Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form Research Articles

Network analysis of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth symptoms among women in subsequent pregnancies following pregnancy loss

BackgroundPregnant women who have undergone pregnancy loss often display both posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, the precise relationship and structure of symptomatic levels of PTS and PTG have not been well understood. This study aimed to assess the associations between PTS and PTG symptoms in women during subsequent pregnancies following a previous pregnancy loss.MethodsA total of 406 pregnant women with a history of pregnancy loss were included in this study. The Impact of Events Scale-6 (IES-6) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF) were used to assess symptoms of PTS and PTG, respectively. The Graphical Gaussian Model was employed to estimate the network model. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified based on “expected influence” and “bridge expected influence” indices, respectively. The stability and accuracy of the network were examined using the case-dropping procedure and nonparametric bootstrapped procedure.ResultsThe network analysis identified PTG3 (“Ability to do better things”) as the most central symptom, followed by PTS3 (“Avoidance of thoughts”) and PTG6 (“New path for life”) in the sample. Additionally, PTS3 (“Avoidance of thoughts”) and PTG9 (“Perception of greater personal strength”) were bridge symptoms linking PTS and PTG clusters. The network structure was robust in stability and accuracy tests.ConclusionsInterventions targeting the central symptoms identified, along with key bridge symptoms, have the potential to alleviate the severity of PTS experienced by women with a history of pregnancy loss and promote their personal growth.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), the 8- and 10-item post-traumatic growth inventory-short form (PTGI-SF) scales.

Given their clinical significance and impact on stress response and their potential malleability, resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) should receive greater attention as relevant constructs in clinical and research practice in the Arab context. We aimed through the present study to test the psychometric properties of Arabic translations of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), the 10-item and the 8-item Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) in a sample of Lebanese adults from the general population. Three hundred eighty-seven Arabic-speaking participants (mean age = 26.17; 58.4% females) responded to a self-report web-based questionnaire. The forward and backward translation method was applied with the approval of the original developers of the scales. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that fit of the one-factor model was acceptable, and all indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender for all the three scales. The CD-RISC-10, the 10-item and the 8-item PTGI-SF yielded a good internal consistency, with a McDonald's ω of .89, .95, and .93, respectively. Higher resilience and higher PTG were significantly and positively associated with greater cognitive reappraisal and lower emotion suppression, supporting convergent validity. We preliminarily suggest that these Arabic instruments are appropriate for use in Lebanese community adults to assess different positive responses after life crises, identify people with lack or low levels of resilience and growth who might need intervention, and monitor their response to therapy. Further cross-cultural validations should seek to extend their use in broader Arabic-speaking populations and settings.

The Role of Social Support and Mindfulness on The Posttraumatic Growth of Young Adults Surviving Childhood Maltreatment

Recent research has found that negative experiences due to childhood maltreatment do not always persist; survivors can experience positive growth, which is called posttraumatic growth (PTG). Two of the protective factors that encourage PTG are social support and mindfulness. Social support through empathy, giving new perspectives, and appreciation can help survivors deal effectively with traumatic events and lead to the PTG process. In addition, survivors who have mindfulness can also practice direct involvement with their thoughts and feelings, not judge traumatic events, and help survivors rebuild the meaning of the world. This correlational and quantitative study examined the role of social support and mindfulness in posttraumatic growth (PTG) among 114 young adult survivors of childhood maltreatment aged 20–40 years (M = 24.84, SD = 4.55). The measuring tools used in this study were the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Short Form (PTG-SF), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Tarumanagara Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (TFFMQ), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (CTQ-SF). Using multiple regression analysis, results showed that social support (β = 0.350 p < 0.01) and mindfulness (β = 0.336 p < 0.01) had a positive effect on PTG in young adults who survived childhood maltreatment, with the higher support and mindfulness felt by the survivors, the higher the PTG they experienced. This research shows the importance of social support and mindfulness in shaping positive changes in the lives of young adults who have survived childhood maltreatment.

