Postpartum Comfort Research Articles

Annelerin doğum sonu konfor düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi

Aim: The study was conducted as a descriptive study in order to determine mothers’ postpartum comfort levels and the affecting factors. Materials and Method: The sample of the study consisted of 526 postpartum mothers in two hospitals in a province of Turkey and who accepted to participate in the study. Data were collected using face-to-face interview method by Personal Information Form and Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS). Results: In this study, it was detemined that the mean score of the mothers from PCS was 122.88±15.02, 46.27±7.66 in physical comfort, 43.48±5.10 in psychospritual comfort and 33.09±6.59 in sociocultural comfort, and the mothers’ comfort was found to be at moderate level. Physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural comfort and total mean scores of the mothers who planned their pregnancy, who described health professionals’ behaviors as quite gentle, who had education during hospitalization, who were satisfied with the care, who expressed their general health condition as very good and who felt relieved thanks to postpartum care were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that planning of pregnancy, perception of birth, general health status, behaviors of health professionals, having education during hospitalization and satisfaction with the care affected the mothers’ comfort levels. Mothers should be informed and supported during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods, delivery services should be arranged in a way to increase comfort and health professionals should behave gently to mothers and their families.

DOĞUM YAPAN KADINLARIN DOĞUM SONU KONFORU VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Amaç: Araştırma, doğum yapan kadınların doğum sonu konforu ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma ülkemizin batısında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinin kadın-doğum kliniğinde 406 anne ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma Ocak 2017- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında yapılmıştır. Veriler, kişisel bilgi formu ve Doğum Sonu Konfor Ölçeği (DSKÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Veriler sayı, yüzdelik, ortalama, standart sapma, Cronbach Alpha, t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskall-Wallis, tek yönlü varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Annelerin DSKÖ toplam puan ortalaması 110.42±9.12’dir. Annelerin çalışma ve gelir durumu ile DSKÖ; annelerin aile tipleri, doğumda komplikasyon olması, doğum şekli ve doğum sonu anne-bebek ilişkisinin sağlanması ile fiziksel alt boyut; annelerin gelir düzeyi, aile tipleri, gebeliği isteme durumu, doğum sayısı, doğumda komplikasyon olma, doğum şekli ve doğum sonu anne-bebek ilişkisinin sağlanması durumu ile psiko-spritüel alt boyut; annelerin gelir düzeyi ve gebeliği isteme durumu ile sosyo-kültürel alt boyut puanları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç: Araştırmada annelerin orta düzeyde konfora sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Doğum yapan annelerin doğum sonu dönemde konforunu artırabilmek için, hemşirelerin bakım gereksinimlerini belirlemede, annelerin konfor konusunda beklentilerini göz önünde bulundurmaları önerilebilir.

The Effect of Perineal Warm Application on Perineal Pain, Perineal Integrity, and Postpartum Comfort in the Second Stage of Labor: Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Protection of perineum and reduction of perineal pain is important in the second stage of labor. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of perineal warm application on perineal pain, perineal integrity, and postnatal comfort in the second stage of labor. Methods: A single blind randomized and controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 100 primiparous pregnant women in the warm application (n = 50) and control groups (n = 50). The warm application group was given a damp and warm application to the perineal region during the second stage of labor and only the standard midwifery care was given to the control group. Pregnant Introductory Form was used in the collection of data. Perineal pain level was measured prior to and after the intervention, after delivery, and 2 h from delivery by means of Visual Analogue Scale. In the postpartum period, the perineal condition was evaluated by the midwife with Questionnaire to Determine the Perineal Condition. Two hours from the delivery, Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire was used to determine the comfort level of the women. Results: It was found that there was a decrease in the pain levels of the warm application group compared to pre-intervention pain levels (p < 0.0001). When the warm application and control groups were compared, we found statistically significant differences between the pain levels immediately after the intervention (perineal pain: 8.54 ± 1.38 vs. 9.56 ± 0.57, p < 0.0001), after delivery (perineal pain: 2.20 ± 1.72 vs. 3.64 ± 2.07, p < 0.0001), and 2 h after delivery (perineal pain: 0.30 ± 0.78 vs. 0.68 ± 0.98, p = 0.028). In the study, the intactness of perineum was found to be significantly higher in the warm application group compared to the control group (p = 0.003). The suture need for perinea was significantly higher in the control group than in the warm application group (p = 0.016). In the study, the physical comfort level of the warm application group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (56.06 ± 4.61 vs. 54.30 ± 4.73, p = 0.012). Conclusions: In the second stage of labor, it was found that the application of warmth decreases perineal pain, maintains the perineal integrity, and improves postpartum comfort.

