Postmodern Strategies Research Articles

Postmodern Approaches in the Select Plays of Vijay Tendulkar

Vijay Tendulkar’s surgical approach to contemporary life earns him a distinguished place in the realm of Indian English drama. In Tendulkar’s theatre reality is often fragmented, socially constructed and theatrically presented. In his wizardry of theatre Tendulkar focuses on postmodern attitudes, marginalized voices, and contemporary social issues. As a sage of postmodernism, the playwright emphasizes patriarchal issues, gender discrimination, alienation, fragmentation, and the subversion of power-structure in most of his plays. The different plights are deployed as a vantage point for postmodern discourse. The sufferings of marginalized people, communal issues, and gay concerns get dramatized and reflected in postmodern perspective. Social issues, postmodern techniques, and symbols often challenges to conventions in his plays. This research paper examines playwright’s postmodern strategies that subvert power structure, challenge traditional notions, narratives and question the notion of reality. It aims to analyze the various aspects of postmodernism through the fragmentation of reality and identity crisis; social hypocrisy and moral ambiguity; patriarchal issues and gender discrimination; and the subversion of power structure in the select plays of Vijay Tendulkar, especially Silence! The Court is in Session and Sakharam Binder.

From Civilization to Barbarism in El ciudadano ilustre : The Return of a Latin American Paradigm?

The aim of this article is to have an in-depth look at how the nineteenth-century paradigm of civilización y barbarie , predominant in Latin America, is represented in the film El ciudadano ilustre/ The Distinguished Citizen (2016), an Argentine film directed by Mariano Cohn and Gastón Duprat. A fictional account of an Argentine writer’s life after winning the Nobel Prize, it has a highly ambiguous ending. I argue that the film establishes a dialogic link with classics of Latin American literature such as Esteban Echeverría’s ‘El Matadero’ (1871) and Jorge Luis Borges’ ‘El Sur’ (1953), and Facundo by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, laying bare the unresolved tension between civilización and barbarie in contemporary Argentina and broader Latin American society. A close analysis of El ciudadano ilustre shows that, at least in Latin America, oppositional concepts have all but died, thus challenging the postmodern trend of dissolving them along with other supposedly outdated binarisms (such as urban v. rural, centre v. periphery.). Simultaneously, the film uses metafiction as a postmodern strategy to deal critically with the dichotomy.

Postmodern Approach to History in the Novel "Selvitë E Tivarit" by M.Kraja

This study article aims to analyze the special way through which the important events of the historical past are integrated into the fiction of the writer Mehmet Kraja with the aim of ironizing and not documenting them. Our main argument is that in the novel "Selvitë e Tivarit" the historical context of the Tivari War is effectively portrayed through postmodern narrative tools and techniques, which highlight doubt and unreliability towards references and the absolute authenticity of historical narratives. The use of techniques such as the presence of a "dubious" narrator's voice, fragmentation, time distortion, ironic representation, etc., appear as postmodern strategies that play an important role in blurring the boundaries between reality (truth) and fiction and enable the thematization of important issues of history, culture, and human and national identity. Our methodology includes the use of analysis methods, which will enable us to delve into the interior of the text, at the levels of narration and discourse, as well as the comparative method to highlight the differences and commonalities between traditional and contemporary models of historical fiction.

Scrutinising the Moon: Randa Jarrar’s “The Lunatic’s Eclipse” Under a Postmodern Lens

This paper aims to investigate the short story “The Lunatic’s Eclipse” by the Arab-American Randa Jarrar and explain the postmodern techniques represented through the different functions of the moon. The study is qualitative research that employs postmodern strategies of magic realism, metafiction, carnivalesque, and intertextuality as the study's methodology. Through these strategies, the story blurs the boundaries between reality, magic, and fiction and unites them in one entity to highlight themes of freedom, happiness, and self-reliance. Therefore, the study relies on postmodern theorists' ideas and theories on these strategies, including Jean-Francois Lyotard, Linda Hutcheon, Franz Koh, Mikhail Bakhtin, Gerard Genette, and William Gass. The moon is also employed as a structure for the story and a theme that unites all the parts of the story together. The characters are also given names that mean different phases of the moon in Arabic. Jarrar uses the moon to resist stereotyping Arab women as weak and submissive.