GRIEF, POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS AND POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AMONG BEREAVED FAMILIES DUE TO COVID-19

The aim of the current research was to investigate the nature of relationships among grief, post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Mean group differences on study variables based on circumstantial factors and demographic characteristics of the participants and the deceased including gender were inquired. A sample of 331 participants above 16 years, who had lost family members, near relative and close friends due to Covid-19, were selected. Translation process of scale, prolonged grief scale was carried out through back-translation design. Adapted Urdu versions of prolonged grief scale (Prigerson et al., 2021), post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-DSM-5 (Weathers et al., 2013) and post-traumatic growth inventory-short form (Cann et al., 2010), along with a demographic sheet were used. Translation process of prolonged grief scale was carried out through back-translation design. The results showed that grief was positively significantly correlated with post-traumatic stress and significantly negatively correlated with posttraumatic growth; post-traumatic stress had significantly negatively correlated with post-traumatic growth. Results of t-test showed that females had significantly more intense grief and post-traumatic stress, whereas males reported greater experience of post-traumatic growth. Result also showed that there were significantly more grief and posttraumatic stress, where death of male occurred. Limitations of the current study were also highlighted and suggestions for future research are mentioned.

DEPREME MARUZ KALMIŞ KİŞİLER ARASINDA TRAVMA SONRASI BÜYÜME ENVANTERİ-KISA FORMUNUN PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışmada Travma Sonrası Büyüme Envanterinin (TSBE) kısa formunun Türkçe çevirisinin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş merkezli depreme maruz kalıp Mersin’e gelen yaşları 18 ile 65 arasında olan 405 yetişkinden (Myaş= 32.25, SS=10.56) oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar Sosyo-demografik veri formu, Travma Sonrası Büyüme Envanteri- Kısa Formu, Postrtravmatik Stres Bozukluğu Soru Listesi-Sivil Versiyonu ve Hayatın Anlamı Ölçeğini doldurmuşlardır. TSBE- kısa formun Türkçe dilindeki en iyi faktöriyel yapısının belirlenmesi amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yöntemi ile üç model sınanmıştır. Bulgular, beş-faktörlü yapının en iyi uyum indekslerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliği ile ilgili olarak ölçeğin puanlarının travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve hayatın anlamı değişkenleri ile pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak ölçeğin toplam puanının ve alt boyutlarının Cronbach alfa ve Guttman iki yarım güvenirlik puanlarının yeterli düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular, yaşanan yoğun stresin ardından travma sonrası büyümeyi değerlendirmede Türkçe dilinde zaman açısından daha kolaylık sağlayacak olan Travma Sonrası Büyüme Envanteri - Kısa Formunun kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

The relationship among posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and suicidal ideation among Italian healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health across different groups, including healthcare workers (HWs). To date, few studies focused on potential positive aspects that may follow the exposure to the pandemic. We investigated the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Italian HWs and whether posttraumatic growth (PTG) dimensions affected the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) during the first COVID-19 wave. An online self-report survey was conducted between April and May 2020. Sociodemographic data, information about COVID-19-related stressful events, Impact of the Event Scale-revised, and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) scores were collected and compared between participants. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores were also collected to assess SI through item 9. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between PTGI and SI. Among 948 HWs, 257 (27.0%) reported a provisional PTSD diagnosis. The median PTGI-SF score was 24. Participants reporting PTSD symptoms had higher scores in the Spiritual change, Appreciation of life, and New possibilities domains, and in the total PTG scale. A total of 100 HWs (10.8%) screened positive for SI. Improvements in Relating to others domain of PTGI-SF (odds ratioOR: .46; 95% confidence interval: .25-.85) were associated with lower odds of SI. COVID-19 pandemic has been indicated as a risk factor for SI, also among HWs. PTG may have a protective role on suicide risk. Improvements in Relating to others domain reduced odds of SI, consistently with the role of loneliness and lack of connectedness with others in enhancing suicidal risk.

