Post-test Research Articles

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

This research aims to determine the effect of the inquiry learning model on student learning outcomes in class IV Mathematics at SD Negeri 22 Sigaol Marbun for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is an experimental method with a quantitative research type. To obtain the data required a test instrument of 25 questions. The total research sample was 31 students based on purposive sampling technique. To determine students' initial abilities, the research conducted a Pre Test with an average score of 56.77 which was included in the poor category. The results of the Post Test have improved from the Pre Test results given previously with the students' average score reaching 73.29 in the good category. It can be said that the level of success in student learning outcomes has increased as evidenced by the results of the correlation coefficient test calculation, which obtained r_count ≥r_tabel with results of 0.716 ≥ 0.355. Next, hypothesis testing compares the t_count ≥t_table value. The obtained value of t_count = 5.523 while t_table = 1.696. Because t_count ≥t_table (5.523 ≥ 1.696) then H_a is accepted and H_o is rejected. Through the t-test, it can be concluded that there is a significant positive influence between the Inquiry learning model (X) on student learning outcomes (Y).

Development of a clinical risk score for the prediction of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in hospitalised patients

BackgroundThe performance and availability of invasive and non-invasive investigations for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) vary across clinical settings. Estimating the pre-test probability of PCP is essential to the optimal selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests, such as the 1,3-β-D-glucan assay (BDG), for the prioritization of bronchoscopy, and to guide empiric treatment decisions. We aimed to develop a multivariable risk score to estimate the pre-test probability of PCP.MethodsThe score was developed from a cohort of 626 individuals who underwent bronchoscopy for the purposes of identifying PCP in a Canadian tertiary-care centre, between 2015 and 2018. We conducted a nested case-control study of 57 cases and 228 unmatched controls. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate adjusted odds ratios for PCP diagnosis. A clinical risk score was derived from the multivariable model and discrimination was assessed by estimating the score’s receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsParticipants had a median age of 60 years (interquartile range [IQR] 49–68) and 115 (40%) were female; 40 (14%) had HIV and 49 (17%) had a solid organ transplant (SOT). The risk score included prior SOT or HIV with CD4 ≤ 200/µL (+ 2), serum lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 265.5 IU/mL (+ 2), radiological pattern typical of PCP on chest x-ray (+ 2) or CT scan (+ 2.5), and PCP prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (-3) or other antimicrobials (-2). The median score was 4 points (IQR, 2-4.5) corresponding to a 28% probability of PCP. The risk prediction model had good discrimination with a c-statistic of 0.79 (0.71–0.84). Given the operating characteristics of the BDG assay, scores ≤ 3 in patients without HIV, and ≤ 5.5 in those with HIV, paired with a negative BDG, would be expected to rule out PCP with 95% certainty.ConclusionWe propose the PCP Score to estimate pre-test probability of PCP. Once validated, it should help clinicians determine which patients to refer for invasive investigations, when to rely on serological testing, and in whom to consider pre-emptive treatment.

The Development of Using Lao Language for Communication of Teacher in Phonethong District, Luangprabang Province Academic year 2020 - 2021

The purposes of research are: 1) to develop the teaching of Lao language for communication for teachers at Phonthong secondary School, Phonethong District, Luang Prabang Province, 2). to examine the results of theteaching of Lao language for communication for teachers, and 3). to investigate the teachers’ satisfaction with the learning activities in teaching Lao language for communication for teachers at Phonthong secondary School, Phonethong District, Luang Prabang Province. This study model was the measurement of before and after the pilot activities which employed the one – Group Pretest – Posttest Design for data collection. The target group consisted of 23 Lao language teachers at Phonthong Secondary School, Phonthong District, Luangprabang Province for the academic year 2021. The instruments used for the study comprised of 1) lesson plans on the subject of Lao language for communication for teachers. 2) pre – post tests of training achievement, 3) a questionnaire for eliciting the teachers’ opinions concerning their satisfaction towards the learning activities on the Lao language teaching for communication for teachers, and 4) the assessment form of ability to speak the Lao language for trainees and the collected data was analyzed by means of calculating arithmetic mean, standard deviation and percentage. The result vealed that: 1. The learning activities using teaching the Lao language for communication for teachers as was statistically significant at 0.00 difference with the, mean (after learning) of 12.83 and S.D. of 2.33 (12.83, SD=2.33) which is higher than the mean ( before learning ) of 15.91 and S.D. of 1.96 (15.91, SD=1.96) which is in accordance with the established assumptions. 2. The participants showed the “highest” level of satisfaction towards the learning activities using the teaching of the Lao language for communication for (4.51, SD=0.61). However, when considering each aspect, it could be seen that the participants show the highest “highest” level of satisfaction towards the measurement and evaluation (4.56, SD= 0.60), followed by the environment aspect (4.55, SD= 0.53), teaching and learning activities, application, lesson content and teaching methods (4.50, SD= 0.54), (4.49, SD= 0.61), (4.46, SD= 0.61), (4.43, SD= 0.56) respectively, and they were also concistant with the established assumptions.

Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) on Hemoglobin Level among Pregnant Women in Third Trimester

Background: In 2018, 41,8% of amternal mortality in developing countries was caused by anemia in pregnancy, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia is still very high at 44,2%. One of the causes of anemia is a lack of iron in the body. Anemia can be prevented by consuming foods that contain iron and vitamin C to help the absorbtion process, by consuming katuk leaves while continuing to consume Fe Tablets according to government recommendations.Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus) and Fe Tablets on hemoglobin levels among pregnant women in third trimester.Methods: This research is aquassy experiment pre and post test with control group design. The population in this study was 86 third trimester pregnant women which 45 had anemia in last 6 month at Private Midwifery Practice N. The sample were divided by intervention group and cotrol group, each group was 15 pregnant women, according to sample theory of experimental research. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The research instrument used observation sheets and Digital Hemoglobinometer. The data analyzed with parametric test, the t-test.Results: The result of statistic tests showed that there was an effect of katuk leaves and Fe tablets on hemoglobin level with p value of 0,00 (0,005).Conclusion: Consumption katuk leaves and Fe tablet is more effective in changing hemoglobin levels compared to consuming Fe tablets only.

Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infection among Blood Donor at a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh: One Year Retrospective Study

Background: A transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) is an infection that is transmitted from person to person through parental administration of blood and blood products. The magnitude of transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) varies from country to country depending on TTI’s load in that particular population. Measuring their severity their severity WHO (World Health Organization) has recommended pre transfusion blood test for Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Syphilis as mandatory. The aim of the study was to assess the trend and prevalence of TTI among blood donors in BRB Hospitals Limited. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the record from 2022 to 2023 at BRB hospitals limited Transfusion Medicine department. All blood donors who presented to the blood bank and screened for TTI during study period were included. Data was collected, entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007. The descriptive statistics were determined in means of percentage. Chi- square was used for trend analysis and p-value was used to declare the statistical significance between variable. Result: The study included a total of 5074 donors-4,920 (97%) male and 154 (3%) female. Of them 3,840 (76.3%) were directed donor while 1,204 (23.7%) were replacement donor. An overall TTI prevalence rate of 0.95%. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis was 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.07% and 0.2%. Conclusion: Methods to ensure a safety blood supply should be encountered. For that screening with a better selection of donor and used of screening tests including nucleic acid testing technology should be implemented.

Evaluation of three serological tests for the diagnosis of Brucella suis in dogs using Bayesian latent class analysis

Brucella suis infection of dogs is an emerging issue worldwide requiring specific management to address zoonotic risks and animal welfare concerns. Diagnosis in dogs is routinely based on serological testing, but to date these tests have only been validated for use in production animal species and humans. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of three commonly used serological tests in dogs. Canine sera (n = 989) were tested with the Rose Bengal rapid plate agglutination test (RBRPT), the complement fixation test (CFT) and a competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Diagnostic test performance was evaluated using a three test, two population Bayesian latent class analysis accounting for conditional dependence between the three tests. Positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated for a range of expected prevalence estimates for the individual tests and test combinations interpreted in series and parallel. The RBRPT showed the highest individual Se of 0.902 (95 % posterior credible interval [PCI] 0.759–0.978) and the CFT the highest individual diagnostic specificity (Sp) of 0.914 (95 % PCI 0.886–0.946). The C-ELISA had marginally the best overall diagnostic performance (Youden’s index = 0.807). The CFT and the C-ELISA interpreted in parallel returned the highest combined Se and Sp (0.988 and 0.885, respectively). All tests returned NPVs of > 0.982 in 2–8 % prevalence settings. Series interpretation of the three-test combination as well as the two-test combinations of the RBRPT and the C-ELISA and the CFT and the C-ELISA produced a PPV of 0.502 when the estimated prevalence was 8 %. While all tests are suitable for the detection of B. suis antibodies in dogs, they should not be interpreted in isolation as their diagnostic value is dependent on the pre-test probability of the disease. As such they are useful tools for the diagnosis of B. suis in dogs when exposure, history and clinical presentation indicate a risk of brucellosis.

