTURE software and confirmed by discriminant analysis of principal components. The highest coefficient of differentiation observed between the groups was 0.14. Signatures of selection were uncovered in genes controlling potato flesh and skin color, length of plant cycle and tuberization, and carbohydrate metabolism. A core set of 43 clones was obtained using Core Hunter 3 to develop a sub-collection that retains similar genetic diversity as the whole population, minimize redundancies, and facilitates long-term conservation of genetic resources. The comprehensive molecular characterization of our breeding clone bank collection contributes to understanding the genetic diversity of existing potato resources. This analysis could be applied to other breeding programs and assist in the selection of parents, fingerprinting, protection, and management of the breeding collections.

Growth rate and yield response of several sweet potato clones to reduced inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer

Abstract. Nafi'ah HH, Hindersah R, Mubarok S, Maulana H, Suganda T, Concibido V, Karuniawan A. 2021. Growth rate and yield response of several sweet potato clones to reduced inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer. Biodiversitas 22: 1775-1782. Sweet potato has a high economic value because it is often utilized for staple food and industrial raw materials. Balanced fertilization, including inorganic and biofertilizer, is needed to enhance the production of sweet potatoes. Two-year field experiments conducted at two different agro climates were performed to determine the best response of growth rate and yield of sweet potato to reduced inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer application rates. Three sweet potato clones, Mencrang, Biang, and Rancing, were grown with a combination of inorganic and biological fertilizers in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Results showed that Biang and Rancing have the best response under reduced inorganic and biofertilizer application rate. The application of biofertilizer enabled the reduction of inorganic fertilizer use but still resulted in increased growth rate and tuber yield of potatoes in both locations. However, the application of biofertilizer did not increase the total soluble solids, which is the main indicator of sweetness in sweet potato.

Performance of potato clones for processing in subtropical and high-altitude tropical regions of Brazil

This work evaluated the performance of potato clones for some agronomic and processing traits, in subtropical and high-altitude tropical regions, under conventional and organic production systems. Experiments were conducted in spring of 2017 and 2018 in Canoinhas-SC (subtropical), under the conventional system, and in winter of 2018 and 2019 in Brasília-DF (tropical), Brazil, under conventional and organic systems. Eleven advanced clones and cultivars Agata (fresh), Atlantic (chipping) and Asterix (French fry) were evaluated. RCBD with tree replications was used, and tuber yield and processing traits, plant vigor and cycle were evaluated. It was not possible to select high yielding and good processing quality clones with short cycle and less vigorous plants. It because higher yield and larger tuber size were attained by longer cycle genotypes, which had higher specific gravity, but darker frying color. The most outstanding clones differed with region and production system. For chipping, in the subtropical region, no clone had adequate quality, but in tropical F177-11-20 presented similar processing traits and higher or similar yield to 'Atlantic' in both systems, and also ORG7785 in organic. Comparing with ‘Asterix’, for French fry, in the subtropical region, superior or similar to the standard this cultivarwere F129-10-06 and F163-11-01; while in the tropical region and conventional system, were the clones ORG7785, F129-10-06, F163-11-01, F177-11-20, ORG6464, ORG 6377, F05-11-03, Odone 80-02 and F174-11-01; and in organicsystem, the best cloneswere F54-11-03, ORG7785, F129-10-06, F163-11-01, F177-11-20 and ORG6464.

The complete plastome sequences of nine diploid potato clones

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world’s fourth most important food crop and essential for global food security. The potato chloroplast genomes, the plastomes, are highly conserved and are largely studied for their maternal lineages. In this study, we assembled the complete circular plastome sequences of nine diploid potato clones, with sizes ranging between 155,296 bp and 155,564 bp. Annotation of these plastomes reveals that they each have 141 genes in a similar order. The computational chloroplast DNA typing reveals three plastid DNA types among the nine plastomes and they are grouped according to these types in the phylogeny.

Evaluation of Promising Sweet potato Clones for Higher Root Yield and Dry Matter Content

Dry matter content is one of the important characteristics of sweet potatoes in addition to high yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of promising sweet potato clones for higher root yield and dry matter content. A hundred promising sweet potato clones were evaluated and arranged in randomized block design with two replication. The variables observed included: weight of vine, harvest index, number of root per plot, the weight of root per plot, dry matter content, root yield, root skin color, and flesh color. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference among the tested genotypes in all traits observed. A hundred promising sweet potato clones showed that root yield has varied ranged from 4.88–41.38 t h-1 with an average 20.28 t h-1 and dry matter content ranged from 19.19 – 40.65% with an average 30.47%. Fifteen promising clones of a hundred clones tested had high root yield and dry matter content with varying color flesh.

