Post-test Measures Research Articles

Growing Resilience in Tough Times (GRITT): Development and Randomized Trial of a Farmer Mental Health Literacy Intervention

ABSTRACT Objectives Farmers in the United States (U.S.) are exposed to myriad stressors and experience their negative effects, including higher rates of suicide than individuals in some other occupations. However, interventions to address mental health amongst farmers have faced barriers, such as farmers’ perceived stigma regarding mental health, time constraints, and geographical isolation. Using text-messaging for intervention delivery may help to address some barriers, as text messages are private, delivered directly to one’s phone, and require no travel. Our objective was to develop and assess the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a text-messaging mental health literacy intervention tailored to U.S. farmers: Growing Resiliency in Tough Times (GRITT). Methods U.S. farmers (N = 134) were randomly assigned to an intervention group, who received 12 weeks of text messages regarding mental health literacy, or a control group, who received no treatment. Online pre-test and post-test surveys assessed mental health knowledge, familiarity with relevant mental health resources, self-efficacy to manage stress, and perceived stress. Feasibility was assessed via recruitment and retention data, and intervention group participants completed post-test measures to assess acceptability. Results Results indicate that intervention group participants were highly satisfied with the intervention and had higher post-test scores on multiple facets of mental health literacy and self-efficacy to manage farm stress than control group participants. The intervention group experienced a significant drop in perceived stress from pre-test to post-test. Participant retention was relatively high (84%). However, recruitment difficulties call into question intervention feasibility. Conclusion Though the intervention was efficacious in enhancing mental health literacy, improving stress management self-efficacy, and reducing stress, difficulties with participant recruitment indicate the need for continued intervention research in this context.

The Impact of Mechanical Training in Accordance with Regulating the Optimal Stride Length in the First and Second Straight Phases on the Achievement of 400 Meter Events for Men

The significance of this research is primarily anchored in the sustained interest in athletic achievements and the ongoing process of their development through the application of biomechanics and its integration into the science of sports training. The study aims to focus on the regulation of the optimal stride length according to the runner's height, necessitating specialized mechanical training tailored to specific distances when sprinting in both the first and second straight sections of the 400-meter event. This is proposed through the suggestion of six interval distances (90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40 meters). The research problem delves into the importance of training 400-meter sprinters by leveraging the first and second straight sprints with an ideal stride length, calculated as the runner's height × 1.22 according to James Hay's equation, and utilizing this to compensate for the deficit incurred during curve running due to changes in running mechanics to overcome centrifugal force. In light of their research objectives, the authors hypothesized that there would be no significant statistical differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements of male 400-meter sprinters. The researchers employed an experimental method with a single group to suit the nature of the research problem. The sample consisted of six athletes representing (Army, Police, Militia) clubs. The training program included 24 training units over eight weeks, with an average of three training units per week. The researchers concluded several key findings, notably that the designed training had a significant impact on the sample group, as evidenced by the significant differences observed. In light of the results, the researchers recommend the application of these training methods according to the special equation for calculating the optimal stride length in other activities to enhance performance towards better outcomes.

Reducing symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in elementary students: the effectiveness of neurofeedback.

This research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on the symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit in primary school students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) disorder. The present study utilized a randomized clinical trial with pre-test and post-test measurements and included a control group. The research population included all primary school students with ADHD in 2023; 50 of these children were selected as the experimental group based on the accessible sampling method, and 50 were also included in the control group. Neurofeedback treatment sessions for the experimental group were 30 sessions. Research data were collected in three stages: pre-test and post-test, using a questionnaire based on the Conners rating scale from parents. SPSS-25 analyzed the data. The results showed that neurofeedback is associated with significant effectiveness in the symptoms of attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity of students (P<0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be said that neurofeedback treatment is effective in reducing attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms of students with ADHD disorder. It is suggested to widely use neurofeedback to reduce the symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

Effects of adapted physical activity on the motor development of children with mild intellectual disability

