Postprandial Plasma Lipid Research Articles

Post-prandial lipid levels for assessing target goal achievement in type 2 diabetic patients taking statin.

It is inconvenient to perform serum lipid analysis in fasting state in diabetic patients with drug treatment. In patients with statin treatment and Asian diet, it has not been clearly known whether non-fasting values could be used for the clinical decision making in diabetic patients. In this study, fasting and post-prandial plasma lipid profiles of hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients taking statin, were measured in whom standard diabetic breakfast in traditional Korean style were provided. In repeated-measures ANOVA, there were no significant differences among fasting, post-prandial 2 and 4 hr low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values. When compared to fasting levels, both post-prandial 2 hr and 4 hr LDL cholesterol levels were misclassified as not achieved target goal only in 4% of patients. Post-prandial HDL cholesterol matched with fasting values in women, without exception. In conclusion, the fasting and post-prandial LDL and HDL cholesterol levels are not significantly different each other and can be used in the assessment of achieving target goal in type 2 diabetes taking statin after Korean diet.

MODULATION OF FASTED AND POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA LIPIDS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS BY A DIETARY MIXTURE OF OMEGA‐3 FATTY ACIDS AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID

ABSTRACT Effects of a dietary combination of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3‐PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids was investigated in healthy volunteers with different ages and body mass index (BMI). Lean (BMI 20–26 kg/m2) and obese (BMI 29–35 kg/m2), young (20–37 years) and older (50–65 years) men consumed 3 g/day each of CLA and n‐3‐PUFA or 6 g/day control oil for 12 weeks in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized crossover study. In older lean subjects, CLA/n‐3‐PUFA supplementation reduced fasting nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentrations compared with the control oil (P < 0.05). However, in older obese subjects, CLA/n‐3‐PUFA increased fasting low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05) and postprandial total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). In young lean subjects, CLA/n‐3‐PUFA reduced postprandial NEFA levels (P < 0.05) whereas in young obese subjects, postprandial total cholesterol and triacylglycerols were lowered (both P < 0.05). Therefore, a dietary combination of CLA together with n‐3‐PUFA may have favorable effects on plasma lipids in young and older lean men but detrimental effects in older obese men.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study suggests that where individuals consume a combination of both omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid supplements in order to obtain potential additive beneficial effects of each lipid on adiposity and health, this particular fatty acid combination may have harmful effects on plasma lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in older obese men.

APOB-516 T allele homozygous subjects are unresponsive to dietary changes in a three-month primary intervention study targeted to reduce fat intake

Dietary guidelines aim to control fat intake and reduce cardiovascular risk but an important interindividual variability occurs among subjects. The objective was to investigate whether the response of lipid and glucose homeostasis parameters after a three-month diet aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk could be modulated by the -516C/T polymorphism in the apolipoprotein B gene (APOB). Middle-aged men (n = 69) and women (n = 100) with moderate cardiovascular disease risk were advised to reduce total energy and fat intakes and replace saturated dietary fat by monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat. Subjects were genotyped for APOB-516C/T polymorphism. At the entry and at the end of the three-month period, fasting and postprandial plasma lipid analyses were performed. At entry, subjects homozygous for the APOB-516 T allele exhibited significantly lower fasting plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B 48, triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins-triglycerides compared to C carrier subjects. After the diet period, while C carrier subjects presented a clear improvement of most biological parameters, paradoxically T/T subjects did not modify them. In addition, the apoB 48 postprandial response after a standardized mixed test meal was not improved in T/T subjects after the three-month diet, contrary to C allele carriers. Even though their phenotype at entry does not show any significant increase of risk factors when compared to other groups, subjects homozygous for the APOB-516 T allele are unresponsive to a healthy diet that improves cardiovascular risk status in the whole population.