하브루타 토론 활동이 예비유아교사의 수학 교수 효능감과 수학적 태도에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study was conducted to analyze the effects 0f Havruta discussion activities on pre-service early childhood teacher's mathematics teaching efficacy and mathematical attitude. Methods The study was conducted by selecting 13 and 15 students from early childhood education and 3rd graders, respectively, as an experimental group and a comparative group. And mathematics teaching efficacy and mathematical attitude tests were conducted on the study's students through pre and post tests. Results According to the results of this study, First, the experimental group, which was a group of pre-child teachers who conducted Havruta discussion activities, showed significantly higher mathematics teaching efficacy than the comparative group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the results expectation of mathematics teaching and the belief in mathematics teaching ability, a sub-factor of mathematics teaching efficacy. Second, the mathematical attitude of the pre-child teacher group who conducted the Havruta discussion activity was significantly higher than that of the pre-child teacher group who did not. Among the sub-factors of mathematical attitude, the experimental group's score was significantly higher than that of the comparative group in the case of interest in mathematics, motivation for mathematics, and self-concept in mathematics, and the experimental group scored significantly lower than the comparative group in the case of anxiety about mathematics. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the value of mathematics. Conclusions In summary, the results of this study show that Havruto discussion activities significantly enhance the mathematics teaching efficacy and mathematical attitude of pre-child teachers. These findings demonstrate the value of actively utilizing Havruta discussion activities to enhance the mathematics teaching efficacy and mathematical attitude of pre-child teachers.

The Effect of a Training Programme (Skill-Psychological) on the Psychological Fitness and Performance of some Offensive skills of Volleyball Players

Volleyball is a competitive sport activity characterized by a direct struggle between two teams: Volleyball is one of the competitive sports activities that are characterized by direct struggle between two teams, as it has become a lot of practice today and occupies a good position as it is at a high and beautiful level of performance, so there is a desire for those who practice it to appear integrated performance as it is a combination of many different skills, whether offensive or defensive. Hence the importance of the research lies in knowing the extent of the effect of a training programme (skill - psychological) on psychological fitness and performance of some offensive skills in volleyball players. The issue lies in the fact that the player faces difficulties and psychological pressures during the match and his inability to regulate and control his emotions and greatly affect his performance, so the researcher decided to study the effect of a training programme (skill-psychological) on the psychological fitness and performance of some offensive skills in volleyball players. The aim is to find out the effect of a training programme on psychological fitness and performance of some offensive skills. It is hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests in psychological fitness and the performance of some offensive skills in the sample. The experimental approach was used. The sample was volleyball players. It used the appropriate methods, tools and devices for research and also used the scale and tests and conducted pre and post tests and the exploratory and main experiment and the number of units was 16 units, two units per week, and concluded that the training exercises (skill - psychological) have a clear impact on the psychological fitness of players.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage in the emergency department (SHED): a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study

BackgroundPeople presenting to the ED with acute severe headache often undergo investigation to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). International guidelines propose that brain imaging within 6 hours of headache onset can...

To PE or Not to PE: Perfusion SPECT/CT Avoids Overdiagnosis.

A 41-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer presented with dyspnea, hypoxia, and elevated d -dimer. Perfusion planar imaging followed by SPECT/CT of the chest was performed due to the patient's iodinated contrast allergy. Planar images showed multiple pleural-based wedge-shaped defects concerning for bilateral pulmonary embolism (PE). Perfusion SPECT/CT of the chest confirmed multiple areas of perfusion defects but was considered negative for PE and attributed the perfusion defects to the compressing of pulmonary vasculature from metastatic lymph nodes and pulmonary masses. Given the high pretest probability of PE, a CT pulmonary angiogram was performed after premedication for contrast allergy confirming absence of PE.