Objectives This study examined the effects of twenty-four weeks of long-term adapted physical activities (APA) on the motor development of children with intellectual disability (ID). Methods Twenty-one children with mild ID were included in this study. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test-Second Edition (BOT-2) long form was used to measure motor proficiency. Pre-test data were obtained at the beginning of the study. The children in the experimental group participated in the APA for twenty-four weeks. Children in the control group were excluded. After twenty-four weeks, post-test measurements were performed for both groups. another twenty-four weeks passed without APA, and a retention test was conducted in the experimental group. All data were analyzed. Results The results showed APA increased motor proficiency in the experimental group. However, the retention test scores showed a decrease in the motor proficiency of the experimental group if APA was not maintained. Conclusions Regular APA improved motor development in children with mild ID, but the skills regressed when activities were discontinued.

Effect of consumption of cocoa paste (Theobroma cacao L.) on anthropometric and clinical indicators in university students

University students are vulnerable to developing metabolic syndrome, due to the low consumption of foods with bioactive properties. Cocoa paste containing phenols (CPCP) may prevent it. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of consuming 1 g of cocoa paste for 4 weeks on anthropometric indicators, body composition, blood pressure and heart rate in university students. The population consisted of 7 men and 13 women. In the post-test measurement, students had the best result in weight (74.4-72.3 kg), BMI (26.0-25.2 kg/m2) and WC (85.5-83.5 cm), and in the body composition, only in the percentage of fat mass (62.3-60.9 %) there were significant differences (p&gt;0.05). CPCP consumption in females decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (107.0 vs 100.0, p=0.023) and (76.0 vs 71.0, p=0.007) respectively. CPCP has a protective effect and may exert a preventive function.

Effects of cooperative learning on gender equality education in university students

Background: Coeducation in university settings is essential for fostering an inclusive, equitable, and diverse learning environment. In this regard, cooperative learning could play a crucial role in promoting coeducation by fostering collaboration, communication, and mutual understanding between male and female students. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of cooperative learning on gender equality and cooperative skills in students. Methods: The design of the study was quasi-experimental with quantitative pre- and post-test measures. The sample was comprised of 60 students (female = 30, male = 30, age: 19,97 ± 1,21 years) enrolled in the 2nd grade of Sport Sciences, distributed into two groups (control and experimental). The Competencies Scale for Gender Equality Education (CEIG) and the Questionnaire for the Analysis of Cooperative Learning in Higher Education (ACOES) were implemented before and after the intervention in both groups. The experimental group participated in 7 volleyball lessons executed that followed a methodology grounded in Cooperative Learning, specifically using the Jigsaw method, which ensured the formation of mixed-gender teams. A Mann-Whitney U test was carried out to verify the intergroup effect of the intervention. Results: The experimental group significantly improved in 2 out of 3 dimensions of the CEIG and in 5 out of the 7 dimensions of the ACOES. Conclusions: Teaching collective sports like volleyball through a cooperative model, specifically with the Jigsaw method and including mixed teams, significantly contributes to improving not only cooperative teamwork skills but also gender equality in education. Key Words: didactics, volleyball, teamwork, coeducation, Jigsaw method, gender

The Effects of Nature Exposure Therapies on Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Levels: A Systematic Review.

Mental well-being plays a pivotal role within the broader spectrum of health and illness, encompassing factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety. Nature-based therapeutic interventions have emerged as a promising approach to addressing these mental health challenges. This study seeks to assess the impact of these interventions on stress, depression, and anxiety levels. We conducted an extensive search for randomized clinical trials that examined stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The selected studies underwent a rigorous risk-of-bias assessment following the guidelines outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Our review encompassed findings from eight publications. Among them, two studies measuring cortisol levels revealed significant differences between the pre-test and post-test measurements within the intervention groups. In two studies that employed the Stress Response Inventory, a significant decrease in stress levels was observed within the intervention groups in contrast to the control groups. However, no significant differences were noted in studies that utilized the Restorative Outcome Scale. In the assessment of anxiety and depression levels, three studies employed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, while four studies utilized The Profile of Mood States scale; none of these studies demonstrated significant differences. The current body of evidence offers limited support for advocating nature-based therapeutic interventions as a primary approach to reducing stress, depression, and anxiety.