Trans 지방과 쌀, 콩을 첨가한 빵의 섭취가 건강한 성인 남녀의 혈장 지질 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

It has been reported that trans fat (tFA) may have adverse or beneficial effect depending upon the position and number of double bonds. The presence of tFA in human tissues and fluids is related to dietary intake, intestinal absorption, metabolism and storage, exchanges among compartments. This study investigated the effect of breads containing tFA, soybean or rice on postprandial plasma fatty acid and lipid composition. 33 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups and fed soybean bread, rice bread or wheat bread groups containing equivalent amounts of tFA (elaidic acid rich, 3.75 g/day), respectively. Postprandial lipid profiles at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after a respective meal were studied. Plasma fatty acid was extracted by the method of Folch and methyl ester of fatty and prepared by acid transmethylation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. Peaks were identified using pure reference compounds and quantified. Postprandial data indicated that consumption of soybean and rice breads with 3.75 g tFA retarded the appearance of C18:1 and C18:2 tFA in plasma lipid compared to that of wheat bread. Futhermore, soybean and rice bread groups showed lower plasma saturated fatty acid levels than wheat bread group. Postprandial TG level was significantly lowered in soybean bread group compared to that of rice and wheat bread groups. These results imply that soybean bread with high dietary fiber content and biologically active substances may inhibit or delay lipid absorption.

Changes in postprandial plasma lipids and lipoproteins in humans.

Journal Article Changes in Postprandial Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Humans Get access Nutrition Reviews, Volume 47, Issue 1, January 1989, Pages 13–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1989.tb02744.x Published: 01 January 1989

Effects of low and high carbohydrate meals on postprandial plasma lipid concentrations

BackgroundChronic postprandial hyperlipidemia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Very low carbohydrate (VLC) diets are a popular choice for weight‐loss, but acute effects of VLC diets on postprandial plasma fatty acids have not been tested.MethodsFour healthy, normal weight adults participated in a randomized crossover feeding study. Subjects consumed a standard diet [51% carbohydrate (CHO), 14% protein, 35% fat] for 3 days. On day 4 participants consumed either VLC (4%) or high CHO [HC (58%)] meals. Subjects then repeated standard diet and alternate test meals. Pre‐ and postprandial concentrations of plasma triglycerides (TG) and individual fatty acids were analyzed by modified Wahlefeld method and GC/MS, respectively. Differences between diets were compared by paired t‐tests.ResultsTG were significantly higher on the VLC diet compared to the HC diet (Area under the curve for TG: VLC 1217±420 and HC1033±369 mg·h/dL, p=0.03). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly higher 4 hours after a VLC meal (VLC 19960±1094 vs HC 12193±906 µmol/L, p=0.020). There was no difference in postprandial omega‐6 or omega‐3 fatty acid concentrations between diets.ConclusionsPlasma‐TG and SFA were higher after the VLC meals when compared to the HC meals. Chronic elevation of postprandial lipids may contribute to the development of CVD. Supported by the Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition, PHS Grant UL1 RR024140, and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (R21 AT002753‐01).

Sibutramine effect on metabolic control of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with pioglitazone

Thiazolidinediones are supposed to be the pharmacologic agents that more physiologically fight the insulin resistance, but a possible adverse effect may be a weight increase. The aim of the study was to test the efficacy and tolerability of sibutramine on the metabolic effect of pioglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All enrolled patients were required to have been diagnosed as being diabetic for at least 6 months and did not have glycemic control with diet and oral hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas or metformin, both to the maximum tolerated dose. After a run-in period in which the eligible patients took a fixed dose of pioglitazone (30 mg/d), the patients were randomized to receive also sibutramine (10 mg/d) or placebo for 6 months. We assessed body mass index, hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), postprandial plasma insulin (PPI), lipid profile, lipoprotein parameters, and lipoprotein (a) at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. No body mass index change was observed after 3 and 6 months in the pioglitazone + placebo (pp) group. Significant decrease was present in the pioglitazone + sibutramine (ps) group after 3 ( P < .05) and 6 months ( P < .01) compared with the baseline values, and this variation was significant ( P < .05) between groups. A significant HbA 1c decrease was observed after 3 ( P < .05) and 6 months ( P < .01) in both groups with respect to the baseline values. There was no difference in HbA 1c value between the 2 groups. No FPG, PPG, FPI, PPI, and homeostasis model assessment index change was observed at 3 months, whereas a significant decrease was present after 6 months ( P < .05), in both groups with respect to the baseline values. There was no difference in FPG, PPG, FPI, PPI, and homeostasis model assessment index value between the pp and ps groups. No significant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol change was observed at 3 months, whereas a significant decrease was present after 6 months ( P < .05), in both groups with respect to the baseline values. There was no difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value between the pp and ps groups. No triglyceride variation was present at 3 and 6 months in the pp group and at 3 months in the ps group, whereas a significant decrease was observed at 6 months ( P < .05) in the ps group with respect to the baseline values. There was no difference in triglyceride value between both groups. No high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) changes were present in both groups with respect to the baseline values. Sibutramine appears to be a tolerable and efficacious drug when added to pioglitazone for the global management of obese diabetic patients.

