Postmodern Research Articles

The "mass of people" in the postmodern perspective according to Jose Ortega-i-Gasset's "Mass Rebellion"

The article "Mass Revolt in the Postmodern Perspective by Jose Ortega-i-Gasset" deals with Jose Ortega-i Gasset and Martin Heidegger's definition of the specifics of mass society. Their views on "mass society", "mass man" and "man - mass". The main focus is on the nature of mass society in the post-righteous era, as well as on the new features of the postmodern era of the "human mass". The concluding section summarizes and outlines the role of mass culture in the postmodern era, how the relationship between man-mass and the intellectual in the postmodern era can be imagined.

Постобразование, что после? Статья 2

The second part considers the basic principles of identity formation through education, developing a system of ethical criteria that allow normal existence in the postmodern era. Emphasis is placed on building the right strategy that would orient education to prepare new generations to work in a full-cycle production systems.

Satire as the Comic Public Sphere: Postmodern “Truthiness” and Civic Engagement

Satire as the Comic Public Sphere: Postmodern “Truthiness” and Civic Engagement

Black Fundamentalists: Conservative Christianity and Racial Identity in the Segregation Era by Daniel R. Bare

Reviewed by: Black Fundamentalists: Conservative Christianity and Racial Identity in the Segregation Era Daniel R. Bare Curtis J. Evans Daniel R. Bare, Black Fundamentalists: Conservative Christianity and Racial Identity in the Segregation Era (New York: New York University Press, 2021) Probably no religious groups in American history, with the exception of Puritans, have received as much attention and scholarship over the last decade or two as white evangelical and fundamentalist Protestants. Beginning with George Marsden’s groundbreaking Fundamentalism and American Culture, the scholarship has continued to flow. Two books serve as bookends of one era of this scholarship: Joel Carpenter’s Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism (1997) and Matthew Sutton’s A History of Modern Evangelicalism (2017). Before Mary Beth Swetnam Mathews’s Doctrine and Race: African American Evangelicals and Fundamentalism (2017) came out with its fuller treatment of black fundamentalism, Sutton’s book was the only synthetic account to take seriously the experience of African American fundamentalists. One of the most striking insights from Sutton’s book is how seemingly little shared theological positions between white and black fundamentalists mattered for white fundamentalists insofar as their political and civic responsibilities toward African Americans. White fundamentalists supported segregation, espoused and propounded racist and buffoonish caricatures of black religiosity, and almost universally rejected any attempt to reform American society according to a Social Gospel model that found a notable [End Page 128] and important following among black (liberal and conservative) and white (liberal) Protestants. Daniel R. Bare’s Black Fundamentalists stands squarely in the midst of this historiographical debate and argues that black Americans have been excluded from the scholarship on Protestant fundamentalism. He seeks to correct that lacuna by examining the ways in which some African Americans accepted self-identification as fundamentalists and adhered to a number of “fundamentalist” doctrines. Bare argues for the salience of theological doctrine as a marker of identity and as a “meaningful analytical category.” The latter argument is a driving force in his narrative, though its plausibility is less compelling as it lays out the details of what the fundamentalist label meant apart from opposition to certain modernist positions. Unfortunately, we learn very little about the details of the lives of these black fundamentalist leaders. They appear like spectral figures; we know almost nothing of their educational background and the kinds of church contexts in which they preached. Bare makes no significant mention of the Great Migration as a force in catalyzing these divisions within black Protestantism. Even when social context comes into play, Bare tends to misconstrue the power dynamics of racial oppression by insisting that “the different social and cultural circumstances facing black and white communities often led to substantially different social actions and applications, even among those who would commonly agree on the most important fundamentalist doctrines” (15). To speak of black confrontations with racism as merely “different social actions and applications” of theological doctrines indicates at best a serious misunderstanding of the harshness and circumscriptions of social existence for blacks, as though the two groups were equal in merely “applying” doctrines to the circumstances of their lives. Black Fundamentalists has five chapters and a helpful introduction that points out the ways in which race and African American fundamentalism have not been adequately addressed in the existing scholarship. Bare makes a compelling case for the inclusion of African Americans in narratives of fundamentalism, but his specific doctrinal approach to black Protestants leaves a lot of missing parts. The first chapter uses African American weekly newspapers as a source for discussions about the prevalence of fundamentalism in black communities. Given the complicated, critical, and sometimes adversarial perspective that black newspapers took on black religious life, it seems doubtful that their claims about fundamentalism as a widespread phenomenon among black Protestants should be taken as the last word. Calling someone a fundamentalist was often a way to denigrate their entire religious perspective, and black newspapers and secular critics often resorted to this tactic (a point that Bare notes in respect to claims about what was best for black civic and political life). [End Page 129] Bare’s second chapter looks at the five fundamental doctrines across black Protestantism and compares black...