The prevalence and factors associated with posttraumatic growth after 3-years outbreak of COVID-19 among resident physicians in China: a cross-sectional study.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global traumatic event that has profoundly struck individuals' mental health. However, this might potentially promote positive transformation such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Studies have indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the well-being of resident physicians, but little is known about PTG among this vulnerable population in China. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of PTG among Chinese resident physicians after 3-years outbreak of COVID-19. An online survey was conducted from 9 March to 20 March in 2023. PTG was assessed using the 10-item Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF). Scores ≥30 implied moderate-to-high PTG. We also collected possible associated factors for PTG, including socio-demographic and psychological variables. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. In total, 2267 Chinese resident physicians provided validated data. 38.7% of them reported moderate-to-high PTG. In the multivariable logistic regression models, age (odds ratio, OR = 1.039; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI = 1.008-1.070), female (OR = 1.383, 95%CI = 1.151-1.662), satisfied or neutral with annual income (OR = 2.078, 95%CI = 1.524-2.832; OR = 1.416, 95%CI = 1.157-1.732), sufficient support at work (OR = 1.432, 95%CI = 1.171-1.751) and resilience (OR = 1.171, 95%CI = 1.096-1.252) were significantly positively associated with moderate-to-high PTG. On the contrary, burnout (OR = 0.653, 95%CI = 0.525-0.812), depression symptoms (OR = 0.700, 95%CI = 0.552-0.889), and stress (OR = 0.757, 95%CI = 0.604-0.949) were significantly negatively associated with moderate-to-high PTG. Overall, resident physicians in China experienced relatively high prevalence of PTG that could be associated with several psychosocial factors. Findings may provide evidence to develop interventions for resident physicians to systematically and constructively process traumatic events related to the pandemic and foster their PTG.

Head and Neck Cancer Survivors’ Perceptions of Cancer Treatment and Posttraumatic Growth

Introduction: Cancer patients’ perception on the treatment they received is vital to determine their adherence to cancer treatment, but important data on how this variable affects posttraumatic growth (PTG) experience by cancer patients is lacking. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the degree of PTG among a cohort of head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors who were within first year of diagnosis and determined the association between perception of cancer treatment received (expectation and satisfaction with cancer treatment received and the feeling about the adverse effects) and PTG controlling for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: HNC survivors were recruited from two oncology referral centres, and they were administered socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Malay version of the Cancer Therapy Satisfaction Questionnaire (CTSQ) (to assess the satisfaction, expectation and feeling about the adverse effects of cancer treatment received) and the Malay version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGi-SF) (to measure the degree of PTG). Results: A total of 200 HNC survivors participated in the study. The mean total PTGI-SF score was 39.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 9.3). Greater degree of positive expectation of cancer treatment and satisfaction with cancer treatment received significantly contributed to higher level of PTG, whereas feeling about side effects of treatment was not associated with PTG, after controlling for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Conclusion: Incorporating psychosocial interventions (such as education on cancer treatment and counselling) into the treatment regimen may facilitate development of PTG and hence, safeguard the mental well-being of HNC patients.

Rural and Agricultural Natural Disaster Stress and Recovery: A Comparison

ABSTRACT This study used a novel survey instrument to evaluate the hypothesis that U.S. agricultural producers have significantly different stress and recovery experiences following acute-onset natural disaster compared to their non-agricultural counterparts. Participants were recruited through local organizations and targeted email and social media in communities in Arkansas and Nebraska that had experienced violent tornadoes in 2014 and/or severe flooding in 2019. The survey instrument incorporated the Brief Resilience Scale, the Revised Impact of Event Scale referencing two time points, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form, and original questions. Demographic, exposure, stress, and recovery measures were analyzed in SAS with Chi-square tests, t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, and multiple linear regression modeling to test for differences between agricultural and non-agricultural groups in resilience, event exposure, stress symptoms in the week after the event, stress symptoms in the month before the survey, a calculated recovery ratio, and posttraumatic growth. Analysis sample (N = 159) contained 20.8% agricultural occupation, 71.1% female, and 49.1% over age 55. No significant differences were found between agricultural and non-agricultural participants when comparing resilience, stress, or recovery ratio measures. Unadjusted posttraumatic growth score was significantly lower in the agriculture group (P = .02), and an occupation group by sex interaction was significantly associated with posttraumatic growth score (P = .02) when controlled for number of initial posttraumatic stress symptoms in the adjusted model, with agricultural women showing lower growth. Overall, there was no evidence of significant difference in disaster stress and recovery between agricultural and rural, non-agricultural groups in this study. There was some evidence that women in agriculture may have lower levels of recovery. Data indicated that rural residents continue to experience posttraumatic-type symptoms up to 8 years beyond the acute-onset natural disaster events. Communities should include strategies to support mental and emotional health in their preparedness, response, and recovery plans with intentional inclusion of agricultural populations.