A Proposed Unit Based on the STEM Approach: Developing 21st-Century Skills Among Middle-School Students

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of a proposed instructional unit based on the integration of science and mathematics, following the STEM approach, to teach critical thinking and problem-solving as 21st-century skills. To achieve this goal, an experimental approach based on a quasi-experimental single-group design with a pre-test and post-test was used. The research sample consisted of 40 third-grade students in a middle school. A problem-solving skills test was developed, and the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Skills Appraisal was used, the results showed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the participant group in the pre-test and post-test measurements for both critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The research concluded that the proposed unit helped students develop 21st-century skills.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 11 November 2023 / Accepted: 17 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Enhancement of Hip Joint Flexibility using Flexor and Unilateral Exercises

Improved hip flexibility is essential for enhanced overall fitness, ensuring balance and a broader range of motion. Therefore, the understanding of how limited hip movement and physical activity can affect performance and increase injury risk due to a lack of flexibility. Thus, this investigation determined the effectiveness of interventions, namely Flexor and Unilateral Exercises, in enhancing the hip-joint flexibility of the participants. The study involved 86 males and 80 females aged 15 to 18, utilizing a two-factor pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design. Results indicated a significant difference in the pretest and posttest hip joint flexibility of the two groups, Flexor and Unilateral. Post-interventions, significant improvements in hip joint flexibility were evident in both groups. Additionally, the result revealed a noteworthy difference with a significant effect size between pretest and posttest flexibility measures for both the Flexor and Unilateral groups, emphasizing the effectiveness of each intervention. Notably, hip Flexor exercises yielded a considerably higher increment in hip range of motion compared to Unilateral exercises, indicating their superior impact. The two interventions distinctively and significantly enhanced hip joint flexibility, warranting further investigation into the nuances of hip joint range of motion and overall flexibility across genders. This exploration should include a thorough assessment of the intervention's efficacy for both men and women.

Improv Intervention for Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Pilot Study from Turkey

ABSTRACT Improvisation is a form of theater with no predetermined script. All actors create a flow based on two core principles: “Yes, and…” and “No mistakes,” referring to accepting what the partner offers unconditionally, and embracing all contributions to creating content without judgment. This pilot study investigated whether 12 weeks of improv intervention can help alleviate individuals’ obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. A questionnaire package was given to participants to complete at three different points. The results showed statistically significant decreases in participants’ OCD, depression, and anxiety scores from pretest to posttest measurements. By its very nature, improv intervention may help create an atmosphere full of unpredictability and invite participants to be a part of it. In improv, participants are encouraged to take risks, be in the moment, and trust each other to manage challenges. This paper will also present a discussion of possible mechanisms of change to explain the effects of improv.

Big no depression: Flipbook-based brain gym innovation to prevent depression in teenagers

Indonesia has taboo thoughts about mental health, public indifference to mental health causes people with mental disorders to tend to shut themselves down and be ashamed. Seeing that the increase continues to occur, the service carries out an effort to prevent depression, namely Brain Gym Innovation. The aim of this intervention is to improve the knowledge and understanding of adolescents on UINAM Public Health's new knowledge of Brain Gym Innovation. Based on Flipbook as a depression prevention strategy. As for the description of the activities in this intervention by determining the origin of the problem with the ultrasound method and obtaining mental health as the priority that the intervention wants to be performed. The target of this activity was Department of Public Health freshman, FKIK UINAM which was held in the classrooms of AB campus 2 UINAM on Monday 11 December 2023 where the target activity was at least 20 people who attended this extension activity. The results obtained on the service carried out that the level of knowledge and understanding in the new students improved, where health extension related to brain gym innovation was carried out and pre-test &amp; post-test measurements were carried out. states that the majority of students have a level of leadership with good categories. Therefore, it can be concluded that the health extension Brain Gym Innovation based on Flipbook has an influence on the level of knowledge of the respondents.