DAMPAK COVID 19 DAN STRATEGI KELOMPOK SADAR WISATA (POKDARWIS) DALAM MENGELOLA DESA WISATA DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

The Pamekasan Regency Government's policy on thematic villages has been responded to by the community with the development of tourist villages. This is not without reason considering the many tourism potentials and tourism products in Pamekasan Regency. Each establishment of a tourist village is managed by Pokdarwis in the village. In this postmodern era, tourist villages are very popular in Indonesia because some of them not only offer tourist designs such as tours abroad, but in the midst of tourist boredom with artificial designs, many tourists also want tours with a back to nature theme. Pamekasan Regency has both tourism design potentials because this area has a coastline as well as hills, some of which are designed to resemble tourist objects abroad, some of which are naturally designed. The growth of tourism in Pamekasan has a positive impact on people's economic growth. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, income from the tourism sector has decreased or even not existed at all due to a number of policies to control the transmission of the Covid 19 virus. This study used a qualitative method with data collection through FGD (Focus Group Discussion) to all Pokdarwis representatives in Pamekasan Regency. . The results of this study found that Pokdarwis and tourism actors who had depended on the tourism sector were the most disadvantaged groups due to the covid 19 pandemic. On the other hand, they must still be able to manage tourism places so they don't close forever or collapse. Some of the strategies they have implemented include continuing to open tourism places with restrictions on the number of visitors, promoting in digital media, and enforcing a reservation system for visitors.

Challenges and Opportunities for the Mission of the Churches in Indonesia in the Postmodern Era

Postmodernism is a very controversial term. On the one hand, this term is often used cynically and mockingly. However, in reality, the term has attracted the wider community's interest even outside the academic world. Indeed the term has shown that it can articulate several crises and the fundamental socio-cultural changes that we are currently experiencing. The distinctive character of modernism always tries to find the basis of 'knowledge' about 'what' reality is, namely by returning to the subject of knowing (understood psychologically and transcendentally). It is hoped that a 'certainty' can be found, which is very basic for human knowledge of 'reality', namely the imagined reality as an external reality. In contrast, in postmodernism, human understanding is then built based on the perspective of society with 'subjectivity' and 'language'. At this point, there is no absolute truth, so Postmodern must create its own mini-narrative to be a reference for its life. The Church as God's messenger and representative is present to provide direction and strengthen the voice of a sacred conscience to Postmodernism. The desire to make narratives is not led by wild feelings or intuition, but by reason that has been renewed continuously. The Church should accomplish this by relying fully on the sovereign authority of the subject of faith rather than relying on her own fragile and sin-distorted powers of reason.

The Shakir's Ghazal and Modernity, Post-Modernity

Everything changes with time. Literary trends also were changing with time. As progressive movement has destroyed traditional literary trends. Similarly, the theories of modernism, post modernism, colonialism and structuralism have influenced the literature around the globe. Saraiki literature has also been influenced by these theories and movements. We have tried to analyze this fact there. Shakir Shuja Abadi is the renowned nation poet of Saraiki language. The odd of Shakir is analyzed in the light of theories of modernism and post modernism to see to extent. Shakir's odd meet the criteria of the mentioned theories. How well this odd reflects the Facts and problems of society and how much improvement he wants in society.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAW IN THE POST-MODERN ERA

Abstract. The legal system of modern Russia is faced with global challenges resulting from the digitalization of many spheres of life and a radical change in the mentality of society in the postmodern era. Purpose: to analyze the problems of legal regulation of new social relations arising in cyberspace. Methods: general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition are used: comparative legal method, method of interpreting legal norms. Results. The law must enter cyberspace in order to be able to regulate and protect the interests of the state and citizens, information, assets, finances, intellectual property, secrets. It is a task not only for sectoral legal science, it is a common task for theoreticians and practitioners. The issues of the subject of law, the object of law, the goals and objectives of legal regulation in the new information society require rethinking.

