Potassium Consumption Research Articles

Consumption of the Artificial Sweetener Acesulfame Potassium throughout Pregnancy Induces Glucose Intolerance and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with metabolic dysfunction. Artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are often promoted as an alternative. However, evidence for the safety of ASB consumption during pregnancy is lacking. The effects of sugar-sweetened beverage and ASB consumption during pregnancy in mice were examined, and we hypothesized that both sugar-sweetened beverages and ASBs would impair maternal metabolic function. Pregnant female C57BL/6J mice received control drinking water (CD), high-fructose corn syrup (Fr; 20% kcal intake; 335 mM), or the artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium (AS; 12.5 mM) in their drinking water, from gestational day (GD) 0.5 (n=8/group). Body weights and food and water intakes were assessed every second day, an oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at GD 16.5, and mice were culled at GD 18.5. RT-PCR was carried out on adipose tissue, liver, and gut. Adipose tissue morphology was assessed using histological methods. In a separate cohort of animals, pregnancy length was assessed. Repeated-measures ANOVA was performed for the OGTT and weight gain data. All other data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA. Fr and AS significantly impaired glucose tolerance, as demonstrated by OGTT (21% and 24% increase in AUC, respectively; P=0.0006). Fr and AS reduced expression of insulin receptor (39.5% and 33% reduction, respectively; P=0.02) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (45.2% and 47%, respectively; P=0.039), whereas Fr alone reduced expression of protein kinase B (36.9% reduction; P=0.048) and resulted in an increase in adipocyte size and leptin concentrations (40% increase; P=0.03). AS, but not Fr, reduced male fetal weight (16.5% reduction; P=0.04) and female fetal fasting blood glucose concentration at cull (20% reduction; P=0.02) compared with CD. AS significantly reduced the length of pregnancy compared with the CD and Fr groups (1.25 d shorter; P=0.02). Fr and AS consumption were associated with maternal metabolic dysfunction in mice. AS was also associated with reduced fetal growth and fetal hypoglycemia. Therefore, ASBs may not be a beneficial alternative to sugar-sweetened beverages during pregnancy.

Assessment and State of Nutrition of Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Introduction: In recent decades, the number of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) cases, associated with coexisting metabolic disorders, has been continuously increasing. Patients with progressing neoplastic disease are at a risk of malnutrition. To improve the quality of life of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) patients, the therapeutic approach should be supported by a well-balanced diet. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional errors and deficits in a group of GEP-NET patients. Materials and methods: The study group included 26 GEP-NET patients; 13 men and 13 women. The mean age of women was 68.77 ± 8.0, and the mean age of men was 64.69 ± 8.1. Three interviews on consumption in the last 24 h were performed, in order to evaluate the quality and quantity of nutrition. The data was incorporated into a dietetics software, which allows one to calculate the number of over 58 micronutrients and macronutrients with the participation of 52 menus. Subsequently, the mean values were compared with the current nutritional standards. Results: An energy deficit was observed in the group of women—76.9%, and men—100%, as well as high fat consumption in 23.1% in both groups. The proportions of SFA/MUFA/PUFA were very negative, whereas the consumption of saccharose was too high. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 100% of men and women. Moreover, both men and women experienced the deficiency of vitamin E, folates and niacin. The consumption of sodium and phosphorus was twice as high as recommended, and an insufficient supply of calcium was observed in 80% of women and 90% of men. The insufficient consumption of magnesium, iodine and potassium in a significant part of the studied group was observed. All participants consumed too much cholesterol and insufficient amounts of fiber. The healthy diet indicator (HDI) and diet quality index (DQI) scores were 3.1 ± 1.8 (HDI) and 3.7 ± 1.6 (DQI) for women, and 7.2 ± 2.6 (HDI) and 8.5 ± 2.4 (DQI) for men. Conclusions: When analyzing the nutrition of GEP-NET patients, we highlight that they do not have a proper diet, despite the fact that they changed the way they eat. Dietetics support and the development of official nutritional standards seem to be a necessary element in the therapy of GEP-NET patients.

Electrolyte Intake and Major Food Sources of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium among a Population in Western Austria.

