Potassium Compounds Research Articles

Interfacial Phenomena at the Interface in the System «Carbon Primary Materials-Water Solutions of Surfactants» for Cement Materials

The formation of sustainable concrete is directly relaed to the intensity of the processes occurring at the interface of phases. The study of the surface properties of CNPLUS carbon nanotubes in solutions of various plasticizers was carried out by measuring and calculating adsorption. The applicability of the adsorption value is for forecasting both the efficiency of dispersion and aggregative and sedimentative stability of the obtained dispersion systems. It was stated that two-dimensional pressure arising at the interface of adsorption layers in the dispersive medium with the surfactant Tensafor 2553.2 J/m2 is sufficient to overcome adhesive strength on a small area of the localized contact of carbon nanoparticles CNPLUS, which explains the peptization and stabilization of the particles’ surface. It was established that full stabilization of nanoparticles in the aqueous dispersive medium could be ensured only by means of soap-like surfactants, with the compound potassium naphthalene sulfonate (Tensafor). It ensures formation of the micelle-like structure in coagulation layers that forms a structural and mechanical barrier with the external hydrophilic surface. This leads to the increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the concrete grout specimens by 38%.

Losartan Potassium and Verapamil Hydrochloride Compound Transdermal Drug Delivery System: Formulation and Characterization

Losartan Potassium and Verapamil Hydrochloride Compound Transdermal Drug Delivery System: Formulation and Characterization

Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes by the Deposition of Potassium Compounds

Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes by the Deposition of Potassium Compounds

Protective and Therapeutic Potentials of Corn Silk: A Review

Corn Silk is a beneficial herb that possesses health-promoting nutrients, including flavonoids. It has been found safe for human consumption and used to treat many diseases like urinary tract infections, asthma, hypertension, dropsy, and pathological swelling. It has also been found advantageous against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, urinary tract infections, edema, prostate disorders, cystitis, obesity, nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction. The phytochemical in Corn Silk possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactive compounds in Corn Silk that are beneficial for health include vitamins, carbohydrates, magnesium, proteins, calcium, sodium and magnesium salts, alkaloids, steroids, volatile salts, potassium, flavonoids, and many other phenolic compounds. Maysin is one of the flavonoids in Corn Silk. This review highlights the therapeutic effects of Corn Silk in healthcare.

Some contribution to W(VI)-peroxo-chemistry: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, reactivity and DFT studies

Synthesis of white microcrystalline oxodiperoxotungstate(VI) complexes, K[WO(O2)2(L)(H2O)]·H2O, (L ​= ​salicylate, 5-chlorosalicylate, 4-hydroxybenzoate) have been achieved from reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O with 30% H2O2 and the respective hetero-ligands at pH Ca. 7–7.5 in aqueous medium. The newly synthesized compounds were comprehensively characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies, room temperature magnetic moment measurements and mass spectrometric studies. Infrared spectra suggest that, peroxo groups are bonded to the WO+4 center in a triangular bidentate (C2v) fashion and the hetero-ligands benzene-core hydroxycarboxylic acids viz. salicylic acid, 5-chlorosalicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in anoinic form are coordinated in monodentate manner. Compounds are fairly stable in aqueous solution for sufficient period of time. The results of mass spectrometric analysis lend support to the molecular composition of the complexes ascertained on the basis of elemental analyses and spectroscopic studies. Compound potassium(aquo)(5-chlorosalicylato)oxodiperoxotungstate(VI)monohydrate, K[WO(O2)2(5-chlorosalicylate)(H2O)]·H2O, act as an oxidant of bromide ion in aqueous phase bromination of chosen organic substrates to their corresponding bromo organics. Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed on the synthesized complexes substantiated the experimentally obtained results. The TD-DFT optimized structures are in excellent agreement with the results of elemental analyses, spectral as well as mass spectrometric data.