Effect of pulmonary intervention and vitamin C supplementation on respiratory health status of people exposed to air pollution at Tirupati, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh

Background: Air pollution is a significant issue of global concern with implications for public health. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of air pollution on the respiratory health of individuals who are exposed to air pollution in Tirupati, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: The present study utilised a quantitative methodology and employed a randomised control design. A total of 300 individuals using cluster sampling method were selected for this study and divided into four groups. Three of these groups received different interventions, namely pulmonary intervention, vitamin C supplementation, and a combination of pulmonary intervention and vitamin C supplementation, the fourth group served as the control group. These groups were investigated simultaneously and their outcomes were compared. Results: A notable disparity is observed in the mean scores between the pre-test and post-test measurements in the pulmonary intervention group (t=2.06, p=0.001), vitamin C supplementation group (t=3.22, p&lt;0.001), and the combined pulmonary intervention and vitamin C supplementation group (t=3.99, p&lt;0.000). Conversely, the control group (t=1.21, p=0.23) did not exhibit a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test mean scores. A statistically significant difference was seen in the mean post-test scores between the experimental and control groups indicated by the derived f=3.578 and a corresponding p=0.014, which met threshold for statistical significance at the p&lt;0.05 level. Conclusions: From the study findings it is concluded that Pulmonary intervention and vitamin C supplementation has a positive impact on respiratory health status of people exposed to air pollution.

Microlearning strategy in the promotion of motivation and learning outcomes in software project management

AbstractIn this research, a microlearning strategy for Software Engineering supported by a mobile application was designed and implemented. The goal is to evaluate the motivation and learning outcomes in the specific context of Software Project Management, with the Scrum framework, in participants of a Software Engineering course at a Latin American higher education institution. An empirical investigation was conducted using a quantitative approach, a quasi‐experimental design, and pretest–posttest measurements without a control group. A one‐sample t‐test for comparison of the means of a sample was used. Statistically significant differences were found between the theoretical and empirical mean of the variable motivation to learn in the specific context and the variable Stimulus for learning after interacting with the mobile application. The means were higher than the theoretical average of the scale, which suggests that the participants valued the mobile application positively. Regarding the learning outcomes of the Scrum framework, a paired sample t‐test for comparison of means revealed an increase in posttest scores, although this rise was not statistically significant. Microlearning can increase the participants' motivation and promote learning in the specific context of Software Project Management. The mobile application has the potential to support microlearning since the participants felt highly motivated and agreed that its use facilitates learning, a key aspect of success in a microlearning strategy.

The self-management model can increase the immunity of people with HIV and AIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cases of people living with HIV and AIDS continue to increase from year to year, necessitating a focus on maintaining their health. To ensure their well-being, individuals with HIV/AIDS must be vigilant in preserving their immunity, especially during COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to enhance the immunity of people with HIV and AIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic utilizing a self-management model approach. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measurements, involving a sample of 30 HIV and AIDS patients in Sorong City, selected through purposive sampling technique. Independent variable in this research was the self-management model, which measured using Self-Management Model Guidebook and dependent variable was increasing the immunity of people with HIV and AIDS, which was measured using Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and CD4 cell observation. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test with significance level for these tests was set at 95%, with α ≤ 0.05. Analyzing the SRQ results of HIV/AIDS patients before and after the intervention, indicated a significant difference with a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.044 &lt; 0.05. This suggests a notable change in the SRQ results of HIV/AIDS patients. Additionally, the analysis of CD4 cell values before and after the intervention, yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 &lt; 0.05, signifying a difference in the CD4 cell results of HIV/AIDS patients. In conclusion, implementing the self-management model with the four management functions from Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC) over a period of 30 days for HIV and AIDS patients during the COVID-19 pandemic can enhance both mental and psychosocial immunity, as well as physical immunity. The findings of this research provide valuable information to health workers, recommending the adoption of the Self-Management Model Guide intervention to enhance the immunity of individuals with HIV and AIDS.