Selection Indicators of Yield Components and Yield for Improvement of Local Sweet Potato under Water Stress

Genetic diversity is required for crop improvement against environmental stress. Astudy wasconducted to determine characters as selection indicators of water-stress tolerance, and of yield components and yield. The research method involved a one-factor experiment with 21 sweet potato clones, using a Completely Randomized Block design with three replicates. Water stress in this study mean that the bottom of plants was submerged in water at 2 and 3 months of age. Determination of selection indicators was conducted by estimating the coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variations, heritabilities, genetic advance and correlation test result. The characters of number of leaves, individual leaf area, leaf area per plant, leaf area index, stem length, internode length, number of tubers (storage root), individual tuber weight and yieldas selection indicators of water stress tolerance. Selection indicators of yield components consisted of less number of leaves, small leaf size, short stemsand number of branches, whereas selection indicators of yield were small leaf size, number of branches, number of tubers and individual tuber weight. Selection became effective and efficient when the selection indicators were influenced greatly by genetic factors.

Iron concentration of potato and sweetpotato clones as affected by location

Abstract The effect of growing location on the iron concentration of potato and sweetpotato as determined by ICP-MS was evaluated using freeze dried and milled samples from peeled raw potato tubers and sweetpotato roots. Significant variation of the iron concentrations due to genotype (clone or variety), location and genotype × location interaction was found for potato and sweetpotato. However, for potato, the iron concentration levels were mostly attributed to genotype which account for 62.89% of the total variance whereas for sweetpotato the iron concentration levels were mostly attributed to location which account for 76.16% of the total variance. Acidic soils seem to favor the iron absorption by the potato and sweetpotato plant while alkaline soils seem to diminish iron absorption. The mean iron concentration of the potato clones and varieties was higher in Yanamachay and Paltamachay, localities with acidic soils and high organic matter content; and was lower in Tacsana, the locality with the highest pH in the soil, lowest percentage of organic matter and highest proportion of sand. The mean iron concentration of the sweetpotato clones was drastically lower in Huaral, the locality with alkaline soil, than in San Ramon and Pucallpa. A broader and deeper designed study is planned to confirm the results found in this preliminary study.

Efficiency of phosphorus use in potato clones in two contrasting growing seasons

In Rio Grande do Sul the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be grown in fall and spring. However, due to the contrasting weather conditions between these two seasons, which directly influence the growth of plants and the formation of tubers, it is necessary to identify potato clones adapted to such growing conditions. Thus, this work was carried out to characterize the efficiency of P use in potato clones grown in two contrasting seasons, in an off-soil growing system using sand as a substrate. The treatments were combined in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial, consisting of two levels of P in the nutrient solution (2.32 and 23.2 mg P L-1), four potato clones (Asterix, Atlantic, SMIC 148-A and SMINIA 793101-3) and two growing seasons (spring and fall). The number of leaves and tubers per plant, the fresh and dry mass of the tubers, fresh mass of the shoot, P concentration in shoot and tubers, and efficiency of P use were determined. There is a difference between the potato clones in terms of the efficiency of P use in the spring and autumn crops of Rio Grande do Sul. Asterix and SMINIA 793101-3 clones show higher productivity in the spring growing and without P. restriction. SMIC 148-A clone was not influenced by the growing season, as long as the availability of P is not a limiting factor. Atlantic clone shows good production when grown in the fall, regardless of the level of P used

Use of P for three potato clones in soil and in soilless cultivation

The objective of this work was to verify the nutritional efficiency to phosphorus (P) as well as the responses of the use of P for three potato clones in soil and soilless cultivation (semi hydroponic). For this purpose, the Asterix, SMIC 148-A and SMINIA 793101-3 clones were evaluated under high and low P levels in soil growing (70 and 560kg P2O5 ha-1) and in soilless cultivation using sand as substrate (2.32 and 23.2mg P L-1 of nutritive solution). Rooting efficiency, absorption, translocation and use of P, fresh tuber mass, total dry mass and harvest index were evaluated in the clones. Each clone responds differently to the growing systems used in terms of nutritional efficiency for P. In both growing systems, the Asterix, SMIC 148-A and SMINIA 793101-3 clones did not show any increase in the absorption efficiency and in the efficiency of using P to compensate for the low level of P, which may have caused the reduction in total dry mass under low P. The restriction of P causes a reduction in tuber fresh mass for the Asterix and SMINIA 793101-3 clones in the two growing systems tested and for the SMIC 148-A clone only in soilless cultivation. Asterix is the clone with the highest harvest index under low P in the field, even without differing from the others in soilless cultivation

