Formation Of Posture Research Articles

Evaluation of the effect of occlusion abnormalities on posture formation in children with unilateral cleft upper lip, alveolar process, and palate

Congenital cleft lip and palate (CLP) are among the most complex and severe malformations of the face and jaws. According to statistics, cleft lip and palate make up 20–30% of all human malformations and 86% of maxillofacial malformations. Complex treatment of patients with CLP involves maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, however, the question of postural changes remains open in the interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate. It has been proven that patients with unilateral cleft of the lip and/or palate have mesial occlusion, which, like any anomaly of the size of the facial skull, is interrelated with posture disorders. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of occlusion abnormalities on posture formation in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate to improve the quality of comprehensive medical care. Врожденные расщелины губы и неба (ВРГН) относятся к категории сложных и тяжелых пороков в развитии лица и челюстей. Согласно статистическим данным, расщелины губы и неба составляют 20–30% от всех пороков развития человека и 86% от пороков развития челюстно-лицевой области. В комплексное лечение пациентов с ВРГН вовлечены челюстно-лицевые хирурги, ортодонты, логопеды, однако в междисциплинарном подходе к лечению пациентов с расщелиной губы и неба (мягкого и твердого) остается открытым вопрос постуральных изменений. Доказано, что при односторонних расщелинах губы и/или неба развивается мезиальная окклюзия, которая, как и любая аномалия размера лицевого черепа, взаимосвязана с нарушениями осанки. В связи с этим целью данного исследования стала оценка влияния аномалий зубочелюстной системы на формирование осанки у детей с врожденными расщелинами губы и неба для усовершенствования качества оказания комплексной медицинской помощи.

Rational posture as a priority for preserving and strengthening children's health

Relevance. The need to solve a complex socially-significant problem based on postural disorders in more than 80% of the examined children and adolescents determines the study's relevance. The favourable development of the child's body is a good health guarantee, which determines the fundamental reserve of the growing body's vitality. In modern society, health is a necessary condition for the harmonious development of the individual and a significant contribution to the country's development. Our state supports the development of effective methods of diagnosis, treatment, prevention and complex rehabilitation of children and adults with postural disorders to improve children's general health and quality of life. Material and methods. The search for publications was carried out in the scientific search databases CyberLeninka, eLibrary and MEDLINE/PubMed by the keywords in Russian and in English: "posture", "posture formation", "correct posture", "postural disorders", "health status", "children". We studied the information obtained from 34 Russian language and 23 international literature sources and compiled a literature review. Results. Children of different ages have different physical development disorders and various health problems. Disharmonious physical development, the disproportionality of the facial skeleton, and disorders of the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular systems cause psychological trauma and affect the quality of life of children and adolescents. Extreme manifestations of incorrect loading of the spine (scoliosis, flat feet) and persistent spine deformities may require conservative as well as surgical treatment. Physical and functional disorders of internal organs in young people lead to the high exposure of the latter to social factors and significantly reduce the quality of life, learning skills and ability to work. Conclusion. The authors consider it relevant to clarify the criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the state of posture and necessary to improve evaluation methods for the timely detection, prevention and cure of any disorders of the musculoskeletal system and dental-facial area and thereby contribute to improving the overall health of children.

Possible Factors Affecting Pre-School Children's Irregular Posture Formation

Background. A review of the health and physical activity of children and teenagers in Lithuania over the last twenty years has shown that many aspects of pupil physical capacity have deteriorated between 1992 and 2012 (Venckunas, Emeljanovas, Mieziene, & Volbekiene, 2017). Also research has shown that musculoskeletal disorders were most commonly found in children aged 4 to 6 years (Daniusevičiutė-Brazaitė & Grėbliauskienė, 2019). Therefore, if these negative trends continue, the growing health problems will pose a greater threat to human well-being and become a serious financial burden for the state and society. Currently technologies are an integral part of everyday life, so the need for interactive games or animated programs cannot be doubted. Research (Lobel, Engels, Stone, Burk, & Granic, 2017) has shown that the use of play-based intervention for children significantly improves fine and visual motor performance. Hence, it is important to identify the possible factors affecting pre-school children’s irregular posture formation.
 Methods. The study included 377 preschool children from 4 to 6 years old. Three evaluations were performed in the study: posture (using W. K. Hoeger posture assessment methodology), abdominal and back muscle endurance, and balance (Arcinavičius,, Kesminas, & Milčarek, 2004).
 Results. Assessing the results of the shoulder position of 5-year-old children, results showed that only 16% had good shoulder posture, satisfactory – 74%, bad – 10%. Age was found to have no effect on posture assessment results. According to the study, balance, back, and abdominal functional capacity were better in 6-year-old children.
 Conclusion. After analyzing 4-year old children group torso, abdomen, lower spine and legs, we can see that a higher percentage of children had a satisfactory posture in the aforementioned body parts. According to the posture results, the most abnormal part of the body was the abdomen. The study data showed that 6-year-old subjects’ balance, lower spine and abdominal performance were better compared to other age groups.
 Keywords: preschool child, physical activity, posture.