Dietary intake of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium has a strong impact on personal health. In order to understand possible correlations with regional occurrence of diseases and to develop new dietary strategies, it is necessary to evaluate food choices in defined geographic areas. The aim of this study was to analyze daily consumption and major food sources of electrolytes with an emphasis on dietary patterns. In this representative, cross-sectional study, daily foods of 463 adults were assessed with two nonconsecutive 24-h recalls. Our results show high sodium and low potassium consumption in all age groups in both men and women. Furthermore, more than half of investigated persons had low calcium, and 40% indicated low dietary magnesium intake. Only 1% of our study population reached the recommended values for all electrolytes, while 13% consumed adequate levels of three electrolytes. Moreover, 14% did not reach reference levels for any of the four minerals. A further comparison of dietary patterns and food preferences showed significant differences in major food groups including nonalcoholic drinks, fruits, vegetables, legumes, milk products, vegetable oil, bread and sweets. Our results are important for further evaluations of nutrition intake and the development of new dietary strategies.

Association between Lower Food Consumption and Body Mass Index in Young Japanese Women

Aim: For Japanese women, weight is an important issue since obesity and anorexia are increasing. Therefore, for establishing a dietary education program, we need to grasp the current situation to analyze dietary intake, body mass index, and complaints among young females. Methods: The survey included 439 female university students in Tokyo, Japan, who provided informed consent. The population included 423 students (mean age: 19.6 ± 1.4); 16 students did not complete a survey. The subjects were asked to complete a dietary intake questionnaire (i.e., food frequency questionnaire with 82-food items) and self-completed lifestyle questionnaires. The Sagami Women’s University Ethics Committee approved this study. Results: A total of 423 women were recruited with an average body mass index ± standard deviation of 20.7 ± 2.4. The distributions of the body mass index <18.5, 18.5 ≤ body mass index ≧ 19.9, and body mass index ≥ 25.0 were 15.6%, 26.6%, and 5.0%, respectively. The average number of complaints was 2.8 per subject. In the mentally alert group, consumption of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber at breakfast (p<0.01), energy intake at breakfast, iron intake at dinner, as well as consumption of potassium, calcium, and magnesium during the day (p<0.05) were significant. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study highlighted a population at risk of health impairment due to deficiencies in the body mass index, energy intake, and nutrient intake. The results also indicated the association between breakfast intake and complaints.

Dietary Protein Source and Phosphate Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis

To determine the sources of protein and phosphorus levels from the food consumed by patients on dialysis. This is a retrospective, secondary data analysis of the Comprehensive Dialysis Survey study participants who had a baseline food frequency questionnaire and baseline lab data (N=358). We examined intake of protein, phosphorus, and 7 other key nutrients from a subcohort of the Comprehensive Dialysis Survey based on the published National Kidney Foundation Kidney Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative's nutrition recommendations. We studied the relationship of dietary protein source (plant or animal) with phosphorus intake using self-reported data from food frequency questionnaires. Variables included in final analysis are demographic, lab variables (albumin and prealbumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein), and nutrition variables (calorie density, protein density, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, plant-based protein, animal-based protein, and daily protein intake). Most of the patients had a lower than recommended consumption of calories, protein, phosphorus, and potassium while sodium, total, and saturated fats were overconsumed. Patients intake of dietary protein and calories was proportional to the amount of food consumed for both plant- and animal-based food. The levels of dietary protein and phosphorus were significantly (P<.05) lower in patients who primarily consumed a plant-based diet than in those who mainly consumed an animal-based diet. Consuming more plant-based protein as part of a varied diet could be nutritionally adequate while limiting intake of absorbable dietary phosphorus. More research in plant-based protein diets and their impact on patients with end-stage renal disease is needed.