“Dostoevsky”: The biographical fantasy of Don Nigro

In his work, the modern American playwright Don Nigro frequently refers to the personalities of world spiritual culture – philosophers, artists, musicians and writers. Russian cultural personalities occupy a significant place among them, great Russian writers in particular, to some of these personalities individual plays are dedicated, while others appear in them as minor characters. Such is the play “Dostoyevsky” (2015), in which the writer’s work is inextricably linked with his biography. In this essay, we set out to analyze this synthesis of the factional and the fictional. Biographical facts and real personalities are intertwined with the characters of Dostoevsky’s works in the same artistic space in such a way that it is sometimes difficult to separate what is happening in reality from what is a figment of the artist’s imagination. As a result, a bizarre canvas is created where the biographical facts become a kind of palimpsest, on which his creativity is super-imposed. In his plays, Nigro, as a rule, is more interested in the details of his characters’ personal life than in their creative work but this play differs favorably from some others. At the same time, despite the use of a number of postmodern strategies - fragmentation, palimpsest, abundant intertextuality, carnivality, images of mirrors and labyrinths as key symbols – the playwright goes beyond the purely postmodern game and creates a psychologically convincing image of a genius writer. The playwright himself has repeatedly confessed his great love for Russian literature, and this play is another confirmation of this.

THE EIGHTIES IN CROATIAN LITERATURE AND FILM FROM A SOCIO-POLITICAL AND GENRE ASPECT

In the 1980s, Croatian literature and cinema were significantly influenced by European and American (postmodern) movements which reevaluated the notion of genre. Until that period, genre was often marginalized and considered a product of commercial usage and, therefore, inferior to „serious“ works of art. In this decade, Croatian writers and film directors embraced a new attitude towards genre by exploring various marginali­zed genres such as science-fiction, horror and melodrama. The works of some authors were strongly influenced by postmodern strategies, while others, despite the exploitation of some of the postmodern features, also accentuated relation to social and po­litical context. Writers like P. Pavličić and G. Tribuson or dire­ctors like Z. Tadić, Ž. Tomić and D. Šorak were amongst those authors who made a notable career as genre authors whether using a socio-political context or an escapist approach in their works.

Asymmetric and Hybrid Warfare in Postmodern Times: Lesson from Hezbollah-Israeli War 2006

This paper discussed asymmetric warfare between Hezbollah as a non-state actor against Israel in the Second Hezbollah-Israeli War in 2006. This paper focused on Hezbollah's strategy as the weaker side to fight against Israel as the state with the strongest military forces in the Middle East. The battle between Hezbollah and Israel can be categorized as post-modern warfare because it has hybrid and irregular elements of warfare. That is, the war mixes the use of conventional and non-conventional methods of warfare. This paper uses the concept of hybrid warfare and Taylor’s strategy theory to explain the Hezbollah strategy against Israel. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and explain the strategies employed by Hezbollah, a non-state actor, in the Second Hezbollah-Israeli War in 2006, utilizing the concepts of asymmetric and hybrid warfare. The paper focuses on Hezbollah's use of post-modern strategies, such as guerrilla tactics, unconventional warfare methods, information warfare, and psychological tactics, to counter the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) and achieve its goals in the asymmetric conflict. This paper finds that Hezbollah uses elements of post-modern strategy by conducting guerrilla and hide-and-seek tactics, mixing the use of conventional and modern warfare equipment, the use information and media, engaging in acts of terror, and applying psychological warfare to achieve the ultimate goal the main objective) in the fight against Israel Defense Force (IDF).

Musical Performance in the Context of the Phenomenon of Postmodernist Musical Culture

The purpose of the article is to reveal the features and trends of modern musical performance through the prism of the phenomenon of postmodern musical culture. The research methodology. The analytical method is applied; a systematic method enables the examination of postmodern musical culture as a whole; the historical method and the method of cultural analysis, which contributed to the understanding of the ways of forming and developing musical performance, as well as of the essence of musical performance as a socio-cultural phenomenon; method of theoretical generalisation. Scientific novelty. Characteristic features of musical postmodernism are analysed; features and trends of the development of modern musical performance in the context of postmodern culture are revealed; the problem of performing interpretation is considered through the prism of the concept of postmodernism. Conclusions. Institutes of musical performance formed in the past centuries retain their positions in the modern socio-cultural space. However, a characteristic phenomenon is currently the strengthening of trends that appeared in the age of postmodernism. On the basis of the conceptual principles of postmodern musical culture in performance unprecedented interpretive approaches to the musical text are formed aimed to attract both elite and mass listeners, techniques of combination and eclecticism of various views and artistic traditions, dialogism with different civilizations and historical periods are actualised. The concept of the "death of the author" gets its own detection in the context of the specifics of musical performance, being realised in a new, postmodern strategy of interpreting the musical text and significantly expanding the author's capabilities of the performers. The specificity of musical performance in the era of postmodernism consists in unique approaches to interpretative activity, which in particular conveys the key features of its time, reproduces the special mission of a man in the modern world, and reflects cultural life.
 Key words: postmodernism, musical culture, musical performance, performance interpretation.

