Postgraduate Training System Research Articles

Internship in the System of Postgraduate Training of Medical Specialists for Various Sectors of Healthcare, Including the Disaster Medicine Service of the Ministry of Health of Russia: the History of its Formation and Development, 1967–2017

Internship in the System of Postgraduate Training of Medical Specialists for Various Sectors of Healthcare, Including the Disaster Medicine Service of the Ministry of Health of Russia: the History of its Formation and Development, 1967–2017

Research Status and Prospect of Military Postgraduate Training Quality Assurance System

The quality assurance system of postgraduate training is a powerful guarantee to ensure the quality of postgraduate training. By combing the literature research on the quality assurance system of postgraduate training in military academies, this paper finds three types and seven specific problems that affect the quality of training. In view of the current training characteristics, the prospect of quality improvement is put forward from three aspects : theoretical research, training status and system construction. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the construction of a quality assurance system for postgraduate training in military academies in the context of the new era.

Conceptual component of health-preserving activities of Physical Culture and Sports specialists

One of the main tasks of the modern policy of Ukraine is to preserve health of the population, to form needs, motives and values for a health-preserving lifestyle, a conscious attitude to the problems of health and life safety, especially under conditions of martial law. The health-preserving activities of Physical Culture and Sports specialists in preschool education institutions, general secondary education institutions, and higher education institutions should aim to create a health-preserving educational environment for the participants of the educational process, which requires the modernization of the training process intended for future specialists (junior specialists, bachelors, masters) in Physical Culture and Sports in institutions of higher education as well as directing it to the development of a personality capable of creatively, rationally and professionally performing the role of a coordinator, an organizer and a manager of Physical Education, Sports alongside the formation of participants’ healthy lifestyle within the educational process in an educational institution. At the current stage of the development of Physical Culture and Sports, contradictions can be seen between the demand of the European community and our society for the level of readiness of specialists in Physical Culture and Sports; between the focus on the professional activity of Physical Culture and Sports specialists and specialized types of training, as well as the technological content of the training process aimed at future specialists. Research methods: logical methods, systematic analysis of scientific (philosophical, pedagogical, special) literature on health-preserving activities of Physical Culture and Sports specialists. It was determined that the conceptual apparatus eliminates different understanding and interpretation of professional terms during communication between the participants of the educational process. The theoretical provisions contained in the scientific research deepen the conceptual understanding of the methodology of improving the training in the field of Physical Culture and Sports and health education, create conditions for scientific assurance of the professional training aimed at future specialists in Physical Culture and Sports. The main key concepts of health-preserving activities of Physical Culture and Sports specialists have been revealed and clarified. New formulations of the concepts “health-preserving activities of Physical Culture and Sports specialists” are provided, such as: Physical Culture teacher; physical culture of the individual; the concept "health" for children and adolescents; health care; health care professional activity; health-preserving educational environment of a higher education institution; the concept of physical culture, physical culture as a process has been clarified; Physical Education; pedagogical activity; health; health promotion; biological basis of health; the value of health; axiological (value-oriented) approach; health care activities in a higher educational institution; health-preserving educational space. The research results can be used in the practice of professional training aimed at future specialists of Physical Culture involving health-preserving activities with students of educational institutions, the system of postgraduate training and in the process of developing programs, educational and methodological aids on the problems related to Physical Culture and Sports in the direction of a healthy lifestyle and health preservation.

Innovation of Law Education Model in Applied Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

Relying on the nation's first judicial big data research base for people's courts in Southeast University, Southeast University Law School has set up a training direction for graduate students in legal big data and artificial intelligence, and explored the “three-dimensional, small-scale, wide-ranging, and large-scale ecology.” The concept of “meta-integration” of legal postgraduate talent training will build a “four-in-one” legal big data and artificial intelligence postgraduate talent training system, so that the leading position of legal big data and artificial intelligence in leading disciplines will be gradually established, and the training effect of leading talents will be established. In addition, the establishment of a teaching feedback mechanism can also provide important guidance for how to improve artificial intelligence in legal education. This paper applies the data mining technology to the legal education in colleges and universities and comprehensively expounds the basic theories and methods of data mining.

MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE MODEL OF A PHYSICS TEACHER

The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of the physics and astronomy teacher’s mathematical competence structure. Theoretical and experimental methods were used in the research including methods of systemic analysis, pedagogical modeling, testing of statistical hypotheses based on selective studies and descriptive statistics. The research results reveal that the mathematical activity of physics teachers, defined by functional components of subjectmethodological competence, encompasses 20 directions. The importance indices were determined for each of these directions, reflecting the frequency of their application in teachers’ real work. A structural model of the physics teacher’s mathematical competence was constructed. This model includes blocks of subject-methodological and analytical activities, interconnected by feedback loops. Informational connections link these blocks with blocks of analytical, operational, and epistemological functions, as well as with blocks related to the selection of mathematical activities types and directions of mathematical activity. An experimental study of the methodology for measuring the indices of mathematical competence levels was conducted identifying problematic mathematical topics for physics teachers. These topics include expression transformations, elements of differential calculus, geometric problems, and vector-coordinate methods. The practical significance of research lies in the fact that the obtained results facilitate of the postgraduate training system enhancement for teachers in advanced courses, as well as the design and implementation of a methodological system for the development of mathematical competence among physics teachers within the framework of continuous pedagogical education. The analysis conducted in the research also permits the identification of directions for improvement in the training of future physics teachers in classical and pedagogical universities. The main research conclusions, it is noteworthy that an intermediate level of mathematical competence is essential for realizing the functions of subject-methodological competence among physics teachers. Furthermore, it was established that at least 30% of physics teachers require additional mathematical education for their further effective work. Future research in this domain will be focused on the implementation and analysis of the effectiveness of the methodological system for the development of mathematical competence among physics teachers within the framework of continuous pedagogical education.

Scientific creativity and innovation ability and its determinants among medical postgraduate students in Fujian province of China: a cross sectional study

BackgroundGraduate education is the main approach to training high-level innovative elites. With the expansion of the scale of graduate education in China, it has gradually emerged that the lack of innovation ability of graduate students is recognized as the primary problem in graduate education. How to comprehensively improve the quality of postgraduate teaching has become the core task of educational reform and development. However, data about the current cultivation and development of the innovative ability of graduate students in China is limited.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among medical postgraduate students. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis methods were used to analyze the data to describe the current innovation ability in advanced medical education and potential influence factors.ResultsA total of 1241 medical students were surveyed, according to the results of questionnaire data analysis. The proportion of subjects who participated in the College Student’s Entrepreneurship and Innovation program or any other scientific research programs are fairly high which are 46.82% and 29.20% respectively. Most of the participants are observed with high levels of self-motivation and active learning and have good performance in creative thinking. However, only a small number of participants (16.6%) reported academic achievements such as publications. Most of the students are satisfied with the current scientific research environment and think that the current postgraduate training system is qualified for the cultivation of innovation ability, and expects the inclusion of course specialized in systemic medicine and medical informatics in the curricula. Multiple logistic regression results showed that among the factors studied, gender, medical specialties, and types of master’s degrees are associated with cognition & skills, academic performance, and creativity.ConclusionsIt will be important to incorporate more techniques for creating and improving creativity in the curricula of the current postgraduate education, especially for courses such as systemic medicine and informatics. Guidance in earlier school life can stimulate creativity and an early introduction to scientific research work will facilitate innovative thinking and behavior. Scientific research programs such as the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training for the universities of PRC have been widely implemented in the undergraduate education system throughout the country. However, the training effectiveness of the current scientific research programs is worth improving.

Characteristics of University Hospitals Implementing the Postgraduate Clinical Training "Tasukigake Method" and Their Correlation with Program Popularity: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In 2004, the postgraduate clinical training system in Japan was radically revised by introducing a super-rotation matching system. Although postgraduate clinical training became a mandatory 2 years of training, the program and operation were left to each facility's discretion, leading to training-program popularity differences. The Japanese Tasukigake method provides clinical training in which "hospitals where junior residents work" and "external hospitals/clinics that provide clinical training" conduct clinical training alternately on a 1-year basis. The study aimed to identify the characteristics of university hospitals that implement the Tasukigake method to help educators and medical institutions create more attractive and effective programs. All 81 university main hospitals were included in this cross-sectional study. The information regarding Tasukigake method implementation was collected from the facilities' websites. The training program's matching rate (popularity) was calculated from the Japan Residency Matching Program's interim report data (academic 2020). We used multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the association between Tasukigake method implementation, program popularity, and university hospital characteristics. The Tasukigake method was implemented by 55 (67.9%) university hospitals, significantly more by public university hospitals (44/55, 80%) than by private (11/55, 20%) (P < 0.01) and by hospitals without branches (38/55, 69.1%) than with branches (17/55, 30.9%) (P < 0.001). The maximum hiring capacity of junior residents (P = 0.015) and number of branches (P < 0.001) were negatively correlated, and the population of the hospital's city (P = 0.003) and salary/month (P = 0.011) were positively correlated with the Tasukigake method implementation. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed no significant association between the matching rate (popularity) and Tasukigake method implementation. The results show no association between Tasukigake method and program popularity; also, highly specialized university hospitals in cities with fewer branch hospitals were more likely to implement the Tasukigake method.

METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF RESEARCH COMPETENCE AMONG HISTORY TEACHERS

The education system, which provides for the development of the personal potential of future specialists as a special goal, needs a teacher with a high level of high-quality professional training. This is primarily due to the fact that the spiritual and personal potential of the teacher cannot otherwise fulfill the competence of the personal development of the educational process. Thus, the result of the process of preparing teachers for research activities can be defined as the personal and professional development of the student, which is formed in the existing system of knowledge about research professional and pedagogical activities, personal and professional and professional pedagogical development. Pedagogical activity is reflected in practical preparation for research activities. The principle of humanization means that the system of postgraduate training of teachers should be aimed at meeting the needs of the individual in professional development. The idea of recognizing a person as a person in the education system, his right to freedom and equality; the idea of observing the principles of justice and goodness, the norms of human relations; the idea of creating conditions for the free development of creative abilities and human abilities.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА КАФЕДРЕ ОБЩЕЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИИ ВОЕННО-МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ИМ.С.М. КИРОВА

Abstract. The transition from a certification system to a system of accreditation of medical workers has raised quite a few questions. Given the emergence of the latest methods of treatment, the emergence of new dental materials and equipment, dentists need to constantly improve their knowledge and practical skills. The requirements of the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the field of postgraduate education of specialists with higher medical education fully apply to the system of postgraduate and additional training of medical officers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the introduction of new methods of continuous medical education of dental specialists. Material and methods. At the Department of General Dentistry of the Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov, NMO work programs are formed taking into account the most pressing problems of practical healthcare using national guidelines, clinical recommendations, standards, and scientific research results. Students actively participate in patient consultations conducted by the faculty of the department, work on phantoms, improve existing ones and master new methods of diagnosing and treating patients. Results and discussion. Complexes of control and evaluation materials for each module (tests, situational tasks, archive of CBCT and X-rays), examination questions and tickets for the types of training have been developed. At the end of the cycles, teachers of the Department of General Dentistry conduct a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical training of students, evaluating the effectiveness of virtual simulation training methods. Conclusions. The main task in the development of the CME system for dentists of military medical organizations is to improve distance education, which will allow them to master new technologies for diagnosing and treating major dental diseases on the job. The Department of General Dentistry has educational, scientific and clinical potential, so work to improve the CME system will continue.

Changes in the system of postgraduate training

The development and establishment of postgraduate training in the Russian Federation has a long history. A retrospective comparison of all periods of postgraduate training showed that, as a training program, postgraduate studies have always been such, but with regard to the tool for preparing a qualified scientist, the question still hovers among the professional community - what is the educational component and what is the scientific component in the specified educational program. New regulations that came into force in 2022 that change the system for training scientific (scientific and pedagogical) personnel are the result of a search for a solution to create an optimal system for training postgraduate students in the Russian Federation.

Management of Training of Highly Qualified Personnel at Enterprises of the Military-Industrial Compl

The article discusses the practical aspects of the formation of a postgraduate training system in the conditions of a scientific and industrial organization. The results of the analysis of the process and the results of the organization of training are presented, aspects of the implementation of the educational process of graduate students in modern conditions are considered. The main emphasis is placed on methodological approaches to the formation of objectified assessments of the effectiveness of the educational process, taking into account the individual characteristics of the educational trajectories of graduate students. Samples of forms and examples of presentation of the results of control tests are given.

Sharing Resources and Complementing Advantages—Exploring the Mode of Joint Cultivating Innovative Medical Postgraduates across Colleges and Universities

The joint cultivation of innovative postgraduates between universities and colleges or between universities and medical research institutes is an important initiative to promote the powerful combination, in-depth cooperation, and innovation for both sides. During this period, the postgraduate training system has been improved in multiple aspects through resource sharing and complementary advantages among medical colleges and universities to jointly train high-level innovative medical talents. This article aims to analyze and discuss many issues when establishing the model of joint cultivation of innovative postgraduates across universities and colleges and explore the feasibility of its mechanism, thus providing new ideas for promoting the reform of the medical postgraduate education system, innovation of management mechanism, and improvement of training quality.