Dietary Potassium Attenuates the Effects of Dietary Sodium on Vascular Function in Salt‐Resistant Adults

Cardiovascular disease remains a major public health problem in the U.S. and is the result of lifestyle factors, such as nutrition, that play an important role. Excess sodium consumption can increase blood pressure (BP) while consumption of potassium has been shown to have BP lowering properties. While the effect of these two nutrients on BP is fairly well understood, their impact on vascular function, particularly any interactive effects, has received less attention. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired dilation, is an important non‐traditional risk factor for atherosclerosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if dietary potassium can offset the deleterious effect of high sodium on endothelial function as assessed by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Thirty‐three adults with salt‐resistant BP (16M,17F; 27±1yr) completed 7 days each of the following diets: 65 mmol potassium/50 mmol sodium (MK/LS); 65 mmol potassium/300 mmol sodium (MK/HS); and 120 mmol potassium/300 mmol sodium (HK/HS) in random order. On the last day of each diet, 24‐hour ambulatory BP, 24‐hour urine collection and a blood draw was performed. FMD was assessed in response to reactive hyperemia. 24‐hr BP did not differ between diets confirming that subjects were salt‐resistant. Sodium excretion increased on both HS diets compared to LS/MK (p&lt;0.05) and potassium excretion was increased on the HK diet compared to MK/LS and MK/HS (p&lt;0.05) confirming diet compliance. Aldosterone and plasma renin activity were elevated on MK/LS compared to both HS diets (p&lt;0.05). FMD was impaired on MK/HS (5.4±0.5%) compared to both MK/LS (7.0±0.6%; p&lt;0.05) and HK/HS (6.5±0.5%; p&lt;0.05) while there was no difference between the MK/LS and HK/HS diets (p&gt;0.05). These data suggest that potassium provides vascular protection against the deleterious effects of high sodium on conduit artery function.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NIH NIGMS grant # P20GM113125.

Nutrients and Diabetes Mellitus: Potassium

Potassium (K) is an essential mineral that plays major roles in intracellular osmolality and acid-base balance. In addition, potassium affects endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions and has been shown to decrease blood pressure. Recently, potassium intake and plasma potassium concentration have been reported to be related to insulin secretion and diabetes risk. Therefore, in this article, we review how potassium intake reduces blood pressure and affects insulin release. We also determine methods for safe consumption and dose of potassium. Keywords: Blood glucose; Blood pressure; Diabetes mellitus; Potassium

The association of potassium intake with bone mineral density and the prevalence of osteoporosis among older Korean adults.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESOsteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and results in vulnerability to fracture. Calcium and vitamin D are known to play an important role in bone health. Recently, potassium has been identified as another important factor in skeletal health. We examined the link between potassium intake and bone health among the Korean older adult population.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis retrospective, cross-sectional study included 8,732 men and postmenopausal women over 50 years old who completed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) between 2008 and 2011. Potassium consumption was evaluated using a 24-hour recall method. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at three sites (total hip, femur neck, and lumbar spine) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the link between potassium intake and prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia, after controlling for potential confounding variables.RESULTSThe BMD of the total femur and Ward's triangle were significantly different according to the potassium intake among men (P = 0.031 and P = 0.010, respectively). Women in the top tertile for potassium intake showed higher BMD than those in the bottom tertile at all measurement sites (all P < 0.05). Daily potassium intake was significantly related to a decreased risk of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women (odds ratios: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.96, P trend = 0.031). However, the dietary potassium level was not related to the risk of osteoporosis in men.CONCLUSIONCurrent findings indicate that higher dietary potassium levels have a favorable effect on bone health and preventing osteoporosis in older Korean women.

Associations of sodium and potassium consumption with the gut microbiota and host metabolites in a population-based study in Chinese adults

Associations of sodium and potassium consumption with the gut microbiota and host metabolites in a population-based study in Chinese adults

Disparities in dietary quantity and quality between the two different types of Korean family of older adults living with spouses and living alone: using data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThis study was conducted to examine disparities in food and nutrient intakes based on family types identified among 1,856 participants who were the Korean elderly people in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) excluding those who were currently practicing the diet therapy.SUBJECTS/METHODSWe separated the subjects into two groups: living alone (LA, n = 638) and living with a spouse (LS, n = 1,218). We also examined the disparities of dietary quantity and quality of those two groups using complex sampling design general linear regression analyses (CS GLM).RESULTSIn the LA group, there was a higher percentage of females and average age in LA group was higher than the participants in the LS group. Household income and education level were significantly lower in LA compared to those of LS. The frequencies of skipping meals were higher in LA. LA's food and nutrient intakes showed lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, and of most nutrients. Even after adjusting for the confounding factors, the consumption of vegetables, seaweeds, carbohydrates, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C showed lower in LA than LS. Moreover, LA's nutrient intake ratios compared to the KDRIs were lower which turned out to be similar to their nutrient intakes.CONCLUSIONSThese results show that dietary behavior and food intake of the elderly are associated with family types. Frequently skipping meals and less dietary variety are more common with elderly persons who were living alone. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the supplementary food programs and nutrition education programs for the elderly living alone.

Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake, in A National Adult Population Sample of the Republic of Moldova.

In the Republic of Moldova, more than half of all deaths due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Excess salt (sodium) and inadequate potassium intakes are associated with high CVD. Moreover, salt iodisation is the preferred policy to prevent iodine deficiency and associated disorders. However, there is no survey that has directly measured sodium, potassium and iodine consumption in adults in the Republic of Moldova. A national random sample of adults attended a screening including demographic, anthropometric and physical measurements. Sodium, potassium and iodine intakes were assessed by 24 h urinary sodium (UNa), potassium (UK) and iodine (UI) excretions. Knowledge, attidues and behaviours were collected by questionnaire. Eight-hundred and fifty-eight participants (326 men and 532 women, 18–69 years) were included in the analysis (response rate 66%). Mean age was 48.5 years (SD 13.8). Mean UNa was 172.7 (79.3) mmoL/day, equivalent to 10.8 g of salt/day and potassium excretion 72.7 (31.5) mmoL/day, equivalent to 3.26 g/day. Only 11.3% met the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended salt targets of 5 g/day and 39% met potassium targets (>90 mmoL/day). Whilst 81.7% declared limiting their consumption of processed food and over 70% not adding salt at the table, only 8.8% looked at sodium content of food, 31% still added salt when cooking and less than 1% took other measures to control salt consumption. Measures of awareness were significantly more common in urban compared to rural areas. Mean urinary iodine was 225 (SD: 152; median 196) mcg/24 h, with no difference between sexes. According to WHO criteria, 41.0% had adequate iodine intake. Iodine content of salt table was 21.0 (SD: 18.6) mg/kg, lower in rural than urban areas (16.7, SD = 18.6 vs. 28.1, SD = 16.5 mg/kg, p < 0.001). In most cases participants were not using iodised salt as their main source of salt, more so in rural areas. In the Republic of Moldova, salt consumption is unequivocally high, potassium consumption is lower than recommended, both in men and in women, whilst iodine intake is still inadequate in one in three people, although severe iodine deficiency is rare. Salt consumed is often not iodised.

Association between perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations and blood pressure in adolescents

The effects of exposure to some environmental chemicals on blood pressure have been determined, but the association between non-occupational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and blood pressure in adolescents remains unknown. The association between blood pressure and PFAS concentrations was studied by analysing data from 2251 participants filtered from the population enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2012. After adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, cotinine level, dietary intake of calcium, caloric intake, sodium consumption, potassium consumption and sampling year, we estimated the coefficients (betas) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship between PFAS concentrations and blood pressure with multiple linear regression models. Potential non-linear relationships were assessed with restricted cubic spline models. Blood levels of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) had a strong positive association with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adolescents in the linear model, while the result was not significant in the non-linear model. No significant association was observed between the concentration of any other PFASs and blood pressure. According to the fully adjusted linear regression model (P = 0.041), the mean DBP values in boys in the higher PFOS quintile were 2.70% greater than the mean DBP values of boys in the lowest PFOS quintile. Furthermore, serum PFOS concentrations predominantly affected blood pressure in male adolescents compared with female adolescents. These results provide epidemiological evidence of PFOS-related increases in DBP. Further research is needed to address related issues.