Labour Worry and Postpartum Discomfort of Primiparous Mothers in Konya, Turkey

Increased levels of worry about childbirth labour may lead to the development of obstetric complications. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the factors that affect the birth worry of primiparae. The population of the study consisted of the primiparous women between May and August 2018 in the Dr Ali Kemal Belviranl? Maternity and Children’s Hospital in the province of Konya, Turkey. A total of 240 primiparous women were selected by means of convenience sampling for this descriptive research. The Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ), the Oxford Worries about Labour Scale (OWLS), and a questionnaire that examines socio-demographic and obstetrical features were used to collect the data. The data were analysed with independent samples, the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. The mean age of the women was 27.09 ± 5.04 (min.: 18, max.: 41) years and the mean gestation was 38.8 ± 1.1 weeks. The mean score of labour worry was higher while the mean score of postpartum comfort was lower for those women who had a caesarean delivery (OWLS: t = ?6.47, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = 4.40, p = 0.001), who had high concerns or fears about labour or delivery (OWLS: t = ?7.05, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = ?7.04, p = 0.001), who were not emotionally supported by their family during pregnancy (OWLS: t = 13.12, p = 0.001, PPCQ: t = 13.12, p = 0.001), and who had experiences of health problems during delivery (OWLS: t = ?5.01, p = 0.001; PPCQ: t = ?6.06, p = 0.001). It has been found that as the OWLS scores increase, the PPCQ scores also increase reflecting a positive correlation (r = 0.672, p &lt; 0.001) between these variables. This study supports existing literature which states that factors such as health status, aspects of labour and social support affect labour worry and the postpartum comfort level. For this reason, increasing women’s comfort in the postpartum period may be provided by being informed about their physical and psychological health as of the antenatal period, and by giving midwifery care and health education that aim to determine their labour worry level and to eliminate it.

The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation and Postpartum Comfort in Caesarean-Delivery Primiparous Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Study.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of reflexology on lactation and postpartum comfort in primiparas giving births through caesarean section. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 100 women with first birth through caesarean section between May 2016 and May 2017. Expectant mothers were randomly included into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group consisted of mothers in whom reflexology was performed three times per day at every eight hours for 30 min for 3 days. The mean scores of the breastfeeding chart system and breastfeeding satisfaction scores of the mothers in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the controls, and the first lactation period of the mothers in the intervention group was shorter than that of the controls. Mean breast-tension, breast-heat, and breast-pain scores were similar in both groups on day 1; however, a significant increase was seen the intervention group on days 2 and 3, compared to those in the controls. The mean scores of the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire in the intervention group were significantly better than those of the controls. Reflexology starts lactation earlier in mothers giving birth via caesarean section, supports the breastfeeding period, and increases mothers' postpartum comfort.

The effect of delivery mode on maternal and newborn comfort: An analytical study

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of delivery mode on maternal and newborn comfort. Material and Methods: It is an analytical study. 60 mothers who had vaginal delivery and 60 mothers who had caesarean section and their newborn infants.It was conducted in a State Hospital located in a province in the southern Turkey. The data of the study were collected with Mother and Newborn Information Form, the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire, the Newborn Comfort Behavior Scale, and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Before starting the study, written and verbal permissions were obtained from the institution, the ethics committee and the mothers.Results: In this study, it was determined that those who had a caesarean delivery experienced more problems related to sitting on the bed, standing up, personal hygiene, perineal hygiene, urinary incontinence, flatus, and pain at the operation site compared to those who had a vaginal delivery (p0.05). The breastfeeding self-efficacy scores did not differ between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Future studies should evaluate the effect of the method of delivery on maternal and newborn comfort.According to the literature, women who had vaginal delivery according to cesarean section; postpartum comfort, breastfeeding success and self-efficacy of breastfeeding were reported to be higher. In this study, it was determined that the delivery mode did not affect the maternal and newborn comfort and mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Effect of Foot Massage on Postpartum Comfort and Pain Level of the Mothers Who Had Vaginal Birth

Effect of Foot Massage on Postpartum Comfort and Pain Level of the Mothers Who Had Vaginal Birth

Postpartum Comfort and Breastfeeding Behavior of Primipara Obese and Non-Obese Mothers

Postpartum Comfort and Breastfeeding Behavior of Primipara Obese and Non-Obese Mothers

The Effects of Cold Application to the Perineum on Pain Relief After Vaginal Birth

PurposePerineal pain developing during the postpartum period affects women's relationships with their families and infants. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of cold gel pad application for relieving perineal pain and possibly increasing mothers' comfort after vaginal delivery. MethodsThis experimental randomized controlled study was conducted in the postpartum department of obstetrics and gynecology hospital. A total of 200 mothers were included in the study. Cold gel pads were applied to the perineum of mothers in the experimental group for 20 minutes in the postpartum first 2 hours and 4 hours after the first application. All the data were collected by using an information form, the visual analog scale, and the postpartum comfort questionnaire. ResultsIn the experimental group, the first visual analog scale score was 6.73 ± 1.68; after cold gel pad application, the pain levels decreased to 2.59 ± 1.20 in both primiparous and multiparous mothers. In addition, the postpartum comfort questionnaire score increased from 2.58 ± 0.14 to 2.69 ± 0.14 in the second assessment after the cold gel pad application and the difference was statistically significant (p < .001). ConclusionThe application of the cold gel pad to the perineum relieved perineal pain and increased postpartum comfort in all the women. The pain felt by the women during the recovery and the daily activities decreased. Postpartum perineal pain adversely affected daily activities such as lying down, sitting, and walking; infant care, breastfeeding, and urination; and comfort levels of the postpartum women.