Post-modernism, Paraphilia, Sadism, Necrophilia, and Sexually Motivated Homicide: An Interdisciplinary Reading of Dennis Cooper’s “Frisk” (1991)

This paper explores the representation of sexually motivated homicide in Dennis Cooper’s “Frisk” (1991) while employing an interdisciplinary framework in methodology, specifically: psychopathology and forensic psychology. First, the novel’s cultural context points to its postmodern strategies, indicative of the psychopathological effects of late capitalist culture. Then the paper turns its attention to the novel’s protagonist, Dennis, who is initially diagnosed with paraphilic disorder as defined by the “Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders” (2013). Afterward, implementing a typology developed by Anglo-Canadian criminologist Lee Mellor, Dennis is analyzed and categorized as a homicidal necrophilic offender and a homicidal sexual sadist. The detailed investigation of his sexually motivated crimes places the character among the most notorious serial killers in the world.

POSTMODERN STRATEJİLER IŞIĞINDA ÇAĞDAŞ TÜRK SANATÇILARIN PRATİKLERİNDE FEMİNİST EĞİLİMLER

Kadınların erkeklerle eşit hak, statü ve özgürlükleri için verdikleri mücadele sonucu ortaya çıkan Feminizm, kadın ve cinsiyet sorunu üzerinden günümüzde de en çok tartışılan konulardan biri olmuştur. 1960’lardan sonra cinsiyet ayrımcılığı, kadınların uğradıkları haksızlıklar ve baskının ortadan kalkmasını savunan feminizm, zaman içerisinde epistemolojik dönüşümler geçirmiş, bu dönüşümlerin ardından sadece kadınların değil, LGBT’lerin de haklarının korunması gerekliliğini savunan yeni söylemler ortaya atmışlardır. Feminist söylemler sadece bir düşünce olarak kalmamış sanat ortamında da kendini kabul ettirmiş pek çok sanatçı tarafından destek görmüştür. Ülkemizde çağdaş sanat ortamında feminist yaklaşımlar sergileyen ya da feminist hareket içerisinde gösterebileceğimiz pek çok sanatçıya rastlamak mümkündür. Araştırmanın sınırlılığı kapsamında Şükran Moral, Özlem Şimşek, Füsun Onur, Nilbar Güreş, Mehtap Baydu olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada sanatçıların daha çok kimlik, cinsellik, toplumsal cinsiyet, cinsiyet eşitsizliği, ırkçılık, kadın bedeninin metalaşması gibi temalara odaklandıkları görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda feminizm kavramının çağdaş sanata yansımaları postmodern stratejilerden pastiş, ironi, kendine mal etme, parodi ve metafor üzerinden oluşturulmuş; yapıtlar daha çok enstalasyon, video, performans ve fotoğraf gibi sanat pratikleriyle ele alındığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

A heap of postmodern strategies: a study of postmodern elements in the novels of the comfort of Strangers and the Child in Time of Ian Mc Ewan

A heap of postmodern strategies: a study of postmodern elements in the novels of the comfort of Strangers and the Child in Time of Ian Mc Ewan

Postmodern Doctrines and Poetic Vision in G’Ebinyo Ogbowei’s marsh boy & other poems