SODIUM AND POTASSIUM INTAKE IN ADULTS IN PODGORICA, MONTENEGRO

Objective: Excess salt (sodium chloride) and inadequate potassium intakes are responsible for high blood pressure in populations and they are associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Montenegro, CVD is the leading cause of death and disability. Moreover, there is no survey that has directly measured salt and potassium consumption in Montenegro. The aim is to provide reliable estimates of population salt and potassium intakes and to explore knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB) towards dietary salt, in a representative sample of the adult population of Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. Design and method: Random samples of registered adult population were obtained from 6 primary care centres in Podgorica. After informed consent, invited participants attended a screening session. Demographic, anthropometric and physical measurements were obtained with standardized methods. Dietary salt and potassium intakes were assessed by urinary sodium (UNa) and potassium (UK) determination in 24 h urine collections. Creatinine was measured to estimate the accuracy of the collection. KAB towards salt consumption were collected by standard questionnaire. Results: After quality control, six hundred and thirty-nine (285 men, 25–65 years) were included in the analysis (response rate 63%). Mean UNa was 186.5 (SD 90.3) mmol/day, equivalent to 11.6 g of salt/day, and potassium excretion 62.5 (26.2) mmol/day, equivalent to 3.2 g/day. Men had higher UNa and UK compared to women. Only 7% of them had a salt intake below the WHO recommended target of 5 g/day, and 13% ate enough potassium (>90 mmol/day). The majority (86%) knew that high salt causes ill-health. However, only 44% thought it would be useful to reduce salt consumption. Conclusions: Salt consumption is high, and potassium consumption is low, in men and women living in Podgorica. There is an urgent need for intensive awareness campaigns and health promotion to improve the take up of preventive strategies aiming at reducing salt consumption, whilst at the same time increasing potassium intake. Furthermore, additional policy options involving food manufacturers, distributors and outlets should be considered to reduce the hidden salt in processed food.

Increment in Dietary Potassium Predicts Weight Loss in the Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: In the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome, dietary measures traditionally focus on reducing carbohydrate/fat-related caloric intake. The possibility that changes in potassium consumption may be related to the achieved weight loss has not been previously explored. Methods: Sixty-eight participants, with a mean age of 51.6 ± 11.0 years (F/M—30/38), who fulfilled the ATPIII criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MS) were enrolled into a 1-year intensive multidisciplinary program. Nutritional recommendation consisted of a moderate low calorie/high protein Mediterranean diet. Baseline assessment included clinical and biochemical profiling, and body composition. Nutritional components were registered over 7 days before and at the end of 1 year of treatment. Results: Mean baseline body mass index (BMI) was 35 ± 4 kg/m², which declined by 9.4 ± 0.1% after one year of combined intervention. Linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that 45% of the predicted variance of the % decline in BMI was related to increased consumption of dietary potassium (β = −0.865) and caproic acid (β = −0.423) and reduction in the consumption of dietary vitamin B6 (β = 0.542), calcium (β = 0.335), total carbohydrates (β = 0.239) and total caloric intake (β = 0.238; p < 0.001). Notably, the strongest correlate of the decline in BMI was the increase in dietary potassium intake (β = −0.865). Subjects whose achieved decrease in BMI was above the average (n = 30) increased potassium intake by 25% as compared to an increase in dietary potassium intake of only 3% by those whose decline in BMI was below the average (n = 36; p < 0.05). The change in dietary potassium was related to the percent increase in dietary protein (r = 0.433; p < 0.001). Conclusion: An increase in dietary potassium consumption is a previously unrecognized predictor of the achieved reduction in BMI in a weight-loss-oriented multidisciplinary intervention in obesity/MS. Prospective trials are underway to confirm this post-hoc finding.

Associations Between Sodium, Potassium, Sugar and Non-caloric Sweetener Intake and Hypertension in Native American Adults (P04-127-19)