Sustainable Utilization of Sewage Sludge through the Synthesis of Liquid Fertilizer

In a world with a growing human population, resources are becoming increasingly scarce. To ensure food supply, fertilizers are often used to accelerate growth when planting agricultural products. Sewage sludge (SS), containing as high as 10–15 wt% Phosphorus (P), can be synthesized into liquid fertilizer. P species in SS can generally be classified into four types: inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), nonapatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP), and apatite phosphorus (AP). However, OP is not leached out by wet chemical methods and NAIP is not bioavailable. This study investigated the P-form conversion (OP and NAIP to AP) in SS by adding 8 wt% CaO at 300 °C. SS through pretreatment can easily leach out P when combined with organic acid. The content of heavy metals is in accordance with fertilizer regulations in a leaching solution. The solution was mixed with potassium and ammonia compounds to synthesize a liquid fertilizer. To ensure the safe and efficient use of liquid fertilizer and undertake an analysis of heavy metals, an aquatic organisms (D. magna) toxicity test, and the growth of plants test were both used. The liquid fertilizer can be demonstrated to accelerate the growth of plants while not causing the death of D. magna in short time, as the liquid fertilizer has enough nutrients to help the D. magna to survive.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ МЕЖІ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КАЛІЙНИХ ДОБРИВ

The issues of the recoupment of potash fertilizers are considered, which is one of the most controversial in agronomy, since it is precisely this that determines the need for fertilizers and the economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem in the Uman NUS. The cost of the increase in yield from the use of potash fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. collecting a yield increase from potash fertilizers. The cost of potash fertilizer was taken at the current price of 16000 UAH/t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs for the use of fertilizers on the farm and for collecting the increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (YI) and additional costs (AC) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators YI and AC, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: YI>AC (general expression of the task). The minimum necessary increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of the increase in prices for potash fertilizers were also calculated. It has been established that at a price for potassium chloride of 16000 UAH /t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 1164–14820 UAH/ ha. Payback (unprofitableness) of 1 kg. potash fertilizers vary in a wide range – from – UAH 18.6 to 104,0, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of potash fertilizers at the optimal dose of application depends on the crop and is in the range of 6.9–129,5 UAH/ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and potassium chloride, its use is unprofitable for winter rye, spring barley, grain sorghum and sugar beet (when applied against a background of 40 t/ha of manure). This is due to the availability of podzolized chernozem with mobile potassium compounds, biological characteristics of crops and technologies for their cultivation.

Wetting properties of fresh urban soot particles: Evaluation based on critical supersaturation and observation of surface trace materials

Soot particles strongly absorb solar radiation and contribute to global warming. Also, wetting properties of soot at emission can affect its lifetime. We investigated surface conditions related to wetting and hydrophobic properties of fresh soot using data from measurements taken in Tokyo. A cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter was used to clarify surface conditions of particles composed mainly of water-insoluble (WI) materials: total and active particles as CCN around critical supersaturation (Sc) of 203-nm-diameter WI particles. Averaged number fractions of inactivated particles as CCN at 1.05% supersaturation (SS), which is Sc of hydrophilic WI particles, were estimated as 1.4%. Number fractions of inactive particles changed less at 1.78%SS during rush hour and increased at 0.89%SS, implying that most of the WI particles included small amounts of water-soluble (WS) materials rather than being completely hydrophobic. Based on transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of samples collected during rush hour, 69% of the mostly bare soot particles had Na or K small domains that are regarded as originating in fossil fuels. Based on water dialysis analysis results, some Na and K on soot were WS. Combination results with CCN measurements suggest that these WS materials decrease the Sc of soot. Moreover, the morphological structure of sulfate covering Na and K domains on the soot surface implicates pre-existing sodium and potassium compounds on soot as a trigger of soot aging. However, inactive particles at Sc at poor-hydrophilic particles and soot particles composed solely of WI materials on TEM samples were also found, although they were minor. Such particles, which are unfavorable for obtaining a wettable surface, might retain non-hygroscopicity for a longer period in the atmosphere. Evaluation of long-range soot transport can benefit from consideration of slight and inhomogeneous differences of chemical compounds on soot that occur along with their emission.

Actinobacteria-enhanced plant growth, nutrient acquisition, and crop protection: Advances in soil, plant, and microbial multifactorial interactions

Agricultural areas of land are deteriorating every day owing to population increase, rapid urbanization, and industrialization. To feed today's huge populations, increased crop production is required from smaller areas, which warrants the continuous application of high doses of inorganic fertilizers to agricultural land. These cause damage to soil health and, therefore, nutrient imbalance conditions in arable soils. Under these conditions, the benefits of microbial inoculants (such as Actinobacteria) as replacements for harmful chemicals and promoting ecofriendly sustainable farming practices have been made clear through recent technological advances. There are multifunctional traits involved in the production of different types of bioactive compounds responsible for plant growth promotion, and the biocontrol of phytopathogens has reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There are some well-known groups of nitrogen-fixing Actinobacteria, such as Frankia, which undergo mutualism with plants and offer enhanced symbiotic trade-offs. In addition to nitrogen fixation, increasing availability of major plant nutrients in soil due to the solubilization of immobilized forms of phosphorus and potassium compounds, production of phytohormones, such as indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins, improving organic matter decomposition by releasing cellulases, xylanase, glucanases, lipases, and proteases, and suppression of soil-borne pathogens by the production of siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and chitinase are important features of Actinobacteria useful for combating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. The positive influence of Actinobacteria on soil fertility and plant health has motivated us to compile this review of important findings associated with sustaining plant productivity in the long run.