Predictors at 6 and 12 Months for Social Participation Outcome at 24 Months in the Adult Burn Injury Population: A Burn Model System National Database Study

ObjectiveTo identify clinical factors (physical and psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth) that predict social participation outcome at 24-month after burn injury. DesignA prospective cohort study based on Burn Model System National Database. SettingBurn Model System centers. Participants181 adult participants less than 2 years after burn injury (N=181). InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresDemographic and injury variables were collected at discharge. Predictor variables were assessed at 6 and 12 months: Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) Depression, Anxiety, Sleep Disturbance, Fatigue, and Pain Interference short forms, and self-reported Heat Intolerance. Social participation was measured at 24 months using the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Social Interactions and Social Activities short forms. ResultsLinear and multivariable regression models were used to examine predictor variables for social participation outcomes, controlling for demographic and injury variables. For LIBRE Social Interactions, significant predictors included the PCL-C total score at 6 months (β=-0.27, P<.001) and 12 months (β=-0.39, P<.001), and PROMIS-29 Pain Interference at 6 months (β=-0.20, P<.01). For LIBRE Social Activities, significant predictors consisted of the PROMIS-29 Depression at 6 months (β=-0.37, P<.001) and 12 months (β=-0.37, P<.001), PROMIS-29 Pain Interference at 6 months (β=-0.40, P<.001) and 12 months (β=-0.37, P<.001), and Heat Intolerance at 12 months (β=-4.55, P<.01). ConclusionsPost-traumatic stress and pain predicted social interactions outcomes, while depression, pain and heat intolerance predicted social activities outcomes in people with burn injury.

111 Predictors of Social Participation Outcomes at Two Years after Burn Injury

Abstract Introduction People with burn injury often experience long-term social participation challenges. A previous study explored demographic and injury variables predicting social participation outcomes after burn injury. This study aims to further examine post-traumatic growth, and physical and psychological symptoms as predictors of social participation. Methods This is a multi-center Burn Model System (BMS) study with a prospective cohort design. Adult BMS Database participants from July 2018 to April 2022 were included. Predictors were measured at 12- and 24-month after injury including Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory Short Form (PTGI-SF), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, Pain Interference and Heat Intolerance. Social participation outcomes were measured with Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Social Interactions and Social Activities at 24-month after injury. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between predictors and outcomes. Results A total of 158 burn survivors were included with an average age of 47 years and a mean burn size of 19.5% total body surface area. Significant predictors included PCL-C and PROMIS-29 Depression for LIBRE Social Interactions, and Heat Intolerance, PROMIS-29 Pain Interference and Depression, and PCL-C for LIBRE Social Activities. See Table 1 for details of regression results. Conclusions Overall, self-reported post-traumatic stress and depression are associated with limited social interactions while heat intolerance, pain interference, depression, and post-traumatic stress are related to fewer social activities. Applicability of Research to Practice This study improves our understanding of the multiple and modifiable factors which influence social participation after burn injury.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic First Wave on Healthcare Workers: A New Perspective from Qualifying PTSD Criterion A to Assessing Post-Traumatic Growth.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) and specific traumatic events have been poorly explored in the literature focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among healthcare workers (HWs) tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. In a large sample of Italian HWs, we investigated the kinds of traumatic events and whether PTG affects the risk of PTSD, along with its prevalence and features, during the first COVID-19 wave. COVID-19-related stressful events, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and PTG Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) scores were collected through an online survey. Out of 930 HWs included in the final sample, 257 (27.6%) received a provisional PTSD diagnosis based on IES-R scores. Events referring to the overall pandemic (40%) and to a threat to a family member (31%) were reported as the most stressful events. Female sex, previous mental disorders, job seniority, unusual exposure to sufferance and experiencing a threat to one's family significantly increased the provisional PTSD diagnosis' risk, while being a physician, the availability of personal protective equipment and moderate/greater scores on the PTGI-SF spiritual change domain were found to be protective factors.