ObjectivesNative American (NA) adults experience higher rates of hypertension than other ethnicities. Sodium and sugar consumption from processed foods and sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) have been independently linked to increased prevalence of hypertension, whereas potassium consumption is thought to be protective. We explored associations between sodium, potassium, sugar and non-caloric sweetener consumption and hypertension in NA adults. MethodsA cross-sectional survey, including an interviewer-administered modified semi-quantitative Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and anthropometric measurements, was administered for the baseline assessment of the multi-level, multi-component obesity prevention trial OPREVENT2. A subset (n = 533) was used for this analysis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were directly measured using a Wrist Blood Pressure Monitor. Participants with systolic ≥130 mmHg or diastolic ≥80 mmHg were categorized as having hypertension. Linear regression models assessed the association between sugar (g), sodium (mg), and potassium (mg) consumption on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), separately. Logistic regression models assessed the association between beverage consumption (e.g., SSB, diet soft drinks) frequency (e.g., daily) on prevalence of hypertension (dichotomous). All analyzes were adjusted for sex, age, total caloric, sodium, potassium and sugar intake, and body mass index. ResultsThe sample was 73.5% female with a mean age of 45.5 years, median systolic blood pressure of 130.5 mmHg, and median diastolic blood pressure of 81.0 mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 64.9%, 76.6% for males and 60.7% for females. There was no association between sugar, sodium or potassium consumption on systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Participants who reported consuming at least one diet soft drink per month had 30% higher odds of hypertension than those who consumed less (P < 0.01). No significant associations were observed for other beverages. ConclusionsFrequency and type of soft drink consumption may be predictors of hypertension in NA adults and baseline prevalence of hypertension should be considered when interpreting the results. The results of this study will be used to inform future intervention trials for chronic disease prevention. Funding SourcesNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R01.

Determinants, Treatment and Consequences of Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Osun State, Nigeria

Despite concerted efforts made by United Nations and other health agencies to reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) through Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) and use of healthcare facilities, report reveals that Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) still have a place in maternal healthcare in developing countries. This paper examines causes, treatment and consequences of Post-Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) from TBAs’ perspectives in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. The study adopted qualitative method of data collection (In-depth Interview and Focus Group Discussion). Results show some similar (Tone, Trauma, Tissue and Thrombin) as obtained from medical literature and some divergent causes of PPH which includes: consumption of Potassium, intoxicants, dairy product, junks and iron tablets at advanced stage of pregnancy. This implies that substance/food consumption has implication on maternal health. TBAs’ treatment techniques for PPH include: use of powdery substances, concoctions, herbs and roots, and sometimes use of animal parts. Consequences of PPH include: organ failure, respiratory disorder, infection, fever, vomiting, anaemia and loss of fertility. WHO has revealed that misoprostol is effective in treating PPH in home delivery in developing countries. Reducing MMR due to PPH and achieving development in health sector in Nigeria therefore, requires training Nigeria TBAs on the proper administration of misoprostol.

Dietary Pattern, Nutrient Intake, and Perceived Fatigue in the Oldest Old (P18-027-19)

ObjectivesLittle is known regarding dietary patterns and diet composition for the oldest old (defined as adults ≥ 80 years old) who usually have compromised diet quality due to age-related decline. We examined overall dietary patterns and further related the patterns to consumption of selected nutrients as well as perceived physical and mental fatigue. We hypothesized that those that had a healthy dietary pattern would have better nutrient intake profiles and reduced perceived fatigue. MethodsWe studied a cross-section of the Geisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS) longitudinal cohort in rural Pennsylvania that included 122 participants (56 men and 66 women) aged from 82 to 97 years old. Average daily nutrient and food group intake were calculated from the average of three dietary recalls (1 weekend and 2 weekdays) by telephone. Dietary patterns were characterized using cluster analysis of 34 food groups. Mean nutrient intake and standard errors across dietary patterns were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, and energy consumption. Mean Pittsburgh fatigability questionnaire score examining physical and mental fatigue were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. ResultsTwo dietary patterns were defined: one pattern (n = 53) characterized by its higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, seafood, and whole grains, and another pattern (n = 69), with higher intake of fats and oil, refined grains, and cheese. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the healthier pattern had significantly higher consumption of carbohydrate, protein, fiber, vitamin A, E, K, C, B6, B12, iron, zinc, and potassium with lower intakes of fat and sodium compared with those in the less healthy pattern (P < 0.05 for all). Participants in the healthier pattern had a higher Healthy Eating Index-2015 score (adjusted mean: 70.6 vs 51.8; P < 0.001) and a lower physical fatigue score (adjusted mean: 17.6 vs 21.9) and mental fatigue score (adjusted mean: 6.77 vs 11.6) relative to individuals in the other pattern (P < 0.05 for both). ConclusionsThese data suggest that a dietary pattern more consistent with dietary guidelines may have a beneficial impact on physical and mental fatigue in the oldest old. Funding SourcesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service agreement 8050–51530-012–01A. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪▪▪

Low intake of digestible carbohydrates ameliorates duodenal absorption of carbohydrates in mice with glucose metabolism disorders induced by artificial sweeteners.