До питання про роль рельєфу у формуванні просторової неоднорідності ґрунтових параметрів

The results of the study of the role of relief in the formation of the spatial heterogeneity of humus content, avalable compounds of phosphorus and potassium, the total content of nitrogen and pHH2O within the arable layer are highlighted. The study was carried out on two fields in the Kharkiv region in the zone of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil cover of one of the fields is represented by gray forest (Haplic Luvisol) and dark gray podzolized (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem) soils, the second – by podzolized chernozem (Chernic Phaeozem) (including reclaimed) and dark gray podzolized (Luvic Gremizem) with eroded counterparts. According to the granulometric composition, all soils are heavy loamy. Relationships were found between the main indicators of soil fertility and the characteristics of the relief of the surveyed land plots, cartographic materials were created for the spatial distribution of nutrients using statistical methods of data processing. The existence of spatial heterogeneity of soil properties (Cv > 25 %) was confirmed and factors influencing the features of their spatial distribution were determined. It was found that the existence of heterogeneous landforms and, in particular, the presence of microdepressions in the surveyed areas, causes an uneven distribution of precipitation, which significantly affects the formation of heterogeneity of soil quality within the field – the content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and soil pH. The results show that the soil at high relief points and in micro-depressions is better provided with humus and available phosphorus compounds. The zones of available potassium and nitrogen enrichment coincide with depressions in the relief. The reason for the distribution of nutrients is the migration of flows of substances, the intensity of which depends on the topographic features of the territory. It was found that the soil at higher parts of the field is characterized by pHH2O values close to neutral. Relative acidification of the soil was found in areas with a sharp slope of the surface. Based on the results, recommended to take into account the peculiarities of the spatial distribution of soil properties in the practice of applying fertilizers and chemical ameliorants.

Solid Soap Formulation with Ethanol Extract of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) and Palm Oil

Soap is a type of cleaning product that is used to clean dust, oil, dirt, germs, and bacteria that stick to the skin. Ginger is a plant that contains a wide range of antibacterial compounds including E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, B. Cereus, L monocytogenes and Candida albicans bacteria. Soap is made by chemically reacting sodium or potassium compounds with fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal oil. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of solid soap with ginger rhizome extract with a combination of coconut oil and palm oil and analyze the panelist’s response to the soap produced. In the third week of observation, it is known that the water content ranges from 0,07%-0,1% with foam stability 71,11%-88,23% and pH 8,96-9,08. The most preferred solid soap based on the response of the panelist is soap from a mixture of coconut oil and palm oil with a ratio of 15:5.

Physicochemical properties and structural studies of a new hybrid compound potassium nitrate-ninhydrin: Promising material for nonlinear applications

In this study, we have succeeded in synthesizing a new hybrid material C18H12KNO11·H2O,whose asymmetric unit is composed of a molecule of ninhydrin and potassium nitrate. This crystal was obtained using the slow evaporation method at room temperature. The grown crystal was subjected to different characterization techniques, whose lattice structure was determined by X-ray diffraction on single crystal. It showed that the compound is crystallized in a monoclinic system with a Cm space group. As for EDAX analysis, it confirmed the presence of the different elements present in the compound. Besides, the thermal study (TGA) proved the stability of the crystal up to 240 °C. The transparency of the crystal has been studied by the UV spectrum. Finally, second-order non-linear optical measurements were carried out using the Kurtz-Perry technique. It proved that the second harmonic generation efficiency of the crystal was found to be 0.22 times more than that of KDP. This result seems to be advocate for its use as a doubling material of frequency.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