The Kiss of a Philosopher

AbstractMotivated by Socrates’ warning to avoid the kisses of beautiful people, given the risk of losing rational self-government if seduced by a beautiful face, this account of Heidegger’s seemingly apolitical, Socratic defense of philosophy is a warning about the corruption of reason that may issue from commerce with the deceptively beautiful arguments, or cognitive kisses, of philosophers. Particularly philosophers who have a political agenda, this having been true of Heidegger, whose philosophy was infected with a militant fascism antithetic to truth-seeking Socratic philosophers. The test of ideas developed by America’s pragmatic philosophers, Pierce, James, and Dewey, is presented as an antidote to the malignant arguments of Nietzsche and Heidegger, whose deceptively beautiful arguments were destructive to humankind. Concluding remarks identify current threats to rational self-government writ large, by focusing on our postmodern information age in which almost anyone can become a spellbinding producer of deceptively beautiful, virulent information in cyberspace.

НОВАЯ КАРТИНА МИРА И КУЛЬТУРА ПОВСЕДНЕВНОСТИ. О ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕХНИКИ, СЕКУЛЯРИЗАЦИИ И СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОСТМОДЕРНА

This article discusses the specifics of the relationship between the development of technology, the processes of secularization, and the principles of the Postmodern Condition. The influence of these relationships on the culture of everyday life is revealed. The study used the concepts of culture-forming ideals according to D.V. Pivovarov and the ideas from the "Research Program"of Lakatos. A historical analysis of the factors that influenced secularization was made. Common points of interaction between Peter Berger and Jean Francois Lyotard are found. The influence of the Protestant movements of the second half of the 20th century on the formation of cultural ideals is considered. The contribution of Dorothea Sölle, almost unknown in Russia, is indicated. Within the framework of the article, the concept of polyvariability of the Hard Core of modern culture is indicated. This article is relevant for people studying cultural studies, theology, psychology, sociology and philosophy.

Russian culture as a civilizational phenomenon: aspect of values

The article is devoted to the understanding of the Russian culture as a phenomenon of Eastern Christian civilization. The author analyzes the main historical stages of the formation of the Russian culture in its interrelation with religion, worldview and social political life of the corresponding period against the background of substantial facts, principally based on the Russian literature and philosophy. Proceeding from the principled diagram of civilization as a concentric system of social casings, located around the religious valuables kernel, the author keynotes the continuity of the country’s cultural code despite the revolutionary shifts in time, irrespective of the existence of the Peter the Great Western-like reform, February or October coup d’état in 1917 or collapse of the USSR late in XX century. The basic methodological categories of the given analysis are the paradigms of the classical, modernist and post modernist style as integral features of history and theory of the Russian Orthodox civilization on the whole, starting from Baptizing of the Russ and ending with the contemporary crucial stage of its existence. The principled attention is drawn towards the general European and world context, which take place in this country’s culture and which on the one hand are an aspect of the global ideological development, and on the other are the unique creative acts of our centuries-old tradition. In this aspect this country’ spiritual culture with all its worldwide nature (Dostoevsky F.M.), early XXI century is becoming a kind of an alternative for a post modernist destruction of a man’s image as an integral being. The utmost expression of the latter are the trans humanistic tendencies in the “decline of Europe”, threatening to turn Homo Sapiens into an artificial cyborg.

Disscussions Of Postmodernism & Feminism

Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the late 20th century across the different fields of life e.g arts, Philosophy, architecture and criticism. It is an intellectual stance or a mode of discourse that rejects the possibility of reliable knowledge. Feminism is a range of different political movements, ideologies and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish and achieve the political, economic, personal and social equality of genders. This research article comprises of basic and ideological discourse on post modernism and feminism in Urdu literature. In this article the evolution of feministic theory has been observed, keeping in view the philosophical discourse shaped on universal level and the historical perspective of women.In addition ,a brief review of another important post modern theory New Historicism has also been stated in this article.