Exploration and Practice on the Cultivation of Postgraduates Majoring in Electronic Information in Chongqing Under the Background of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Made in China 2025&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

In 2015, the State Council issued <i>Made in China 2025</i>. The cultivation of professional postgraduates under the background of <i>Made in China 2025</i> has become a hot spot. At the same time, <i>Made in China 2025</i> also puts forward new requirements for talent cultivation in Chinese universities. Chongqing has the largest electronic information industry cluster in the world and the largest automobile industry cluster in China. Electronic information is the largest pillar industry in the city. At present, there are few colleges and universities in Chongqing to train electronic information professionals (Masters), which is very mismatched with the rapid industrial development in Chongqing. As a result, the current situation of the existing training system of master's training in electronic information in Chongqing can not meet the talent demand of the electronic information industry in Chongqing. This paper carries out the exploration and practical research on the postgraduate training system from the aspects of the setting of the interdisciplinary curriculum system, the reform of the training mode guided by the industrial demand, the perfect cross-training process, the construction of the curriculum system with Chongqing and industry characteristics under the needs of the new economy, and the construction of innovative practical projects that meet the new requirements and highlight the leading role of enterprises. Combined with the positioning of "local, open and applied", this paper meets the needs of local social and economic development for advanced applied talents of electronic information, constructs the curriculum system of graduate students majoring in electronic information, and creatively explores new countermeasures for the cultivation of graduate students majoring in electronic information under the new situation, to improve the traditional cultivation mode of professional master students in Colleges and universities, Apply the connotation of new engineering to the reform of training mode, effectively improve the training quality of master's degree students majoring in electronic information, and provide a strong guarantee for the training of senior technical talents facing the electronic information industry (especially the electronic information industry in Chongqing).

Current trends in training in continuing education: theoretical principles

The article supports the theoretical-methodological provisions that allow a systematic and comprehensive study of the postgraduate pedagogical training of teachers. The essence and characteristics of postgraduate pedagogical training for teachers from various training institutions were defined, providing professional and pedagogical training for this category of pedagogical staff; regularities, principles and conditions were developed for the implementation of promising directions for the development of the postgraduate pedagogical training system for teachers of different profiles; ifdeveloped technological support for postgraduate education for teachers from different backgrounds; promising paths for the development of postgraduate pedagogical training for teachers of multidisciplinary training in professional education were identified and based on the modernization of society.

Harmonization of Postgraduate Training System with the Certification of Candidates of Sciences

Harmonization of Postgraduate Training System with the Certification of Candidates of Sciences The activities of the postgraduate school and the network of dissertation councils represent the stages of the trajectory of the formation of a researcher with an academic degree. This means that their activities should be coordinated. The article discusses several approaches to the harmonization: at the level of each organization – by the presence or absence of one of the participants in the trajectory, and at the thematic level. For each approach, statistical estimates of consistency are calculated, and cartographic representations of indicators in the context of the subjects of the federation are given. The analysis showed that, in general, there is a territorial alignment of the organizations for postgraduate student training with the organizations in which a candidate’s thesis can be defended.

Система подготовки кадров высшей квалификации и научно-педагогическая деятельность в оценках французских аспирантов

Discussed are issues of postgraduate training system in France. The European system of doctoral training was always effective, had a great diversity of programs, wide opportunities for the graduates. It set trends for postgraduate training systems all over the world. France is the second economy of the European Union, producing almost a fifth of the European Union’s GDP. This country is among the leaders that allocate a large number of funds to finance the research sector. In 2018, France’s gross domestic spending on R&amp;D was 2.3%. In this regard, the social survey of French PhD students was conducted. They were asked to answer questions about the effectiveness of the French postgraduate training system as a whole and to assess the social and psychological side of the doctoral education process. We considered such aspects of the problem as the competitiveness of the French doctoral school in comparison with other countries, employment in the scientific and pedagogical area, the perception of the research fellow, and the obstacles that arise in the process of writing the thesis. The empirical basis of the study is a survey conducted in 2019–2020. The sample consisted of 149 people. It is noted that in general, future candidates of sciences tend to get into the research environment to continue working as full-fledged researchers. The analysis also showed that despite the good funding, there are certain problems in the field of science that concern the current generation of PhD students.