Posttraumatic Growth: The Role of Trauma Exposure and Family Hardiness Against Pasigala Liquefaction Survivors

The natural disaster occurred in PASIGALA in 2018 left a significant impact on the survivors of liquefaction. Research on recovery after a disaster focuses on the positive outcomes by survivors. This study aims to determine the role of trauma exposure and family hardiness in developing posttraumatic growth (PTG). Participants in this study were 147 adult survivors (Musia = 23.06, SD = 4.12) spread across Palu City and Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. PTG was measured by Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short-Form (PTGI-SF), trauma exposure was measured by modification of the Earthquake Exposure Questionnaire and Impact of Event Scale, and family hardiness was measured by Family Hardiness Index (FHI). The hierarchical regression test found that trauma exposure and family hardiness significantly predicted 7% and 17.2% of posttraumatic growth variances when other variables were controlled. Then, the mediation test showed that family hardiness had a significant or partial role as a mediator between trauma exposure and PTG. The more trauma exposures experienced by individuals when natural disasters occurred, with a higher level of family hardiness, individuals would achieve a higher PTG condition (c = 0.759, p &lt; 0.01) than if only considering the role of trauma exposure (c' = 0.301, p &lt; 0.01). This shows that family hardiness is an important factor to consider when assisting liquefaction disaster survivors who are exposed to traumatic events in developing posttraumatic growth

Post-traumatic growth and perceived social support in young adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: Pandemics would certainly have a negative impact on mental health. Positive modifications as well as negative alterations have been documented in earlier viral pandemic according to previous investigations. Teenagers face a variety of challenges during adolescence. Adolescents may become more concerned if this time coincides with other worries. This study aims to investigate the positive changes that occur in a young adolescent’s life after COVID-19 pandemic, and to see how they relate to perceived social support. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on adolescents who were randomly selected from high schools in Kerman, Iran 2020 during the COVID-19. the sample size was 108 and for sampling wes used multi-stage random sampling at the end the data was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Demographic information, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory short form (PTGI-SF) were used to collect data. The data were subjected to descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Pearson correlation) using SPSS software version 24. Results: Statistically a positive correlation was found between the PTG total score and young homeschooled adolescents, parents working remotely, income loss and COVID-19 experience. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a positive association was found between perceived social support and PTG total scores in young adolescents. There were also substantial positive connections between the MSPSS subscales and the PTGI overall score. Conclusion: Based on the findings, an overall growth in all areas of PTG was observed during the COVID-19 among young adolescents. Perceived social support scores have a positive and significant relationship with COVID-19 effects. In the crises we face throughout life, intimate family members and friends play a significant supporting role in adapting to these situations.

Posttraumatic growth related to the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with lived experience of psychiatric disorder.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to be detrimental to mental health, it may hold a parallel potential for positive change. Little is known about posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a potential outcome for individuals with lived experience of psychiatric disorders following trauma exposure, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 1,424 adults with lived experience of a psychiatric disorder who took part in a longitudinal study of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic conducted by the National Centre for Mental Health. PTG was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF). Factors hypothesized to be associated with PTG were investigated using linear regression. The mean participant PTGI score was 12.64 (SD = 11.01). On average, participants reported the highest scores on items related to appreciation of life and lowest on those related to spiritual change subscale. We found the strongest evidence of associations between higher levels of PTG and higher scores on assessment items related to perceived social support, B = 2.86; perceptions of the pandemic as traumatic, B = 4.89; and higher psychological well-being, B = 0.40. Taken together, we did not observe evidence of widespread PTG related to the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with lived experiences of psychiatric disorders.

The role of repetitive thinking and spirituality in the development of posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Both post-traumatic growth (PTG) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with spirituality and different kinds of repetitive thinking, such as deliberate rumination (DR) and intrusive rumination (IR), respectively. This study aimed to examine if spirituality modifies the relationship between types of rumination and trauma outcomes. Ninety-six students completed an online survey of four questionnaires in a cross-sectional online survey: The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, the Event Related Rumination Inventory, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short form and the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory- Revised. Findings revealed that spirituality was related to DR and PTG, but not to IR or PTSD symptoms. Moderation analysis showed that spirituality significantly moderated the relationship between PTG and DR, but not the relationship between PTSD and IR. These findings indicate that while spirituality has no relationship with negative outcomes of trauma, it may help individuals to ruminate in a constructive manner in order to develop positive outcomes.