Dr. Riaz Tawhidi Kashmiri – A Representative Fiction Writer Of The Postmodern Era

Dr. Riaz Tawhidi Kashmiri is a renowned fiction writer of Indian Occupied Kashmir. Not only are the stories of local themes found in his fictions but the canvas of most of his stories is so wide that world-class themes and issues have been molded into the framework of fiction with great artistic and intellectual style. Thus most of his short stories beautifully reflect postmodern themes and on a literary level Riaz Tawhidi seems to have succeeded in establishing his position as a representative fiction writer of the postmodern era. In this article we will critically study the themes of Dr Riaz Tahwhidi’s fiction writing.

Linking Metanarrative: Lexical Content in Preeti Shenoy’s A Hundred Little Flames

The Postmodern metanarrative abbreviates the relation between entrap the texts that are wreaked by incidents, quotes, allusions, translation and so on. The aim of the study spotlights on the postmodern tendency of metanarrative in Preeti Shenoy’s selected text, A Hundred Little Flames. Preeti Shenoy is a multifarious postmodern writer. The term metanarrative is linked with dialect in the texts. The features of metanarrative are dialect, incident, way of narration and allusion etc. Jean Francois Lyotard is one among notable theorist of metanarrative. The present study has adopted only Lyotard’s metanarrative theory. The methodology of the study splits into three metanarrative concepts – narration towards knowledge, narration towards dialect and narration towards nostalgia. Lyotard proposed these three diverse concepts in his famous book The Postmodern Condition. These metanarrative concepts are adapted to the present study, and the authors have investigated the metanarrative elements in the select text of Shenoy. The results of the study are evaluated with other studies under postmodern metanarrative.

Filozofija postmoderne i poučni tekst / The philosophy of postmodern age and edifying texts

Starting with a concept of conflict between scientific and narrative knowledge, which is used for explanation of whole history of cultural imperialism of the West, the philosophy of postmodern age ends with emphasizing the need for accepting inevitable existence of different language games in practical discourse. It means the prescription of certain coexistence between different types of knowledge and their protagonists. The source of lasting inclination towards dominance is hidden in flexible nature of scientific knowledge, which ensures for it the self-questioning adaptive capacity, and rigid nature of the narrative knowledge, which has no intention to change at all. On the other side, edifying texts from the times of revival of Bosnian- Muslim literature, start from the idea that science and faith do not collide, and that they are complement in Islamic and other eastern civilisations.

European Experience of Decentralization in a Civil Society in the Postmodern Era

In the postmodern era, European political philosophy has introduced several concepts. These concepts have ideologically prepared Western countries for decentralization reform. Being still “in process”, reflection on the proper structure of postmodern society is marked by ambiguous and often contradictory ideas. The very view on the state as a de-hierarchical, rhizomorphic and horizontal phenomenon presupposes numerous ways of reforming it. Throughout their histories, European countries have shifted from confrontations, hostilities and rivalries towards new mechanisms of fruitful relationships between civil society and state institutions. Nowadays, many aspects are influencing the elaboration and implementation of strategies on civil society development in different countries. These aspects include the following: different starting conditions; the presence or absence of basic principles of public space development; the possibility of fulfilling civic practices’ potential; the level of political participation. West European countries have managed to create a viable structure to support the development of civil society, as well as maintain a stable dialogue between it and the state. However, the process is still on: effective practices of interaction between them are being developed; conditions for more effective cooperation are being improved; new financial instruments are being created and implemented. All Central and East European countries have a common understanding of civil society as one of the most important actors in developing cooperation with the government. At the same time, they should be able to solve existing essential problems, such as low awareness about global development problems and the population’s unreadiness to meet the immediate objectives of civil society development.