Modern approaches to the development of motor function in younger schoolchildren with postural disorders

The article identifies the causes of deviations in the development of posture in children of primary school age and characterizes the influence of this pathology on the health and physical development of schoolchildren. The necessity of development of coordination of movements in children of 6-10 years old, as well as its role in the formation of posture, prevention and correction of its defects has been substantiated. The modern approaches to the development of the motor function of schoolchildren with postural disorders are disclosed. The specificity of the action of physical exercises for the formation of the correct motor stereotype of the posture of students is highlighted, the features of the influence of dosed muscle tensions for the prevention and correction of the posture of younger students are characterized. During primary school age it is important to form the correct posture, prevent and prevent various deformities of the spine, as well as the use of dosed muscle tension and skills to maintain physiologically correct torso position in the sagittal plane and symmetrical spine position in the front to eliminate deviations in posture development at the initial stages of the ir appearance. The degree of development and opportunities for improvement of the motor sphere of children is limited by the presence of disorders of the functional activity of sensory and physiological systems of the body, including disorders of the musculoskeletal system, which include deviations in posture development. Lag in the development of motor skills of children increases the risk of forming an incorrect motor stereotype of posture and vice versa, in children with deviations in posture development there is a complication of motor skills, insufficient development of certain muscle groups, impaired balance, coordination. There are no medical contraindications to exercise in children of primary school age with postural disorders. Formation of motor function of junior schoolchildren with posture disorders involves the use of dosed exercise for the development of musculoskeletal sensitivity, development of rational flexibility of the spine, strengthening muscle groups of the muscular corset, normalization of torso muscle tone, taking into account the type of posture disorder. The development of coordination of movements of junior schoolchildren is a necessary condition for consolidating physiologically correct tors o positions while maintaining a stable posture and movement.

Implementation of the technological block of the methodical system of application of fitness technologies in the educational process of physical education of students

The content of the article is to implement and implement a technological block of the methodological system of application of fitness technologies in the educational process of physical education of students. It has been researched that the formation of the technological block of the methodological system provides diagnostics of students' health status, physical development and physical fitness during exercise of fitness technologies. It is determined that the formation of the technological block of the methodological system depends to a certain extent on the level of motor activity of students. Motor activity is one of the factors that determine the level of metabolic processes in the body and the state of its bone, muscle, and cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Accordingly, the distribution of students by the level of physical activity is quite promising, but from a practical point of view, it is a direction that is difficult to implement during the exercise of fitness technologies in the educational process of physical education. It was found out that the formation of the technological block of the methodological system should take into account that self-study should occupy an important place in the system of physical improvement of students. These can be complexes of exercise at home, in the open air, during rest, morning hygienic gymnastics, wellness walking and jogging, skiing, ice skating and cycling, training on simulators, sports games at the place of residence, hiking and excursions, traveling to mountains, other cities and countries, etc. The introduction of the methodological system in the technological block also implies the activation of aesthetic education to the formation of posture, physique, beauty of its physical appearance through training of fitness technologies.

Bases fisiológicas de la corrección de los trastornos posturales mediante actividad muscular ordenada regularmente

Posture deformation occurs under the influence of factors that violate the vertical position of the spine. When the load on the spine is redistributed, the position of the body is adjusted by selective training of the muscles of the trunk and changing the position of the pelvis in the frontal plane. Exercises for impaired posture should be aimed primarily at preventing progression and correcting curvature and twisting of the vertebrae. It is important not only the correction of curvature, but also the stabilization of the spine in a corrected position. Saving the achieved results contributes to the formation of a new static-dynamic stereotype of the spine. This is possible by deliberately influencing the upper and lower in relation to the main curvature of the links of the musculoskeletal system and muscle tone-regulating groups involved in posture formation.

THE EFFECT OF ANIMATED PLAY PROGRAM ON IRREGULAR POSTURE FORMATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Background. Insufficient back muscle tone of 6–7-year-old children does not guarantee stable spin curves. The preschool children’s posture is an important society problem that raises the scientists interest (Okely, Trost, Steele, Cliff, & Mickle, 2009), when posture is formed during the pre-school period and taking into account fine motor skills peculiarities, it is possible to ensure the optimal movement function (Rodger & Vishram, 2010). The purpose of this study was to identify the need for animated play programs and risk factors for the development of about 4–7-year-old children’s abnormal posture. Methods. We analysed annual preventive health collaborating with public health professionals and pre-school medical personnel. Two social surveys were conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire for respondents. The first survey included questions to parents/caregivers (interpersonal level) in order to establish the psychomotor development of children up to one year of age and possible causes of abnormal posture formation. The second survey had questions to the kindergarten educators and administration (organizational level) in order to find out the need for animated play programs in the educational process. The survey questions were based on the child’s motor development principles. Research participants were 311 parents/caregivers and 117 kindergarten educators. Anonymous online surveys were conducted between October and December of 2018. Results. According to the analysis of annual preventive health indicators, less than half of the pre-school age children were healthy in Kaunas city and with the age the number of healthy children decreased. Analysis of preventive health checks in pre-school children showed that skeletal muscle disorders were most common in children aged 4 to 6 years. Parents/caregivers, kindergarten educators and the administration indicated that physical activity had a positive effect on the child’s posture in the educational institution, but parents/caregivers had doubts that kindergarten had a favourable environment for the child’s posture correction. Conclusion. As a result, most kindergarten educators and administrators as well as parents/caregivers believed that animated play programs in kindergarten would help to improve posture.