Fluvastatin blunts the effect of a high-fat meal on plasma triglyceride and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events

The postprandial state is critical in atherogenesis. The aims of this study were to study the postprandial change of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events, and to explore the influence of fluvastatin on hsCRP concentration. Forty-three patients at high risk for cardiovascular events and 15 healthy controls participated in this study. All participants received an oral high-fat meal (800 calories; 50 g fat) at baseline. Blood samples were drawn at 0 and 4 h to measure the plasma concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hsCRP. Then patients at high risk were randomly divided into two groups to accept fluvastatin (40 mg/day) (fluvastatin group, n=22) or placebo (placebo group, n=21). One week later, the high-fat meals were repeated and plasma samples were collected again. The postprandial plasma triglyceride concentrations increased in all participants, whereas the postprandial plasma hsCRP concentrations increased significantly only in patients at high risk (P<0.05), but not in healthy controls. After 1 week, the fasting or postprandial plasma lipid levels and hsCRP concentrations did not significantly change in the placebo group compared with the levels at baseline, whereas the postprandial plasma triglyceride and hsCRP concentrations significantly decreased in the fluvastatin group. The reduction of plasma hsCRP concentration was not related to the change of plasma triglyceride concentration. Fluvastatin effectively reduced postprandial plasma hsCRP concentrations in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events in a very short period of time.

Atividade da enzima acetil-hidrolase do fator ativador de plaquetas (PAF-AH) em pacientes com diabete melito tipo 1

To evaluate platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity and its relationship with clinical and demographic variables, metabolic control, apolipoprotein A and B levels and the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to in vitro oxidation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1). Forty two patients with DM 1 (27 females) and 48 control subjects (16 females) matched for gender, age and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. The following tests were performed: fast plasma glucose (FG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), lipid profile, uric acid (UA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation rate using colorimetric assay. The PAF-AH activity was analyzed using colorimetric assay (Cayman Chemical). The analysis of PAF-AH activity showed a higher enzyme activity in patients with DM 1 than in control subjects (0.0150 +/- 0.0051 vs. 0.0116 +/- 0.0041; p < 0.001). In patients with DM 1, a direct correlation between PAF-AH activity and age and LDL, and an inverse correlation between PAF-AH and HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were found. In the sample studied, PAF-AH showed a higher activity in patients with DM 1, a factor that may be related to the higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases observed in these patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the real participation of this enzyme in the risk of development of atherosclerotic diseases in patients with DM 1.

Diacylglycerol Oil Does Not Affect Portal Vein Transport of Nonesterified Fatty Acids but Decreases the Postprandial Plasma Lipid Response in Catheterized Pigs

Studies have shown several beneficial effects of dietary diacylglycerol oil (DAG oil), but the mechanism behind these effects is still not clear. One hypothesis is that an increase in portal vein transport of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) with subsequent oxidation in the liver might be responsible for the positive effects. We examined the portal vein transport of NEFA and other lipid related variables, in response to DAG and triacylglycerol (TAG) bolus feeding and a bolus of standard pig feed in 4 portal vein and mesenteric artery catheterized pigs. Also, the effect of the boluses on postprandial lipid variables was examined. Portal vein transport of NEFA did not differ when pigs were administered the 2 oil bolus diets, consistent with the similar portal plasma concentrations of oleic and linolenic acids during h 1 after feeding. Glycerol, on the contrary, was transported by the portal vein to a much higher degree after intake of DAG oil (P < 0.001; 20, 40, and 60 min). The postprandial arterial TAG response at 5 and 6 h postprandially was significantly lower after the DAG bolus intake. Analysis of Delta AUC for the 6-h postprandial period of selected and total fatty acids showed a lower concentration of vaccenic acid (P = 0.002) after the DAG bolus diet. In conclusion, DAG bolus feeding did not increase the portal transport of NEFA, but it did increase the portal transport of glycerol and lower the postprandial lipid concentration in arterial plasma.