Objective. To study the influence of systematic introduction of mineral, traditional organomineral and alternative systems of fertilization and inoculation of seeds on the formation of the nutrient status of sod-podzolic soil. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance and settlement, statistical. Results. Based on the studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, a significant influence of the studied fertilization systems in combination with microbial preparations on the soil nutrient status was established. The highest levels of mineral compounds of nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium using crop rotation were observed upon long-term use of the organomineral fertilization system NPK + animal manure + + green manure. At the end of the crop rotation, the content of nitrogen mineral compounds increased by 23 %, phosphorus — by 8 % and potassium — by 34 % on the background without inoculation and by 34 %, 10 % and 34 %, respectively, on the background of inoculation compared to traditional fertilization system NPK + animal manure. Due to the use of microbial preparations under this fertilization system, the content of nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil increased by 7 %, mobile phosphorus — by 3 % and exchangeable potassium — by 6 % compared to their content at the beginning of crop rotation. It has been proved that the highest level of crop rotation productivity in terms of feed units was provided by the organomineral fertilization system green manure + animal manure + NPK, which exceeded crop rotation productivity in areas under the traditional fertilization system NPK + animal manure by 21 % on the background without inoculation and by 26 % on the background of inoculation. Due to the use of microbial preparations, there is an increase in crop rotation productivity by 10–13 %. Conclusion. The optimal nutrient status of sod-podzolic soil is formed using microbial preparations and an organomineral fertilization system based on organic fertilizers in the form of animal manure with an average crop rotation dose of 10 t/ha and legume green manure on the background of mineral fertilizers N60P50K60. This fertilization system provides recovery of soil fertility, high rates of economic and energy efficiency of growing crops and their productivity during crop rotation.

Prof. Dr.

The use of ecological and agrochemical indicators to assess the agro-industrial properties of soils and the formation of a system of indicators of regional investment attractiveness of soils of agricultural lands is the basis for intensive development of the agro-industrial complex of the L’viv region of Ukraine. The following parameters are important for assessing the investment attractiveness of land soils: the content of humus and mobile compounds of Phosphorus and Potassium in soils, the reaction of soil solution, as well as calculations of the balance of humus and nutrients. The proposed indicators of investment attractiveness of soils of the L’viv region are the key to the introduction of a balanced type of land use, which is characterized by high crop yields and a deficit of nutrients in the soil, and thus minimizes possible investment risks.

Soil biological activity of short rotation crop at the maximum saturation with sunflower

Soil biological activity of short rotation crop at the maximum saturation with sunflower

Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl- and Amino-Substituted Metallated Ylide.

α‐Metallated ylides have revealed themselves to be versatile reagents for the introduction of ylide groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of the thiophosphinoyl and piperidyl (Pip) substituted α‐metallated ylide [Ph2(Pip)P=C−P(S)Ph2]M (M=Li, Na, K) through a four‐step synthetic procedure starting from diphenylmethylphosphine sulfide. Metallation of the ylide intermediate was successfully accomplished with different alkali metal bases delivering the lithium, sodium and potassium salts, the latter isolable in high yields. Structure analyses of the lithium and potassium compounds in the solid state with and without crown ether revealed different aggregates (monomer, dimer and hexamer) with the metals coordinated by the thiophosphoryl moiety and ylidic carbon atom. Although the piperidyl group does not coordinate to the metal, it significantly contributes to the stability of the yldiide by charge delocalization through negative hyperconjugation.

Viricidal activity of several disinfectants against African swine fever virus

Prevention of African swine fever, a disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), requires maintenance of high biosecurity standards, which principally relies on disinfection. Finding the perfect disinfectant against ASFV is difficult because of the lack of relevant data. Therefore, we aimed to find the most effective disinfectant and to optimise its concentration as well as contact time to confirm the viricidal effect against ASFV in vitro. We evaluated the viricidal activity of three concentrations each of six common disinfectants against ASFV using immersion disinfection assay (IDA) and spray disinfection assay (SDA); the concentrations of these disinfectants at which complete viral inactivation occurred were almost same as the manufacturer-recommended concentrations, but the exposure times for viral inactivation are different. The following disinfectants (assay: concentration, exposure time) showed complete inactivation: iodine and acid mixed solution (IDA/SDA: 0.5%, 10 min); compound potassium peroxymonosulfate (IDA: 0.25%, 30 min; SDA: 0.25%, 60 min); citric acid (IDA: 0.25%, 60 min; SDA: 0.5%, 60 min); sodium dichloroisocyanurate (IDA: 0.125%, 60 min; SDA: 0.25%, 60 min); and glutaral ang deciquam (IDA/SDA: 0.2%, 60 min); and deciquam (IDA/SDA: 0.5%, 60 min). However, in the presence of organic material contamination, disinfectants did not show a marked inactivation effect. Therefore, disinfection procedures should be performed in two steps: thorough mechanical cleaning followed by application of disinfectant. In conclusion, all the tested disinfectants can inactivate ASFV; these can be used as alternative disinfectants to enhance biosecurity.