The Effectiveness of Education Using WhatsApp About the Importance of Pregnancy Checks for Increasing the Knowledge of Pregnant Women in Karangsinom Village, Tirtamulya District, Karawang Regency in 2023

Background: Education via whatsapp about the importance of prenatal checks has been proven to increase pregnant women's knowledge. Through this platform, information about the benefits and importance of routine pregnancy checks can be conveyed easily by health workers and pregnant women in access to the WhatsApp application. Purpose of Writing: to find out the Effectiveness of Education Using WhatsApp About the Importance of Pregnancy Checks for Increasing Knowledge of Pregnant Women. Research Methods: Pre-experimental research with the type of one group pre test – post test design by means of a causal relationship by involving one group of subjects. the subject group was observed before the intervention was carried out and then observed after the intervention was carried out. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a purposive method. Research Results: This study obtained the results of the Wilcoxon statistical test, which obtained a sig. (0.000) < 0.05, which means there is a difference in knowledge before and after education via whatsapp. It can be concluded that there is Effectiveness of Education with WhatsApp About the Importance of Pregnancy Checks for Increasing Knowledge of Pregnant Women in Karangsinom Village, Tirtamulya District, Karawang Regency in 2023. Conclusions and Suggestions: In providing education to pregnant women, midwives can collaborate with other health teams, in providing health education it can be added by using the WhatsApp application in the form of groups of pregnant women so that it is easy to provide health information for pregnant women in groups.

The predictive value of coronary artery calcium score combined with traditional risk factors for obstructive coronary heart disease in young people

ObjectivesThis study attempts to compare the predictive effects of several prediction models on obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) in young patients (30–50 years old), with a view to providing a new evaluation tool for the prediction of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD).MethodsA total of 532 hospitalized patients aged 30–50 were included in the study.All of them underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for suspected symptoms of coronary heart disease.Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) combined with traditional risk factors and pre-test probability models are the prediction models to be compared in this study.The PTP model was selected from the upgraded Diamond-Forrester model (UDFM) and the Duke clinical score (DCS).ResultsAll patients included in the study were aged 30–50 years. Among them, women accounted for 24.4%, and 355 patients (66.7%) had a CACS of 0. OCAD was diagnosed in 43 patients (8.1%). The CACS combined with traditional risk factors to predict the OCAD area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) (AUC = 0.794,p < 0.001) was greater than the PTP models (AUCUDFM=0.6977,p < 0.001;AUCDCS=0.6214,p < 0.001). By calculating the net reclassification index (NRI) and the integrated discrimination index (IDI), the ability to predict the risk of OCAD using the CACS combined with traditional risk factors was improved compared with the PTP models (NRI&IDI > 0,p < 0.05).ConclusionThe predictive value of CACS combined with traditional risk factors for OCAD in young patients is better than the PTP models.

The diagnostic performance of the one-step nucleic acid amplification assay for the detection of sentinel lymph node metastases in cytokeratin 19-positive breast cancer: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

The status of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is an important prognostic factor for many different types of cancer. The one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay has emerged as a rapid intraoperative molecular diagnostic tool for LN metastasis detection. We aimed to evaluate and summarize the value of the OSNA assay for the diagnosis of SLN metastasis in cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-positive breast cancer. To evaluate the diagnostic value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were pooled. The threshold effect, followed by subgroup analysis, was performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the stability of this meta-analysis model. Fagan plots and likelihood ratio scattergrams were used to explore the potential clinical significance. A total of 29 eligible studies, which consisted of 5,331 patients with 10,343 SLNs, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.85-0.88), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.94-0.95), 18.00 (95% CI, 13.54-23.92), 0.13 (95% CI, 0.10-0.17), and 138.99 (95% CI, 86.66-222.92), respectively. The AUC was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Sensitivity analysis showed that four studies had an impact on the pooled results and mainly contributed to the heterogeneity. Fagan's nomogram revealed that the prior probability was 50%, the post-probability positive was 95%, and the post-probability negative was 11%. Our results suggested that OSNA can predict the occurrence of SLN metastasis in CK19-positive breast cancer. However, more well-designed and multicenter diagnostic tests are needed to validate our results.