The effects of education based on the Roy adaptation model on medication adherence and psychosocial adjustment in hypertensive patients

Background and AimPatient education utilizing nursing theory can enhance patient adherence to treatment and potentially decrease mortality rates. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of Roy's adaptation Model-focused education on medication adherence and psychosocial compliance in hypertensive patients. MethodsThis study was conducted in N = 60 hypertensive patients (n = 30 control group and n = 30 experimental group) based on a randomized controlled trial design. In the pre-test phase of the study, data was collected using the Patient Information Form, the medication adherence rating scale (MARS), and the psychosocial adjustment to illness scale-self-report (PAIS-SR). After the pre-test phase, the experimental group received hypertension education and the “Hypertension Education Booklet” for a duration of four weeks. No education was provided to the control group patients; only routine follow-ups were conducted. In the post-test phase (after four weeks), both groups were reassessed using MARS and PAIS-SR. After completing the study, the control group patients who volunteered to participate in the education were provided with hypertension education and the “Hypertension Education Booklet” for a duration of four weeks (n = 4). ResultsThe post-test measurements of patients in the experimental group (after 4 weeks of education) revealed an increase in the mean MARS scores (6.50 ± 0.86) and a significant decrease in the total and subscale mean scores of PAIS-SR (24.12 ± 7.08) (p < 0.05). No changes were observed in the control group patients. ConclusionThe results of the study revealed that the education based on the Roy's Adaptation Model increased hypertensive individuals’ medication adherence and physiological, psychological, and social adjustment to the disease. Relevance to clinical practiceThe education based on the Roy's Adaptation Model seems to be effective in increasing patients' adherence to treatment and adjustment to the disease. This model can be used in various diseases and societies, since it increases adjustment to the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

Pemberian Buah Kurma Meningkatkan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil

Anaemia, a common condition during pregnancy, has been found to be associated with various factors such as physiological changes occurring during pregnancy, gestational fetal age and medical history of the pregnant woman. The current study was conducted to investigate the potential impact of consuming dates on the elevation of haemoglobin levels in pregnant women undergoing treatment at the Barokah Pajang Clinic. Employing an experimental design with pretest and posttest measurements using a control group, the study followed a quantitative approach. The sample collection method used was non-probability sampling, specifically sequential sample collection. The collected data was analyzed using the independent sample t-test, which revealed that pregnant women with anaemia who consumed dates experienced a statistically significant increase in haemoglobin levels at the Barokah Pajang Clinic. The findings suggest that taking iron supplements and consuming seven dates on an empty stomach for a week can help improve haemoglobin levels among pregnant women with anaemia. The P-value of 0.049 indicates the statistical significance of the results. This study highlights the potential benefits of a dietary intervention for pregnant women with anaemia, and it is recommended that they follow this regimen to ensure healthy pregnancies.

The effect of progressive muscle relaxation education on the quality of sleep in elderly people with hypertension at the South Cilacap Community Health Center

Background: The elderly experience a decreased sleep phase as a result of poor sleep, meaning that they tend to be restless and easily awakened, which can interfere with sleep quality. It can result in physical tension, which affects the increase in blood pressure. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy can improve sleep quality and control tension and anxiety by training patients to consciously relax their body muscles. Purpose: To analyze the effect of progressive muscle relaxation education on the quality of sleep in elderly people with hypertension at the South Cilacap Community Health Center. Methods: This research was conducted on elderly people with hypertension at the South Cilacap Community Health Center using a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group design. Simple random sampling was used with a total of 46 respondents. The data were analyzed using a T-test. Results: The results of the study found an increase in the average score on the sleep quality scale, and after progressive muscle relaxation education, the intervention group found a mean pre-test score of 15.57 and in the post-test section a mean score of 5.57. In the control group, the pre-test had a mean value of 14.52, and in the post-test section, the mean value was 12.70. and the results of further analysis of the independent t-test between the intervention group and the control group showed p = 0.000. Conclusion: There was an effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on the sleep quality of elderly people in the intervention group among elderly people with hypertension at the South Cilacap Community Health Center. There was a significant difference in the average PSQI score in the post-test measurements of both the intervention and control groups. Progressive muscle relaxation is an alternative therapy designed to reduce muscle tension, which can then relax muscles ranging from facial muscles to leg muscles