Performance evaluation of potato clones for the central Terai Region of Nepal

A series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of exotic potato clones including PRP lines at research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during the winter seasons of 2017 and 2018. Thirty-nine potato clones were evaluated in initial evaluation trial and eleven clones were evaluated in coordinated varietal trial with check varieties Khumal Ujjwal and Kufri Jyoti. From the initial varietal trial in 2017, the highest tuber yield (21.54 mt/ha) was found in CIP389660.9 followed by CIP391046.14 (21.38 mt/ha). In 2018, the highest tuber yield (29.72 mt/ha) was produced in CIP392759.1 followed by CIP393085.5 (26.92 mt/ha) and CIP391046.14 (26.64 mt/ha). In 2018, the tuber yield was the highest (26.12 mt/ha) in PRP 266265.15 followed by CIP 393371.159 (24.79 mt/ha). In coordinated varietal trial carried out in 2017/18, the highest tuber yield was noted in CIP394600.52 (42.65 mt/ha) followed by CIP395443.103 (30.83 mt/ha) and CIP395445.16 (24.43 mt/ha) respectively. Whereas in 2018/19, the highest yield was produced by PRP266265.15 (26.12 mt/ha) followed by CIP393371.159 (24.79 mt/ha) and CIP 396012.266 (22.66 mt/ha) respectively. In RARS, Parwanipur conditions, CIP 394600.52, CIP 395443.103, CIP 395445.16 and CIP 304394.56 along with PRP 266265.15 were found to be superior to standard check variety. These potential genotypes need to be further verified in farmers field in additional districts of central Terai region before notifying in the national seed system. Adoption of these clones as variety may increase the potato production and improve the food, and nutritional security in the central Terai region of Nepal.

Relationship Among Some Agronomical Characteristics in Potatoes

The purpose of the study was to estimate simple correlation coefficients between morphological and agronomical characteristics of potato clones to be used in the early generations of a potato breeding program to be conducted in the coastal Aegean Region. A total of 21 potato clones and 2 control clones derived from meristem cultures were grown in the seedbeds in 2020. The design of the experiment was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 replications. The trial was planted on March 22, 2020 in the seedbeds in the Department of Field Crops of the Ege University. One single row plot 1.5 m length and 50 cm apart was used and four tubers were grown 30 cm in row spacing. The standard procedures of agricultural practices were applied and the trial was harvested on July 8, 2020. Variances of morphological and agronomical characteristics were obtained by applying variance analysis and controlled with the F test. When the morphological characteristics were evaluated; Clone 177 had highest means for plant height (74.9 cm) and stem number (4.5 number). The highest mean for branch number was obtained Clone 159 such as 10.0. The highest leaves number (73 number) was obtained from Clone 90 Clone 87 had the highest value for leaves length (5.0 cm). When the agronomical characteristics were evaluated; Clone 6/7 gave the highest mean for tuber number (20 number). While Clone 51 (65.6 g) had the highest for single tuber weight; Clone 159 had the highest value in terms of plant yield (795.4 g), plot yield (2.2 kg) and tuber width (4.7 cm). Clone 185 (5.8 cm) had the highest value for tuber length. Since morphological and agronomical characteristics had statistically significant variances, correlation coefficients to show the linear relationship between them were estimated and tested for significance. The following results were obtained: there were significant and positive r correlation coefficient between morphological and agronomical traits such as tuber number and plant yield (0.82), plot yield (0.65), plant height (0.45) between single tuber weight and plant yield (0.52) and plot yield (0.78), plant height (0.58), branch number (0.59). These positive and significant relationships can be used in selections for yield as an early generation test in a potato breeding.

Stability of potato clones resistant to potato virus Y under subtropical conditions

Abstract Brazilian potato production is based on cultivars originating from the USA and Europe; however, these cultivars were developed under different environmental conditions than those found in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of 18 potato clones (MLG), developed by the Universidade Federal de Lavras, and four cultivars in six environments in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following traits were evaluated: marketable tuber yield (MTY), specific gravity (SG), and tuber appearance (TA). Clones, environments, and the genotype × environment interaction had significant effects on all traits. The GGE-biplot explained 71.78, 98.13, and 62.86 % of the sum of squares from the G+G×E for MTY, SG, and TA, respectively. Three MLG clones had higher adaptability and stability, as well as better performance, than the cultivars, making them good candidates for release as cultivars.

Evaluation of Advanced Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Clones for High Tuber yield and Processing Quality in Central Highlands of Ethiopia

AI Publications is an open access peer review international journal to publish the article in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture, Food science, Rural Development, Environment and Health Research, Chemistry, Mathematics,Physics.