Conservative fluid resuscitation protocol does not reduce the incidence of reoperation for bleeding after emergency CABG

Reoperation for bleeding (ROB) after emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (eCABG) has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality. Consecutively, the influence of fluid intake, fluid output, fluid balance, blood loss, and inotropic demand on ROB were analyzed. This retrospective single-center study included 265 patients undergoing eCABG between 2011 and 2020. From 2018, postoperative hemodynamic management was performed with lower volume administration and higher vasoactive support. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of ROB within 48 h according to altered fluid resuscitation strategy. Consecutively, the influence of fluid intake, fluid output, fluid balance, blood loss, and inotropic demand on ROB were analyzed. Incidence of ROB was independent from the volume resuscitation protocol (P = .3). The ROB group had a higher perioperative risk, which was observed in EuroSCORE II. Fluid intake (P = .021), fluid balance (P = .001), and norepinephrine administration (P = .004) were associated with ROB. Fluid output and blood loss were not associated with ROB (P = .22). Post-test probability was low among all variables. Although fluid management might have an impact on specific postoperative complications, different fluid resuscitation protocols did not alter the incidence of ROB after emergency CABG.Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT04533698; date of registration: August 31, 2020 (retrospectively registered due to nature of the study); URL: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04533698

Development of Komipa Media to Improve Students Scientific Thinking at MIS Al-Musthafawiyah

The research entitled "Development of Komipa Media to Improve Students' Scientific Thinking at MIS AL-Musthafawiyah" was carried out by students who have scientific thinking in the field of Natural Sciences (Natural Sciences). This research shows that teachers use discovery in teaching materials. The aim of this research is to measure the development of students' scientific thinking by using comics as a learning medium. Previously, teachers used traditional media and rarely used comics. This research is an RND (Research and Development) study following the ADDIE model. The number of class III students at MIS Al-Mustafawiyah who took part was 18 people. Collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, and tests before (pretest) and after (posttest). The comic material assessment results show very high accuracy of up to 95%. In terms of language, the figure is 91.66%, which is also considered very important, and for media products it reaches 93.3% and in terms of design it gets a score of 80%. Teachers' responses to the use of comics as a teaching medium show that comics are a very valid learning medium with a rating of 89.9%. Meanwhile, students' opinions on comics show that learning comics is very practical with a score of 89.2%. which will occur pre and post tests provide the most effective N growth of 86.7%. Based on research results, it is proven that komipa media is very easy and effective in improving students' science/scientific thinking skills at MIS Al-Mustafawiyah and is used by teachers as a solution, especially when the material changes the form of objects.

Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Blood Donation among Degree students

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding blood donation among students studying in Selected Degree Colleges, Aurangabad. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students before planned teaching programme. To prepare and administer planned teaching programme regarding blood donation among students. To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students after planned teaching programme. To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding blood donation among students. To find out the association between post test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This pre experimental one group pre test post test study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding blood donation among the students studying in selected degree colleges. Non – probability convenient sampling technique was used for the sample collection of 50 students studying in Maharashtra Institute of Technology college, Aurangabad. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching programme. The present study was evaluative in nature. The conceptual framework used for the study was based on ‘MODIFIED VON BERTTLANFFY’S’ theory. RESULT: In the comparison between pre test and post test the knowledge score of students was more in post test than pre test. In pre test 3[6%] subjects had good knowledge regarding blood donation, 5[10%] subjects had poor knowledge and 42[84%] subjects had average knowledge regarding blood donation. Whereas in post test, 49[98%] subject had good knowledge and only 01[2%] subject had average knowledge regarding blood donation. The mean difference of pre test and post test was 10.22 and paired t value was 55.72. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that planned teaching program was helpful to increase knowledge regarding blood donation among degree students.

A study to assess the effectiveness of sacral massage and music therapy on pain perception and birth satisfaction among women in labor at selected hospital at Dindigul