Effects of soy or milk protein durign a high‐fat feeding challenge on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids in healthy men

Soy isoflavones may impede atherogenic processes associated with cardiovascular disease. Research suggests that the postprandial generation of TG-rich remnants contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the current study was to determine if 39 g soy (85 mg aglycone isoflavones, treatment) compared with 40 g milk protein (0 mg aglycone isoflavones, control) in combination with a high-fat meal can modify postprandial, atherogenic-associated events and biomarkers for oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis. Fifteen healthy men (20-47 yr) participated in a double-blind cross-over meal-challenge study occurring on two nonconsecutive days. The study meals consisted of two high-fat apple muffins consumed with either a soy or milk shake (229 mL, 41% fat, 41% carbohydrate, and 18% protein). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (fasted) and hours two, four, and six postprandial. Plasma TG significantly increased in both treatment and control meal challenges compared with baseline. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatment (soy) and control (milk) for ex vivo copper-induced LDL oxidation, serum C-reactive protein, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum fibrinogen, or plasma lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG). IL-6-concentrations significantly decreased as a function of time during either meal challenge (P = 0.005). These data suggest that consumption of soy or milk protein in conjunction with a high-fat meal does not acutely modify postprandial oxidative stress, inflammation, or plasma lipid concentrations in young, healthy men.

We-P12:305 Porphyromonas gingivalis induces platelet aggregation and blood coagulation — role of gingipains and lipopolysaccharides

Although several investigations have linked the degree of fatty acid saturation to plasma lipid responses in the postprandial state, further evaluation is necessary. In this study, we compared the effect of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids on postprandial lipid metabolism using complementary in vivo and in vitro approaches. Fat (10 g) cholesterol (0.5 g) test meals that provided either lard (SFA), olive oil (MUFA), or sunflower oil (PUFA) were ingested by chow-fed New Zealand white rabbits (n = 8). In addition, hepatic uptake of triglyceride-cholesterol-rich lipoproteins (TCRL) isolated from rabbits chronically ingesting SFA, MUFA, or PUFA diets was measured using freshly isolated chow-fed rabbit hepatocytes. Whatever dietary fatty acids ingested, postprandial triglyceridemia and occurrence of radiolabelled dietary lipids in plasma were not markedly different. Conversely, SFA induced higher postprandial cholesterolemia and phospholipemia than MUFA (P < 0.05) whereas PUFA prevented postprandial cholesterol increase. TCRL disappearance from cultured liver cell media was delayed with SFA-rich TCRL and faster with PUFA whereas MUFA-rich TCRL showed an intermediate figure. From these data, we conclude that SFA, MUFA, and PUFA elicited different postprandial plasma and lipoprotein lipid responses. The fatty acid composition of TCRL had a major impact on their subsequent metabolism, especially uptake by cultured hepatocytes. The SFA-induced hypercholesterolemia could be related to an altered hepatic uptake whereas a faster clearance and hepatic uptake could explain the cholesterol-lowering effect of PUFA in rabbits. MUFA, like PUFA, accelerate uptake by hepatocytes but favor cholesterol ester enrichment of TCRL.

Effect of tea catechins on postprandial plasma lipid responses in human subjects

Epidemiological surveys suggest that a higher intake of tea may be associated with a lower risk of CHD. There is accumulating evidence that postprandial lipaemia makes a substantial contribution to the incidence of CHD. Our aim was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of tea catechins (major ingredients in green tea) on postprandial lipid responses in human subjects after the consumption of test meals. In a randomized triple-crossover design, nine male subjects with mild or borderline hypertriacylglycerolaemia consumed 10 (control), 224 (moderate dose) and 674 mg (high dose) of the assigned tea catechins three times each along with a standardized light meal consisting of a piece of bread spread with 20 g butter. Plasma lipids were measured in the fasting state and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h after consuming the light meal. Results showed that, compared with the control, moderate and high doses of tea catechins reduced the incremental area under the plasma triacylglycerol curves by 15.1 and 28.7%, respectively. Next, the rapid elevation of remnant-like particle cholesterol was significantly inhibited by a high dose of tea catechins 2 h after consuming the light meal (P<0.01). In the range of tea catechin dosages, no significant differences were observed in the postprandial responses for plasma total cholesterol or NEFA at any time point. In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that tea catechins attenuated the postprandial increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels following a fat load. These results may provide evidence for one of the possible mechanisms involved in lowering the incidence of CVD, and may prove useful in further studies on the beneficial health effects of tea drinking.