Abstract This paper explores and queries the reliance on postmodernist doctrines that continue to flood the Nigerian cultural and intellectual spaces. Essentially, postmodernism undermines established religious, cultural and political metanarratives that guide the sense of morality, order and decorum that are characteristic of many African societies. To examine the infiltration of the postmodernist philosophy into the Nigerian ideological space, a significant place to begin is the country’s literary productions. Ebinyo Ogbowei’s marsh boy & other poems is a compelling commentary on the author’s appropriation of postmodern creeds to counter long-established metanarratives which have allegedly abetted the fractured political and economic climate of many countries. The poet adopts revolutionary aesthetics, intertextuality, eclecticism, nihilism and pessimism, pornography and playfulness and ruptures linguistic and grammatical conventions to affirm his philosophy of progressive emancipation through revolutionary, nihilistic, and subversive acts. In the end, his postmodernist strategies fail because they plunge his fictional society into deeper chaos and lack of finality and closure, while he embraces coital diversion as an escape hatch from the vagaries of life. This places a huge question mark on the viability of postmodern protocols, especially as it concerns the undermining of religious and cultural metanarratives that have so far provided humanity guidelines for social and political decorum.

Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine's Play “into the Woods”: A Postmodernist Study

Postmodernism is an intellectual movement that embraces meaningless and fragmentation. The concept of scepticism will be its dominant feature. Scepticism means to challenge and to question the fixed view of certain beliefs. Sondheim's Into the Woods (1986) is a musical play that consists of traditional famous fairy tales. Sondheim deconstructs and challenges these traditional fairy tales in order to be appropriate for postmodern age. Definitely the fairy tales are marvellous stories that have a simple structure but at the same times it reflects the ideological and the cultural elements of the society. Two tales in Into the Woods; Cinderella and Jack and the Beanstalk, will be studied according to postmodern strategies and techniques such as intertextuality, deconstruction theory and fragmentation to scepticise the cultural and ideological elements that exist under the simple structure of these traditional tales.

CONSTRUCTIVISM AND IT’S SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATION IN EDUCATION

Constructivism and its socio-philosophical implications for education were the subject of the current investigation. A connotative term is constructivism. It denotes a variety of attributes, including good, beneficial, advantageous, cooperative, creative, practical, useful, productive, valuable, and worthwhile. Construct means to create anything by joining several elements. It is a theory or a conviction supported by various pieces of evidence. It is a constructed or created idea or object. Constructivism is a sophisticated, dynamic, and all-encompassing idea. It is a post-modern strategy that is also relative. It is the procedure or approach used to create something novel and inventive.

Deconstructing the Metanarrative of Jihadism: A Postmodern Study of Fatima Bhutto’s Novel The Runaways

The present research article aimed to deconstruct the metanarrative of Jihadism by analyzing the novel The Runaways (2018) by Fatima Bhutto through the lens of postmodern theory. Fatima Bhutto in her novel tried to present that Jihadism is a false accusation against Muslims by West media to target a particular religious group for political gains. Present research applied the postmodern concept of 'illegitimacy of totalizing narratives' by Jean-Francois Lyotard and Baudrillard's concept of ‘Hyper-reality' to inquire how it was not Islamic extremism that provoked characters to join the jihad movement but rather alienation, rejection, and social injustice which turned them against the world. Moreover, Freud's concept of 'displacement' was also taken to understand the motives behind joining the jihad movement. This research article tried to conclude that jihad was a biased metanarrative which is constructed through different postmodern strategies which had no bending to mainstream Islam and was a stigma to Muslims identity in general.

METANARRATIVE FUNCTION OF ENTOMOLOGY IN ANTONIA SUSAN BYATT’S MORPHO EUGENIA

Antonia Susan Byatt, described by the reviewers as a “postmodern Victorian” (Levenson, 1993) or a “Victorian Iris Murdoch” (Butler, 1992) has proved that her writing skill has become something irreplaceable in the postmodern literary world. Her Possession has accomplished something that Hutcheon (1988: 20) in her A Poetics of Postmodernism called “the actual reception of postmodernism”, not sociologically limited to mostly academic readers. While in the Possession Byatt makes parodies of scholars giving a fair amount of critique of poststructuralist and postmodern attitudes through different narrative perspectives; paradox, ambiguity and self-reflexibility (Hansson, 1999), in Angels and Insects she makes a parody of the Victorians or through them, of our own time, fusing conventional and postmodern narrative strategies. Conventional, because she basically tells a story about Victorian naturalists and their fashionable activities at the time. All the rest is postmodernism; the metanarrative usage of entomology, the intertextuality which expands narrative possibilities, the self-reflexibility. The questions this paper deals with are several. Why are the intertexts of entomology metanarratives in the novella Morpho Eugenia so profuse to the point of interference? Is it because the insect allegory is an allegory in itself or simply the allegory is so rightfully used that it can go on and on? And finally, is the reader here a literary gourmet or a student listening to the lecture considering that the novella is a mixture of exquisite Victorian setting narratives and metanarrative entomology discourses?<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0948/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Excedente español en la Cuba postsoviética: Muerte de un murciano en La Habana (2006)