Determining Comfort Levels of Postpartum Women after Vaginal and Caesarean Birth

Abstract This descriptive study was conducted to determine the comfort levels of postpartum women after vaginal and caesarean birth. The sample of the study consisted of 233 volunteer women. The data were collected using a questionnaire and Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS). In the analysis of the data, Cronbach alpha coefficient, percentage, distribution, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test, ANOVA test and Kruskall- Wallis ANOVA were used. According to the types of delivery of the women participating in the study, the average age of the women having caesarean delivery was determined higher (30.03 ± 5.34) than the women having vaginal birth (28.45±5.15), and their difference was found statistically significant (p

The Effect of Nursing Care Based on Comfort Theory on Women's Postpartum Comfort Levels After Caesarean Sections.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nursing care based on comfort theory on women's postpartum comfort levels after C-sections. A quasi-experimental design was used. The sample comprised 100 women who had C-sections (50 experimental, 50 control). A total of 27 nursing diagnoses were determined. The physical (p = .000), psychospiritual (p = .249), and sociocultural (p = .001) subdimension mean scores on the Postpartum Comfort Scale were higher in the experimental group than they were in the control group. The mean total scores on the Postpartum Comfort Scale were 138.70 ± 8.79 in the experimental group and 131.06 ± 9.30 in the control group (p = .000). Nursing care based on comfort theory for women having C-sections met their comfort needs and increased their postpartum comfort levels. It is recommended that nursing care outcomes be compared using different nursing models.

Subjective assessment of pain and its relationship to the administration of analgesics in patients with advanced cancer

Labour pain is a constantly increasing pain. This study thus aims to determine the effects of acupressure and shower on labour pain and postpartum comfort.In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), the control group consisted of 40 pregnant women, while the experimental groups consisted of 80 pregnant women in total. The experimental groups received routine labour care and either acupressure or showers upon reaching three cervical dilations (4–5, 6–7 and 8–10 cm). The control group only received routine labour care. A maternal information form (MIF), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ) were used to collect data.Pain was significantly reduced in both of the experimental groups, in contrast to the control group, in all periods of the study (p < 0.001). Postpartum comfort also significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05).Acupressure and showering are effective in reducing labour pain and increasing postpartum comfort. Midwives and nurses can therefore apply them as inexpensive and easy to administer methods for labour pain relief.

Evaluation of the rucker method of episiotomy repair as to perineal pain

T HE episiotomy is, of a11 obstetric surgery, the most frequently performed procedure and is in itseIf one of the chief factors in the postpartum comfort or discomfort of the mother.’ On its successfu1 use and proper repair depends much of the patient’s future wellbeing. The consensus is that the episiotomy is not onIy def?niteIy indicated but is essential in many instances in the prevention of the development of rectocele, cystoceIe and proIapse of the uterus. The postpartum perinea1 discomfort on the part of the patient not onIy is at times very distressing but also of considerabIe annoyance to the accoucheur. It is our opinion that it is possibIe to minimize or eliminate the perinea1 discomfort, which often foIIows the employment of episiotomy, through the use of the Rucker repair. That many obstetricians expect their patients to have pain due to stitches is shown in an articIe by Kretzschmar and Huber,* who, in their Iast item under technique of repair of episiotomy, Iist heat compresses for the relief of discomfort. Scheffery,” who was struck by the common compIaint of distress, discomfort and even severe pain foIIowing the episiotomy repair, resorted to the use of a IocaI anesthetic (eucupine-procaine) which wouId Iast Iong enough-four to five days-thus giving both immediate and proIonged effect. Hunter,* in an attempt to contro1 the pain after episiotomy, injects deep into the repair, procaine and butesin in oi1, in order to obtain IocaI anesthesia for periods up to three weeks. Hunter, as a matter of fact, in using a water soIubIe soIution, stated that the main disadvantage was that the effect Iasted onIy three to four days after which the patients had as much pain as in the contro1 group. It has been our impression that in order to eIiminate this perinea1 pain and the need for medication to control it, two important factors in the cause of this pain must be borne in mind, nameIy, the frequent use of the crown suture or simiIar sutures, which incIude a Iarge bite of tissue on either side of the episiotomy at the mucocutaneous junction, and the use of knots in the suture thus causing tension when edema occurs within the first twenty-four to fortyeight hours. As a resuIt of the edema the sutures cut into the tissue, thus giving rise to a great dea1 of pain. These two factors are eliminated in the use of the Rucker repair.