Phosphatidylinositol increases HDL-C levels in humans

Studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) can stimulate reverse cholesterol transport by enhancing the flux of cholesterol into HDL and by promoting the transport of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) to the liver and bile. The goal of this study was to determine the safety and therapeutic value of PI after oral administration to normolipidemic human subjects. We performed a randomized 2 week study in 16 normolipidemic subjects. Subjects received either 2.8 or 5.6 g of PI, with or without food. PI was well tolerated by all subjects. PI significantly affected the levels of HDL-C and triglyceride in the plasma of subjects receiving PI with food. The lower dose showed a 13% increase in HDL-C, whereas the high dose showed an increase of 18% over the 2 week period. Both low- and high-dose groups showed significant increases in plasma apolipoprotein A-I. The high dose of PI also decreased plasma triglycerides by 36% in the fed subjects. These data suggest that after only 2 weeks, PI may have a comparable therapeutic value to niacin, with negligible side effects.

Contribution of postprandial lipemia to the dietary fat-mediated changes in endogenous lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in humans

Dietary fats alter LDL and HDL cholesterol while serving as precursors of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). We hypothesized that the saturated fatty acid (SFA)-mediated increase and the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-mediated decrease in endogenous lipoprotein cholesterol are promoted by postprandial TRLs. We performed a 16-d crossover diet study to examine the effect of PUFA-rich [ratio of PUFAs to SFAs (P:S) = 2.0] and SFA-rich (P:S = 0.25) diets on fasting and postprandial plasma lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in 16 normolipidemic subjects. Fasting plasma cholesterol decreased significantly after a PUFA-rich diet because of a decrease in LDL (-12.3%; P < 0.05) and HDL (-3.8%; NS), but did not change after an SFA-rich diet. The appearance of postprandial TRLs in plasma at 4 h was linked to a significant lowering of both LDL (-7.4%) and HDL (-4.8%) after a PUFA-rich diet; no such effect was observed after the SFA-rich diet. At 7 h, LDL and HDL cholesterol returned to near fasting concentrations without postprandial TRL accumulation after a PUFA-rich diet but with a significant postprandial TRL accumulation after an SFA-rich diet. Thus, the in vivo postprandial clearance of cholesterol in LDL+HDL was greater after a PUFA-rich diet than after an SFA-rich diet. The appearance of postprandial TRLs in plasma increased the cholesteryl ester transfer protein-mediated transfer of cholesteryl ester from LDL+HDL to TRLs in vitro without a significant influence from dietary fat. Dietary fat-mediated alterations in the rate of hepatic removal of postprandial TRLs, which carry cholesterol accepted from LDL+HDL via cholesteryl ester transfer protein in vivo, may contribute to the dietary fat-mediated change in endogenous lipoprotein cholesterol.

Feeding Minipigs Fish Oil for Four Weeks Lowers Postprandial Triacylglycerolemia

We wanted to establish a minipig model for the study of postprandial lipemia and plasma lipid clearance after fish oil consumption. Seven minipigs were fed a fish oil-enriched nonpurified diet and a control diet for 4 wk in a randomized cross-over study. After each intervention period, each pig was challenged with a gastric fat load (2 g fat/kg body) and an intravenous fat bolus (0.1 g/kg body) on separate days. Frequent blood samples were collected for 6 h after the gastric fat load and for 40 min after the intravenous bolus. The fish oil-enriched diet was associated with lower triacylglycerol, glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations in the hours after the gastric fat load than the control diet (P < 0.05). In contrast, the triacylglycerol disappearance rate after the intravenous fat bolus was not affected by fish oil (P = 0.19). In conclusion, dietary fish oil supplementation attenuates postprandial lipemia in minipigs similarly to what occurs in humans. Minipigs could serve as a useful model for future studies of this phenomenon. We observed no significant effect of fish oil supplementation on plasma triacylglycerol clearance and thus were unable to identify the mechanism explaining the attenuated lipemia in minipigs.

Lipoprotein(a) in alcohol-dependent male patients during a six-month abstinence period.