Effect of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: Adhesive Capsulitis in the shoulder characterized as a self-limiting situation that lasts only while ithas also been described as a 24 week long-term impairment caused by a chronic condition. SMET is a widely usedmethod to restore normal ROM and reduce pain. PNF aims to improve joint synchronization, movement control,and mobility.Purpose: This study focuses on the effect of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Proprioceptive NeuromuscularFacilitation for reducing pain and disability in Adhesive Capsulitis.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria fromEyan Healthcare Foundation during the period of November 2022 to July 2023. They were split into two groups,with 20 Participants receiving Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and 20 Participants receiving ProprioceptiveNeuromuscular Facilitation. Subjects with age of 40-70 years, with or without diabetes and pain or stiffness onshoulder were included and Subjects with recent trauma, injury around the shoulder were excluded in the study.All the subjects underwent pre-test measurement with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the samerepeated for post-test measurement at the end of 4 weeks.Results: By statistical analysis there is a significant difference between the two groups. The Spencer group displaysa greater difference than the PNF group when comparing mean differences of the two groups using SPADI.Conclusion: The study concluded that subjects who underwent Spencer Muscle Energy Technique are found tobe more effective in reducing pain and disability than Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in AdhesiveCapsulitis.

Effect of Task Specific Circuit Training on Gait and Functional Mobility among Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Background and Need for the Study: Spastic diplegic cerebral palsy is the most prevalent and common formof the cerebral palsy. Gait, balance, and coordination are all negatively impacted because it mostly affects thebilateral lower extremities.Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the research was to find out the effectiveness of task specific circuit trainingon gait and functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.Methods: In this research, selected 30 children according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the Childrenparticipating in the study were separated into two groups, Task specific circuit training group and Conventionalgroup, children’s parents were explained about the safety and procedure. Inform assent was provided to thechildren’s parents after explaining about the intervention and study procedure.Results: Pre-test measurements and Post-test measurements of the gait and functional independence, assessedusing the Edinburgh visual gait scale (EVGS) and GMFM-88. Paired t-test and unpaired t-tests were used forcalculating the mean and standard deviation.Conclusion: The research eventually reached the conclusion that task-specific circuit training is an efficient methodfor improving gait and functional mobility when used in conjunction with regular physiotherapy.

Effectiveness of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Upper Extremity Functions in Stroke

Background: Stroke is the quickly developing clinical indication of a focal disruption of brain function that lastsmore than 24 hours or results in death, with no discernible cause other than vascular origin. Despite the fact thatthe majority of patients are able to walk again, 30% to 60% of survivors are no longer able to use the arm that wasinjured. CIMT aims at improves both the motor and functional capacities of a paretic arm. PNF exercises alter theorder in which muscles are stimulated, increases the efficiency of joint movement.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and ProprioceptiveNeuromuscular Facilitation for treating upper extremity functions in stroke.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 participants were selected from Sree Annai Physiotherapy Clinic Chennai.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects willing to participate were allocated into two groupsConstraint Induced Movement Therapy group and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation group. Theparticipants underwent Pre-test measurement with Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity FMA-UE and wererepeated for Post-test measurement. Study period : November 2022 to April 2023.Results: When comparing the mean differences of the two groups, Constraint Induced Movement Therapygroup displays a greater difference than Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation group. Therefore, it can besaid that Constraint Induced Movement Therapy is more advantageous for the upper extremity functions thanProprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation.Conclusion: The study concluded that Constraint Induced Movement Therapy is found to be more effective thanProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique for upper extremity function recovery.