The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sacral massage and music therapy on pain perception and birth satisfaction among women in labor at selected hospital, at Dindigul. The research approach used for the study was evaluative approach. The research design used for the present study was quasi experimental non-equivalent control group post test only design. The conceptual framework was based on Modified Wiedenbach’s helping art clinical theory (1964). The samples were selected by non - probability purposive sampling technique. Sample size was 60 mothers out of which 30 were in experimental group and 30 were in control group. The tool used for this study was to assess the level of pain perception by using numerical pain rating scale and to assess the birth satisfaction by using birth satisfaction scale. The intervention of sacral massage and music therapy was given. The mean post test score of pain perception in experimental group and control group was 6(SD±0.66) and 8.13(SD±0.66). Respectively mean difference was 2.13. The calculated independent “t” value was 50.45 was significant at p&lt; 0.05, level, which showed that sacral massage, and music therapy was effective in reducing pain perception among women in labor. the mean post test score of birth satisfaction in experimental group and control group was 107.4(SD±6.36) and 83.6(SD±6.12). The mean difference was 23.8 the calculated independent “t” value was 16.08 was significant at p&lt; 0.05, level, which showed that sacral massage and music therapy was effective in improving birth Satisfaction among women in labor. The findings revealed that there is no significant association between post-test level of pain perception and demographic variables. Except religion (χ2 = 119.9), educational status (χ2 = 13.2), occupation (χ2 = 16.25) at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance in experimental group. The findings revealed that there is no significant association between post test level of birth satisfaction and demographic variables. Except age in year (χ2 = 8.1), educational status (χ2= 313.4), occupation (χ2= 31.7), and age at marriage (χ2= 189.6) at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance in experimental group. The statistical findings revealed that sacral massage and music therapy was beneficial and there was a significant reduction in pain perception and improving birth satisfaction among women in labor in experimental group.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Risk Factors and Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour Among Adolescents in a Selected College at Bangalore

The Quantitative evaluative approach with pre- experimental one group pre test and post test design was used in the study to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Risk factors and Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour among Adolescents. The conceptual framework for the study was based on Modified Imogene king’s goal attainment theory. The tool used in this study consists of three sections. Section one was demographic variables and section two was structured self administered questionnaire to assess the pretest and post test knowledge and section three was structured teaching programme regarding risk factors and prevention of suicidal behavior. Systematic purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples, and data were collected from 60 adolescents of AVK College, Bangalore.The paired ‘t’ test value is 7.35 which is significantly higher than the table value of 2.0009 at p≤0.05 level. Thus the structured teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge regarding Risk factors and Preventive measures for Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents.The results of the tests conducted using chi-square tests show that the significant association between the levels of knowledge of the adolescent with their selected demographic variables with sex (χ 2 = 0.886), Monthly income of family (χ 2 = 10.69) were statistically significant and there no significant association between other variables like age, education of mother, occupation of family, type of family, has any family member/ friend attempted or committed suicide, History of mental illness in your family and Source of information.There is a significant increase in knowledge score of adolescents after structured teaching programme. Therefore, it is concluded that the structured teaching programme is highly effective in increasing the knowledge of adolescents on Risk factors and Preventive measures for Suicidal Behavior.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Preventive Measures of Postpartum Haemorrhage during Intranatal Period among Staff Nurses working in selected Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan

A quantitative research approach and pre-experimental research design was used to conduct this study. The study was used to assess the effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding preventive measures for PPH during intranatal period among staff nurses. The sample consist of 60 staff nurses working in Mahila Chikitsalay, Jaipur and Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. Pre and Post test was conducted to assess the effectiveness of STP and structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. The result of pre test revealed that 71.67% staff nurses had moderate knowledge while 28.33% had adequate knowledge. The mean of knowledge was 17.87, mean % was 68.72 and SD was 3.17. The result of post test revealed that 83.33% staff nurses had adequate knowledge while 16.67% had moderate knowledge. The mean of knowledge was 23.12, mean% was 88.91 and SD was 2.29. Paired t test was used to assess the effectiveness of STP and the t test value was 16.43 at 0.05 level of significance. The association between post test knowledge score and selected demographic variable revealed that there was no significant association between knowledge and demographic variables.

Pengaruh Pemberian Informasi tentang Asuhan Perkembangan pada BBLR terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Perawat di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung

Development care is an effort to modify the environment and respond to changes in the behavior of newborns, especially in infants Low Birth Weight, The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training on developmental care on nurses' ability to care for babies with low birth weight. The design of this study used "quasi experiment pre and post test control", which involved 19 nurses in the perinatology room of Al Islam Bandung Hospital. The results showed a significant increase in the mean score of nurses' knowledge, attitudes and actions after the intervention (p value = 0,000, α = 0.05). This training is effective in increasing nurses' knowledge and attitudes. The recommendation of this study is the need for socialization to all health workers supported by the hospital policy to implement development care and evaluate the implementation of development care in LBW care.