Quantitative imaging of KOH vapor in combustion environments using 266 nm laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence

In biomass thermal conversion processes, the release of potassium in high temperature environments crucially influences the operating efficiency and safety. The dominant potassium species can be potassium hydroxide (KOH) and/or potassium chloride (KCl). We report a species-specified quantitative measurement of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in combustion environments using laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF). Ultraviolet (UV) light sources with different wavelengths (193, 213 and 266 nm) were investigated to select a proper source ensuring that the excited potassium atoms in the 42P state could be only generated from the KOH molecules, not another major potassium compound, potassium chloride (KCl), and emit fluorescence at 766/769 nm after the photodissociation. After direct comparison, the fourth-harmonic of Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm was found to be the most proper light source. The fluorescence signal was strongly influenced by temperature as KOH molecules at thermally populated excited vibrational levels were needed to produce excited potassium atoms after the 266 nm photolysis. After the calibration using broadband UV absorption spectroscopy, the detection limit of the LIPF planar imaging system was determined to be about 3 ppm at 1750 K under a harsh condition, where about 80% of the fluorescence was re-absorbed by the potassium atoms present in the background gas. The technique was applied to quantitatively measure KOH concentration in the hot flue gasses provided by potassium carbonate seeded flames with varying equivalence ratios, and it was also used to visualize the distribution of KOH vapor above a piece of burning wood char.

In vivo study of the antihypertensive effect of bidara leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) during pregnancy

Background: Bidara is drought tolerant and very easy to grow in tropical climates such as Indonesia. Bidara contains a combination of calcium, potassium, and magnesium, and active flavonoid compounds, and antioxidant activity that play a role in inhibiting free radical damage, improving endothelial function so that it can potentially lower blood pressure. Previous studies explained that a dose variant of no more than 300mg/kg BW is beneficial while minimizing pathological changes. However, there has been no research related to the effect of bidara leaf in lowering blood pressure, so it is necessary to do related research.Objective: Analyze the effect of bidara leaf extract at a 200 mg/kg BW dose and 300 mg/kg BW on systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Methods: 24 pregnant female Wistar rats induced hypertension, aged 6-8 weeks with a weight of 130-230 grams. The rats were randomized so that they consisted of 2 control groups and two experimental groups, which were given various doses of bidara leaf for nine days. Blood pressure was measured using non-invasive CODA.Results: The blood pressure of rats in the bidara leaf extract group at doses of 200mg/kg BW and 300mg/kg BW decreased systolic and diastolic compared to the control group (p<0.05). The 200mg/kg BW dose group experienced a decrease in blood pressure of 12.3% for systolic and 16.32% for diastolic; the 300mg/kg BW dose group experienced a decrease in blood pressure of 19.99% for systolic and 27.73% for diastolic.Conclusion: Bidara leaf extract can reduce the blood pressure of pregnant rats with hypertension.

Preparation of Functional Yoghrt Drink Fortified with Moringa olifera Leaves

Fermented dairy products are considered functional foods, because they have many beneficial effects on human health. Yoghurt is a popular fermented product worldwide. Can yoghurt be innovated by adding ingredients that can improve the quality of the diet, Moringa oleifera (moringa). Leaves have high percentage of nutrient and bioactive compounds. These compounds are proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, vitamins, beta carotene and other bioactive compounds which are essential for preventer anticancer, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and some of therapeutic properties. Various studies have concluded that moringa can be used in food products as a functional ingredient. Different ratios of Moringa oleifera leaves powder extract with ethanol 80 % or water (1, 3 and 5%) were used in preparation of drinking yoghurt and coded respectively as MAE1, MAE2 and MAE3 for alcohol extract and MWE1, MWE2 and MWE3 for water extract. Result showed that MAE2, MAE3 and MWE1 They were the best choice for all sensory attributes and received the highest mean ranking and had the greatest performance for general acceptability in contrast with other treatments. Addition of moringa leaves extract can increase the nutritional and therapeutic properties of the prepared drinking yoghrt. Control has lower total lactic acid bacteria but can increase in addition 5% moringa leaves alcohol extract (MAE3).