The Organization of a Foreign Language Distance Learning in Quarantine During the Postmodern Era

The article addresses organization of distance learning of foreign languages in quarantine during the postmodern era. It is noted that organization of distance learning in the educational process is very important. It was clarified that distance learning is based on synchronous and asynchronous modes. The essence of the concepts of “distance learning”, “asynchronous learning”, “synchronous learning”, “quarantine” is explained. Articles of domestic and foreign teachers and scientists analysing the broached subject were reviewed. The article highlights advantages and disadvantages of distance learning. It has been studied that for students studiing foreign languages remotely, an interesting form of learning is watching TV shows and movies. The digital programs and the essence of their advantages are also given. The researchers’ view on the effectiveness of multimedia presentations, trainings, games is given. It is also found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is hard for parents to work on the platforms unlike children. The platforms for synchronous and asynchronous learning are separated. It is noted that teachers with primary school students use visual forms of learning to interest children and to present new material in a clear and accessible way. During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual communication is found prevaling in postmodern society. It is noted that a foreign language can be learned through a Facebook group. It is investigated that learning foreign languages requires special attention to development of communication skills. The problems that arose in teachers during the organization of distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic are studied.

E-Learning in a Postmodern Society

The relevance of the chosen direction of research is that e-learning at the present stage of development of society is one of the most popular forms of organization of the educational process. This primarily applies to vocational and postgraduate education. Its main advantage is that it focuses on creating a barrier-free learning environment, ensuring the availability of quality education without separation from work and family and regardless of the place of residence. The article analyzes the features of updating the education system in the postmodern era and the urgent problems of the education system that need to be addressed (improvement of national educational legislation; changing the image of research and teaching staff; preservation of classical universities; change of system and support for business, which is used to develop science and education; securing the technical and technological needs of the education system). Features of e-learning as a means of meeting the demand for educational services, its advantages and disadvantages are characterized. The peculiarities of functioning of open educational resources as prospects of e-learning development are analyzed. Continuation of the initiated research is to study the specific characteristics of mobile learning as one of the possible options for e-learning.

Development of Art Education as a Basis for Sustainable Development of Society

The article considers questions about the role and significance of art education in the context of ensuring sustainable development of society. The features of the development of art education in the postmodern era, its functions and specific features (individuality, creativity, understanding of a person as the highest value, etc.) are analyzed. The interdependence of arts education and sustainable development are characterized. The exceptional importance for ensuring sustainable development of an appropriately oriented and updated arts education was emphasized. In particular, it seems possible to ensure a change in stereotypes, ways of thinking and actions of people, the formation of appropriate motivation and public opinion in the context of applied nature through the influence of art. Ways to improve art education with the aim of ensuring sustainable development are proposed: integration of formal and non-formal art education, ensuring innovativeness, interdisciplinarity and multiculturalism of art education, creating an inclusive environment in higher educational institutions. We see prospects for further scientific research in the creation of a model for training specialists with certain properties and substantiation of the features of its implementation in real conditions of the educational process in higher education institutions of the artistic direction.

The Universe as an Aesthetic Symbolism of Postmodernity

The article reveals the philosophical, worldview, aesthetically-axiological aspects of considering the universe as a symbolic phenomenon of the postmodern era. It is emphasized that the analysis of beauty, as the basic category of aesthetics, needs to find out its aggregate nature, depending on the individual and social semantic characteristics of reality. One of the key points of such an analysis is its metaphysical problematic – the direct emergence of constructive emotion into the realm of the transcendental, namely, the view of Man from the Universe from the standpoint of eternity. The timeliness and necessity of considering the problem of the symbolic context of the universe is obvious in the context of the third millennium, the realities of which call into question the very fact of conservation of wildlife on Earth. In the minds of assimilating the finality of the earthly boot, its primarity of progressive stochasticity, in the midst of the amplification of the eschatological context, the people of the era of postmodernity are demonstrating the development of the fastflowing, hardened nonsense. In the philosophical tradition, the symbol is the role of a pure "selfness", not tied to the powerful moment of the object: the symbolic picture does not reflect reality, as it is - the symbol of knowing the "refair" in the sphere of the virtual. It is proved that for the modern man the Universe is the object of not only scientific, technological, but also philosophical, cultural studies, it synthesizes for the unity of the object of scientific interest, a symbol of aesthetic pleasure and a source of formation of appropriate images and archetypes.