Exploration of Academic Postgraduate Medical Training System in the Context of "Internet plus"

Higher education in China has entered a new era of global quality improvement and innovation. The cultivation of innovative talents is crucial for the development of our higher education. Within the framework of "Internet plus", the culture of university medical graduates must deeply integrate information technology. In the present study, an "Internet plus" academic medical postgraduate training system was discussed. This system includes the establishment of the curriculum system, innovation capability training system and quality evaluation system. By making full use of modern informatics technology, the “Internet plus” system improved the the innovation capability and quality of postgraduates significantly.

Отношение аспирантов к аспирантуре и научно-преподавательской деятельности

Analyzed is the problem, connected with the fact, that scientific community has long been concerned about effectiveness of the system of postgraduate education. It has changed a lot in recent years. Today’s PhD graduates do not have enough classical training; they need to acquire a broader set of skills required for their future research activity beyond the academy. In this regard, PhD graduates have not considered their employment in the scientific field as a whole since the 2000s. Thus some areas of training programs have been massed, which has led to the depreciation of the academic degree. Since 2014, the Russian postgraduate training system has been functioning as the third level of higher education being the integration of educational and research components. Changes have led to the fact that doctoral programs have become more pedagogically oriented, preparing the future candidate of Sciences to work in higher and secondary education. At the moment, the graduation level is approximately 12% of the total number of graduate doctorate students. The percentage of doctoral graduates’ completion has continued to decline steadily since 2014. The article deals with the postgraduates` attitudes towards postgraduate education and scientific and teaching activity.

Upgrading pharmacy education to produce practice-ready pharmacists in Lebanon

Background: Pharmacy is a steadily evolving profession that brings about changes in practice, where the pharmacist should fulfil novel expanded roles. As such, pharmacy education has to adapt to these local and international changes and follow scientific progress to graduate practice-ready pharmacists. The authors’ objective is to suggest a roadmap with practical solutions to scale-up pharmacy education in Lebanon and produce practice-ready pharmacists with specialised competencies while curbing the number of non-specialised graduates. Methods: To reach this objective, the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL) has considered adopting the post-graduate training system to meet the needs of the country, based on scientific and social development. Results: The Board of the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon agreed on the concept of the post-graduate training system for all pharmacists registering with the OPL. Consequently, the scientific committee at the OPL, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, developed post-graduate competencies and related activities in two parts (general core competencies and advanced specific competencies), to be applied by academia and pharmaceutical institutions. This project would raise the level of the profession, improve readiness to practice in different fields, and indirectly reduce the number of non- specialised pharmacy graduates. Conclusion: This paper suggests a road map with practical solutions, including core and specialised competencies acquired in post-graduate training and assessed through a licensure examination, to scale-up pharmacy education in Lebanon and produce practice-ready pharmacists. Further work is necessary to explore the applicability of these documents and confirm their validity in different fields of practice.

Розвиток потенціалу вищої освіти у територіальному розрізі як інструменту підвищення конкурентоспроможності регіону

The paper is devoted to the development of the potential of higher education in the territorial context as a tool for increasing the competitiveness of the region, in particularly the problems and prospects of the Kirovohrad region. In the paper the presence of a strong relationship between the number of students and gross regional product per capita is established. The analysis of changes of quantity the available population in Ukraine and Kirovohrad region in particular is carried out. It is established that the studied region is characterized by the migration reduction during 2015-2019 years. The movement of entrants from the Kirovohrad region is analyzed by the author, the main recipient-regions are identified. The dynamics of the average monthly wages of full-time employees in Ukraine and the Kirovohrad region in 2010-2019 years are analyzed and the share of large, medium, small and micro-enterprises in the selected regions in relation to the total number in Ukraine in 2010-2018 are analyzed. It was determined that the most negative factors which affect on the development of the potential of higher education in the regions are: demographic crisis, migration decline, low average monthly wages and low business activity in the region. It was revealed that the most effective tool for eliminating the negative tendencies in the development of the potential of higher education is the creation and support the development of innovative-oriented cluster structures, the purpose of which is to ensure the effective interaction of authorities, universities, business and society for the synergistic effect in the socio-economic development of the Kirovohrad region. In addition, creation the jobs positions with high added value; support the innovation infrastructure; support small and medium business; creation the attractive infrastructure for youth; encourage business to the scientific cooperation; promotion higher education and jobs positions in the Kirovohrad region; creation the effective system of postgraduate education and training; involvement the representatives of higher education institutions in the process of branding the region; initiation a regional educational exhibition "Kirovohrad Educational" are suggested by the author.