The North Italian Longitudinal Study Assessing the Mental Health Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Health Care Workers-Part II: Structural Validity of Scales Assessing Mental Health.

It is unclear if the factor structure of the questionnaires that were employed by studies addressing the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Healthcare Workers (HCW) did not change due to the pandemic. The aim of this study is to assess the factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the factor structure of the General Health Questionnare-12 (GHQ-12), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5-Short Form (PCL-5-SF), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF). Out of n = 805 HCWs from a University hospital who responded to a pre-COVID-19 survey, n = 431 were re-assessed after the COVID-19 outbreak. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the MBI showed adequate fit and good internal consistency only after removal of items 2, 6, 12 and 16. The assumptions of configural and metric longitudinal invariance were met, whereas scalar longitudinal invariance did not hold. CFAs and exploratory bifactor analyses performed using data from the second wave confirmed that the GHQ-12, the PCL-5-SF, the PTGI-SF and the CD-RISC-10 were unidimensional. In conclusion, we found support for a refined version of the MBI. The comparison of mean MBI values in HCWs before and after the pandemic should be interpreted with caution.

The Spanish Posttraumatic Growth Inventory - Short Form in Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors can experience psychological changes and growth as a consequence of their victimization experience, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensionality, reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory - Short Form (PTGI-SF) (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) in a sample of 104 adult survivors of CSA. Different models of PTGI-SF validated in different languages and samples were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results showed that the original five-factor model exhibited the best goodness of fit. Internal consistency was adequate for the general scale, and acceptable for the five different factors. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the PTGI-SF total score and psychosocial and mental health problems, as well as gender differences, with women tending to report more PTG than men. These results suggest that the Spanish PTGI-SF is a brief, reliable, valid self-report measure for assessing PTG experienced by CSA survivors.

Religious Beliefs, Work Motivation, Risk Perception and Posttraumatic Growth in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19

This research was conducted to assess the posttraumatic growth (PTG) experienced by the healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose was to observe whether religious beliefs predicted PTG during a pandemic and the mediating role of work motivation for the relationship between religious beliefs and PTG in the healthcare workers. It was also investigated if the risk perception regarding the virus had any implicating effects on the relationship of religious beliefs and posttraumatic growth. The sample (N=97) consisted of resident doctors (n=56), physicians (n=23), surgeons (n=03) and a nurse (n=01); which was comprised of both men (n=52) and women (n=45). The Religious Belief Scale (RBS), Work Intrinsic Extrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) were employed to collect data. The Perception of Risk was measured through items that had been previously used to assess the risk perception of healthcare workers during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic. The responses from participants was collected through both online and in person. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to assess the significance of relationships while Hierarchal Regression was used to assess the role of religious beliefs of healthcare workers. Moreover, PROCESS macro was used to evaluate the presence of mediation and moderation. The results revealed that religious beliefs and self-regulated motivation were significant predictors of PTG while self-regulated motivation also mediated the direct relationship between religious beliefs and PTG. Investigation of possible factors that bring about growth after experiencing trauma is an essential need of these turbulent times.

Posttraumatic growth and its association with unmet supportive care needs and fear of cancer progression among head and neck cancer patients.

Background and aimsThe assessment of supportive care needs and fear of cancer progression are important variables to be considered when evaluating the psychological aspects of cancer patients. However, data on how these variables affect posttraumatic growth (PTG) are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the level of PTG among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients within the first year of cancer diagnosis and to determine the association between unmet supportive care needs, fear of cancer progression, and the level of PTG.MethodsParticipants were administered socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire; the 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-34) to measure the unmet needs; 12-item Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) to measure the fear of progression of cancer; and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Short Form (PTGI-SF) to measure the degree of PTG.ResultsA total of 190 HNC participants reported a mean total PTGI-SF score of 39.3 (standard deviation = 9.5). General linear model revealed that higher degree of patients’ physical and daily living unmet needs and fear of cancer progression significantly predicted lower PTG, after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors.ConclusionHNC patients within the first year of cancer diagnosis reported a high level of PTG. Despite that, psychosocial intervention for HNC patients should emphasize on counteracting patients’ physical and daily living unmet needs and fear of cancer progression to improve the psychological well-being of patients.