Processing Attributes and Chips Quality of Promising Potato Clones under Different Slice Treatments in Bhaktapur, Nepal

A study was conducted to evaluate processing attributes of different potato clones (genotype) and their effect in chips quality in combination with different potato slice treatments in Bhaktapur, Nepal from January to April 2018. Six potato clones (PRP 35861.18, CIP 384866.5, PRP226267.11, CIP 388676.1, PRP 858676.1 and Desiree) were allocated in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Significant variation among the potato clones was found with respect to dry matter and reducing sugar content. PRP 858676.1 showed the highest dry matter whereas the lowest reducing sugar content was with CIP 384866.5. Variation in specific gravity and total soluble solidwas not found statistically significant. Chips were prepared in two factorial design with 3 replications, following the protocol of National Potato Research Program. First factor was potato clones and the second factor was slice treatments viz; cold water, 0.5% NaCl solution and warm water at 45ºC. This study revealed significant variation in chips colour, taste & flavour, crispiness, overall acceptability and recovery percent. Clone CIP 388676.1 with slices treated with cold water produced best quality chips while highest recovery percent was given by PRP 858676.1 treated with warm water at 45ºC. Superior quality of chips was obtained with CIP 388676.1 followed by Desiree, CIP 384866.5 and PRP 858676.1. Thus, potato clones CIP 388676.1, Desiree, CIP 384866.5 and PRP 858676.1 needs further evaluation for chips quality and slice treatment with cold water should be recommended for good quality chips production.

NEW POTATO BREEDING CLONES FOR REGIONAL TESTING IN WESTERN TURKEY

Crosses were made between 4 potato genotypes and the registered variety Nif in 2015. The F1 seeds obtained from these crosses were grown in pots in the greenhouse to obtain potato clones. The clones selected were grown in seedbeds in 2016 and clones with high yield and tuber number were selected. Selected clones were grown in the field and selection was applied for high yield and yield components. The results obtained could be summarized as followings:
 There were significant variation among the clones and some of them had higher yield than that of the control genotypes. The following 20 clones were selected for the regional yield trials: 3, 21, 184, 185, 194, 195, 196, 202, 204 (Agria x Nif); 89, 90 (6/7 Clone x Nif); 205 (Juwel x Nif) and 153, 159, 160, 163, 164, 174, 176, 177 (Bettina x Nif).

Nutritional Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Seven Sweet Potato Cultivars and Clones (Ipomoea batatas L.)

The current work aims to evaluate the yield of sweet potato clones which suitable for human and animal feeding and compare it with local cultivar, in addition to determine the antioxidant activity and active ingredients in different sweet potato cultivar. Two years of field trials 2018 and 2019 were achieved at the Research Farm, Sids Horticulture Research Station, ARC. Twenty-six property (8 vegetative criteria) and 18 chemical constituents were evaluated. Dark orange-fleshed Beauregard recorded the highest values for many vegetative properties and chemical constituents such as the number of branches/plant, total marketable yield (kg/plot), total yield, total starch, inulin, and secondary metabolites. From the results, it can use Beauregard, Abees, SP1 and SP4 as a source of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids (TPCs conc. 25.75 – 122.17 mg/g in skin extract, 25.42 – 52.33 mg/g in flesh extract and TFs conc. 8.33 – 106.15 µg/g in skin extract, 6.22 – 61.81 µg/g in flesh extract) among the various sweet potato sample extracts. The order of antioxidant activity of the clone extracts was found to be in the skin extract as follows, Beauregard > Sp1 > Sp2 and in the flesh extracts as follows, Beauregard > Abees at high concentration of extract (50 μg/ml) However, Beauregard skin extract showed the highest FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential) value (922.43 µM trolox/100 g dry weight) and (748.43 µM trolox/100 g dry weight) in the flesh extract. The Beauregard extract possesses a significant free radical scavenging ability (20.78%) compare to the standard trolox (95.5%).

Selection of potato clones for heat tolerance and resistance to potato viruses X and Y for processing purposes

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops for human consumption worldwide, representing an essential component for the food security of several countries. However, yield and quality are negatively affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. In this sense, the selection of potato cultivars tolerant to heat and resistant to diseases is of great importance. Our goal was to select clones suitable for the chips industry, having heat tolerance and bearing the Rx1 and Ryadg alleles, which confer resistance to Potato virus X and Potato virus Y. We evaluated 491 clones originating from 31 biparental crosses under three different seasons in terms of heat stress (without heat stress [WHS], moderate heat stress [MHS], and high heat stress [HHS]). The evaluated traits were specific gravity (SG), dry matter yield (DMY), and proportion of physiological disorders (PD). After evaluation in the WHS and MHS seasons, the presence of the Rx1 and Ryadg alleles was investigated with the help of molecular markers in the 68 clones showing the best performance, which descended from the DGN2103 and DGN4002 parental clones. To gather the genotypic values for all traits in each season, the clones were ranked according to an index based on the genotype–ideotype distance. On average of all seasons, the top 10% selected clones by the index were 9 and 0.1% higher than the Atlantic cultivar for the traits DMY and SG, respectively, and 80% lower than Atlantic cultivar for PD. In conclusion, we report the selection of potato clones suitable for industrial processing.