The best known and probably most important mechanism of health-protective moderate alcohol drinking is beneficial changes in plasma lipid levels. We determined changes in main plasma lipid levels in alcohol-dependent patients over a 6-month abstinence period. Fifty-four alcohol-dependent male patients, who were abstinent for less than 14 days, and 20 non-alcoholic males, who had not drunk alcohol for the last month, were studied. In all patients at the study start and after 4 weeks and 6 months observation, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL), LDL cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride concentrations, both fasting and 5 h after a fatty meal, were determined. Alcohol-dependent patients had similar mean fasting and post-prandial plasma lipid levels as the control group, both at the study start and after 4 weeks of abstinence. Whereas, in alcohol-dependent patients after 4 weeks of abstinence, a significant decrease in Lp(a) and fasting HDL levels, as well as a significant increase in fasting LDL level and pro-atherogenic indices of plasma lipids [TC/HDL, (TC-HDL)/HDL, LDL/HDL, Lp(a)/HDL] were observed. Post-prandial levels of studied plasma lipids, except HDL, did not change over the 6-month observation period. In patients who did not remain abstinent for the whole observation period (n = 9), in comparison to abstinent patients, significantly higher HDL levels and a tendency to higher values of LDL, LDL/HDL, Lp(a) and Lp(a)/HDL were found. (1) Higher Lp(a) levels soon after alcohol withdrawal may be a factor potentially responsible for the increase of acute cardiac syndromes prevalent in the drinking and early abstinence period, in spite of high HDL concentration; (2) in alcohol-dependent male patients, after a 6-month abstinence period, pro-atherogenic plasma cholesterol fraction changes occurred, expressed by a decrease in HDL level and an increase in LDL concentration.

A common polymorphism in the fatty acid transport protein-1 gene associated with elevated post-prandial lipaemia and alterations in LDL particle size distribution

The fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) have been implicated in facilitated cellular uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), thus having the potential to regulate local and systemic NEFA concentrations and metabolism. Hypothesising that genetic variation within the FATP genes may affect lipid metabolism, we investigated a G/A substitution at position 48 in intron 8 of the fatty acid transport-1 (FATP1) gene with respect to associations with fasting and post-prandial plasma lipid and lipoprotein variables in 628 healthy 50-year-old Swedish men and 426 Swedish women, aged 37–65 years. A subset of 105 men with the apoE3/E3 genotype underwent an oral fat tolerance test. Although fasting plasma TG concentrations were not different, male A/A individuals had significantly higher post-prandial TG concentrations and VLDL 1 ( S f 60–400 apoB100)-to-VLDL 2 ( S f 20–60 apoB100) ratio compared to male G/A and G/G individuals. A/A individuals apparently failed to suppress plasma NEFA concentrations during the oral fat tolerance test. Furthermore, fasting plasma concentrations of the largest, most buoyant LDL subfraction (LDL-I) were significantly lower in carriers of the A allele in the male cohort. Electromobility shift assays and reporter gene studies indicated that binding of nuclear factors and effect on transcriptional activity differ between the intron 8 alleles. These findings suggest that through regulation of NEFA trafficking, FATP1 might play a role in post-prandial lipid metabolism and development of cardiovascular disease.

1P-0115 MTP and β3-adrenergic receptor variants affect postprandial plasma lipid levels and a marker for insulin resistance

1P-0115 MTP and β3-adrenergic receptor variants affect postprandial plasma lipid levels and a marker for insulin resistance

Dietary alpha-linolenic acid lowers postprandial lipid levels with increase of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents in rat hepatic membrane.

This study was designed to examine the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on postprandial lipid levels and fatty acid composition of hepatic membranes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained for a 3-h feeding protocol and fed one of five semipurified diets: one fat-free diet or one of four diets supplemented with 10% (by weight) each of corn oil, beef tallow, perilla oil, and fish oil. Two separate experiments were performed, 4-wk long-term and 4-d short-term feeding models, to compare the effects of feeding periods. Postprandial plasma lipid was affected by dietary fats. Triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol levels were decreased in rats fed perilla oil and fish oil diets compared with corn oil and beef tallow diets. Hepatic TG and total cholesterol levels were also reduced by fish oil and perilla oil diets. Fatty acid composition of hepatic microsomal fraction reflected dietary fatty acids and their metabolic conversion. The major fatty acids of rats fed the beef tallow diet were palmitic, stearic, and oleic. Similarly, linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid in the corn oil group, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the perilla oil group, and palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the fish oil group were detected in high proportions. Both long- and short-term feeding experiments showed similar results. In addition, microsomal DHA content was negatively correlated with plasma lipid levels. Hepatic lipid levels were also negatively correlated with EPA and DHA contents. These results suggest that n-3 ALA has more of a hypolipidemic effect than n-6 LA and that the hypolipidemic effect of n-3 PUFA may be partly related to the increase of EPA and DHA in hepatic membrane.