Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical outcomes of 20 patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent PEID at Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2015 to December 2016. The visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and MacNab criteria were applied to evaluate the surgical effects. Results The operation was successfully completed in all patients.The follow-up duration was 12 months. Postoperative VAS and ODI at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months were all significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels(all P<0.001). According to MacNab criterion, the excellent-to-good ratio was 80% (16/20). One patient presented transient postoperative numbness. No infection, recurrence, nerve root injury or other complications occurred. MRI was performed after operation to confirm that the protruding nucleus pulposus was removed completely. Conclusion Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar discectomy could treat lumbar disc herniation safely and effectively. Key words: Intervertebral disc degeneration; Lumbar vertebrae; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; Diskectomy, percutaneous; Treatment outcome