Long-term artificial sweetener consumption has been reported to induce glucose intolerance, and the intestinal microbiota seems as an important target. While the impacts of artificial sweeteners on energy balance remain controversial, this work aimed to evaluate the protective effects in mice of a low digestible carbohydrate (LDC) diet on plasma glucose, plasma fasting insulin, sweet taste receptors, glucose transporters, and absorption of carbohydrates, together with consumption of acesulfame potassium (AK) or saccharin (SAC). Artificial sweetener was administered to mice for 12 weeks to induce glucose metabolism disorders; mice were treated with an LDC diet for the final 6weeks. The experimental groups were treated with an LDC diet that had the same energy as the normal-diet group. Prolonged administration of artificial sweeteners led to metabolic dysfunction, characterized by significantly increased plasma glucose, insulin resistance, sweet taste receptors, glucose transporters, and absorption of carbohydrates. Treatment with an LDC diet positively modulated these altered parameters, suggesting overall beneficial effects of an LDC diet on detrimental changes associated with artificial sweeteners. Reducing digestible carbohydrates in the diet can significantly reduce the absorption of carbohydrates and improve glucose metabolism disorders caused by dietary factors. These effects may be due to the fact that reducing the amount of digestible carbohydrates in the feed can reduce the number of intestinal sweet receptors induced by exposure to artificial sweeteners. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Daily Intake of Sodium and Potassium Among Diverse US Hispanics/Latinos, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

High sodium and low potassium consumption are risk factors for hypertension. The objectives of this study were to describe usual daily intake of sodium and potassium among US Hispanics/Latinos of diverse background groups and estimate the proportion meeting guidelines for dietary sodium and potassium intake. We studied 16,171 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a diverse group of self-identified Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 years from 4 US communities. In 2008-2011, all HCHS/SOL participants underwent a standardized examination. Median usual daily intake of dietary sodium and potassium were derived from two 24-hour diet recalls; standard errors and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using boot strap methods. Meeting 2015 US Department of Agriculture guidelines was defined as an intake of <2,300 mg/day of sodium and ≥4,700 mg/day of potassium. Among US Hispanics/Latinos, median usual daily intake of sodium was 2,574 mg (95% CI: 2,547, 2,600) among women and 3,747 mg (95% CI: 3,697, 3,796) among men. Median usual daily intake of potassium was 2,069 mg (95% CI: 2,046, 2,092) among women and 2,649 mg (95% CI: 2,615, 2,683) among men. Overall, only 21.3% (95% CI: 20.2%, 22.4%) of the US Hispanic/Latino population met 2015 recommendations for sodium and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4%, 0.8%) for potassium. Among US Hispanics/Latinos intake of sodium is too high and potassium too low. Strategies to reduce sodium intake while simultaneously increasing intake of potassium in this US population are warranted.

The role of healthy nutrition and diet in the prevention of non-communicable diseases among the aged

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill approximately 41 million individuals every year, proportional to 71% of all deaths universally. This paper discuses the role of healthy nutrition and diet in the prevention of non-communicable diseases among the aged. It is a theoretical research in which Non-communicable diseases and the aged was discussed, and researched backed nutritional recommendations for the prevention of common non-communicable diseases, and other geriatric illnesses was extensively discussed under; Increment in vegetable and fruit consumption, Lessening of saturated fat intake, Increment in dietary fiber, Lessening of dietary sodium intake, Increment in dietary potassium consumption and reduction in alcohol consumption. It was concluded that healthy nutrition can well help in the prevention of non-communicable and chronic diseases among aged, therefore, healthy nutrition should be a preferred strategy tool in the prevention of non-communicable and chronic diseases among this age group. It was however recommended that; keeping up of good weight, increasing of vegetable and natural fruits product consumption, reduction of saturated fat consumption, increasing of dietary fiber consumption, decrease in dietary sodium and increment of dietary potassium intake, and reducing the rate of alcohol use; all helps in the prevention of non-communicable disease and other geriatric illnesses affecting the aged.&#x0D;