This essay analyzes the visual strategies used in Muerte de un murciano en La Habana (2006), by Teresa Dovalpage, a novel that parodically interrogates the social impact of economic dynamics in post-Soviet Cuba, based on a scriptural enterprise that uses intertextuality and self-referentiality. The writer deploys a series of postmodern strategies in which both subjects and Spanish Baroque pictorial signs are mobilized and parodied in the same operation as they are relocated onto a specific local urban space: Havana. I propose here that the author includes herself, as Velázquez would do in Las Meninas, not to shed light on representational strategies, but to draw attention to the figure of the migrant writer in a regional linguistic market, who must capture the gaze of Spanish transnational publishers, who exercise a hegemonic control in that market.

«SILENT ALL THESE YEARS» OR BECOMING IN EVERYDAYNESS: TORI AMOS AND HER POETICS OF THE QUOTIDIAN

Created by the American singer-songwriter Tori Amos «Silent All These Years» is a prominent cultural product of the 1990s in the domain of western popular music. Released in the beginning of the decade it has actualized the current sensibilities, ethically and aesthetically. Deploying the efficient mutual engagement of feminist and postmodernist strategies the author mobilizes the quotidian and performs its intellectual aestheticization.
 The study focuses on the ways the everyday operates in the song lyrically and musically, as well as on the author’s intention of aestheticizing the mundane. There is an important interdependence between the material circumstances in which the song was created and its genre form of an indie ballad — an ironic gesture that subverts the «heroic» becomes definitive of the piece. The embodied «women’s» experience of the mundane comes as grotesque, «women’s» time threatens to devour the time of «progress», elements of western eschatological mythology undergo domestication and the archetypal image of the Mermaid receives a re-reading, urban everyday vocabulary ruptures the «high» register. An intensification of sameness, repetition and monotony, however, accentuates a non-ironic potentiality of emancipation and insight.
 The poetics of the quotidian in Amos, thus, presents itself politically by locating the invisibly heroic becoming in everydayness as opposed to a one-time extraordinary action. One of the singular possibilities of such a becoming is a possibility of a continuing, and always risky, dialogic exchange.

Beginning of Typographic Installation and Contemporary Graphic Creativity

Beatrice Warde’s crystal goblet has changed the perception of typography and typographic expression in the print and online media since it was published. “Bear with me in this longwinded and fragrant metaphor; for you will find that almost all the virtues of the perfect wine-glass have a parallel in typography” (Warde,1956, p. 1). Since 1932, when Warde introduced type and typography as a ‘crystal goblet’, typography has evolved significantly, and probably in the fastest way with the contributions of technological improvements and printing technologies. Typography has proliferated in the early decades of the 20th century as an essential and highly visible aspect of modern art and design. It has also became a production practice in post-modern art in the middle of the 20th century and early 21st century. As it is known, text is not new to art and avant-garde and so is typography. With postmodernism, the usage of text, type and typography in post-modern art practices, contemporary artwork examples, design arts, installations and conceptual art movements blurred the boundaries between art and typograph. Especially artists and designers started to use typography in their personal expressions as a post-modern art strategy and, as a result, typography became a hybrid form to assess in 21st century art practices and also a raison d’être to convey idea, thought and message. In this paper, by using the descriptive method, I will focuse on the relationship between typographic installation and contemporary graphic creativity. In this regard, evaluating Beatrice Warde’s philosophy along with the samples of typographic installation of artists such as Sheila Levrant de Bretteville, Stephen Doyle, Barbara Kruger etc. and a special museum Deportee Memorial Museum Carpi, will be helpful in order to compare the changes in the past and present approaches in typographic applications and it will be useful in order to understand today’s graphic creativity.

Postmodern strategies of the artistic reception of chaos in the novel «Lovers of justice» by Y. Andrukhovych

Postmodern strategies of the artistic reception of chaos in the novel «Lovers of justice» by Y. Andrukhovych