Postgraduate Entrance Examination Research Articles

Chinese English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language learners’ directed motivational currents for high‐stakes English exam preparation

AbstractA directed motivational current (DMC) is an intense motivational drive that sustains long‐term behavior toward a valued goal. The quantitative study investigated the DMCs of English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language learners and their predictive role on learning performance in a high‐stakes English exam preparation context. The DMC dimension scale was distributed to Chinese English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language learners who experienced the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, and data from 323 participants were retained for analysis. Independent T‐tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and regression analyses were performed to report findings on DMC levels, and influencing factors and impacts of DMCs. Results suggest a high DMC level during exam preparation, with female learners showing more goal‐oriented salient facilitative structure, and clear perception of progress than males, while high‐proficiency learners demonstrated greater participant ownership and “perceived behavioral control” than medium‐ and low‐proficiency learners. No differences were found between learners majoring in humanities/social sciences and those studying science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. The five DMC dimensions collectively predicted English performance. Following self‐determination theory, the predictive role is explained. Theoretically, DMC components and their impacts on academic outcomes were reconfirmed in the Chinese English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language context; practically, educators and students are advised to use the DMC framework to enhance English performance in high‐stakes exam preparation.

A U-shaped relationship between chronic academic stress and the dynamics of reward processing

Despite the potential link between stress-induced reward dysfunctions and the development of mental problems, limited human research has investigated the specific impacts of chronic stress on the dynamics of reward processing. Here we aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic academic stress and the dynamics of reward processing (i.e., reward anticipation and reward consumption) using event-related potential (ERP) technology. Ninety healthy undergraduates who were preparing for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) participated in the study and completed a two-door reward task, their chronic stress levels were assessed via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The results showed that a lower magnitude of reward elicited more negative amplitudes of cue-N2 during the anticipatory phase, and reward omission elicited more negative amplitudes of FRN compared to reward delivery especially in high reward conditions during the consummatory phase. More importantly, the PSS score exhibited a U-shaped relationship with cue-N2 amplitudes regardless of reward magnitude during the anticipatory phase; and FRN amplitudes toward reward omission in high reward condition during the consummatory phase. These findings suggest that individuals exposed to either low or high levels of chronic stress, as opposed to moderate stress levels, exhibited a heightened reward anticipation, and an augmented violation of expectations or affective response when faced with relatively more negative outcomes.

Internship and postgraduate entrance examination: A qualitative study on the psychological experience of undergraduate nursing students under dual pressure in China

BackgroundWith the development of nursing positions and nursing disciplines in China's tertiary hospitals, the number of people applying for the master's degree in nursing is also increasing year by year. Postgraduate examinations are held during internship, so nursing students face the dual pressure of testing and internship, which brings varying degrees of negative experiences and emotional fluctuations. ObjectiveTo explore the psychological experiences and influencing factors of undergraduate nursing students under the dual pressures of clinical nursing internships and postgraduate examination preparations. DesignDescriptive qualitative study. MethodPurposeful sampling was used to recruit 18 participants from eight tertiary hospitals in China between October and December 2023. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, with interview recordings transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then applied to the data. ResultsFour themes were identified: negative experiences under dual pressures, coping mechanisms for negative experiences, motivational effects under dual pressures, and evaluations of significant individuals. Nursing students improved their overall abilities through internships and exam preparations, gaining a clear understanding of themselves and certain hospital roles. However, at this stage, students also experienced adverse psychological experiences for various reasons. Thus, they employed several methods to alleviate their psychological stress, aiming for a better state to face internships and exam preparations. ConclusionSchools and hospitals should pay more attention to the needs of nursing students under dual pressures, monitoring their emotional states, and providing psychological support to enhance their stress-coping abilities. It is important to ensure the overall well-being of students while strengthening the motivational effects of internships and learning experiences.

The Continuation of Reproduction in Higher Education - Exploring the Impact of Social Class on the Aspiration of Students Taking Postgraduate Entrance Examination in China

Along with the expansion of higher education in China, on the one hand, academic qualifications are depreciating at an alarming rate, and on the other hand, the competition for employment is becoming more and more competitive, thus, the graduate school fever has become an emerging social phenomenon in China. In order to understand the mechanism of reproduction of this new-emergent phenomenon, this study try to focus on the aspiration of students who would take part in the postgraduate entrance examination in 2023 with different family background. With Bourdieus toolkit (habitus, capital, doxa, etc.), the aspiration can be set in the individuas lifeworld, but also help us to bring macro structure in discussion. In the study, the influence of institution, family, peer group will be discussed. The study concludes that Postgraduate Entrance Examination is similar to the college entrance examination in that it serves the function of social reproduction in society.

Research on the Construction of a Higher Education Knowledge Management Model Based on the Integration of Shadow Teams

With the advancement of technology and the development of globalization, higher education institutions are facing increasingly complex knowledge management challenges. Shadow team usually refers to an informal and flexible team, where different departments or fields work together to promote knowledge exchange and integration, and stimulate innovative thinking. In order to enhance the knowledge management capabilities and competitiveness of higher education knowledge management institutions, this study will integrate shadow teams, construct a knowledge management model for higher education training enterprises, and use Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to construct an evaluation model for knowledge management capabilities of higher education training enterprises. The research results indicate that compared with traditional knowledge management models, the knowledge management model of higher education training enterprises integrating shadow teams collects 253 and 164 pieces of intelligence information at the 60th second, respectively; When the intelligence information is 300 pieces, the effectiveness of the analysis of the two models is 87.2\% and 39.5\%, respectively. An empirical analysis was conducted on a certain postgraduate entrance examination institution, and it was found that compared to students who reviewed independently, most of the students who participated in the training had significantly higher grades than those who did not receive training. The higher education knowledge management model that integrates shadow teams has stronger knowledge management capabilities and higher competitiveness.

Examining The Impacts of Family, Personal, And School Factors on Undergraduate Graduates' Decisions to Continue Their Education or Job Hunting

With the continuous transformation and development of society, the future choice of undergraduate graduates has become a heated issue in society. Since 2017, the number of applicants for the national postgraduate entrance examination has arised. At the same time, the CIER (Employment boom in the Chinese market) index of national college graduates is showing a decreasing trend. This article is based on the "2009 Capital University Student Growth Tracking Survey" and uses logistic regression to analyze the objective effects of school, family, and personal factors on whether undergraduate graduates choose to pursue higher education or employment.Finally, this study found that factors such as learning atmosphere, teacher teaching ability, and family economic status significantly affect college students' graduation choices.Through thorough research and analysis, this article seeks to analyze the elements that affect graduates' decisions regarding their future courses of study and employment. It also offers pertinent advice and recommendations for educational institutions, families, and particular students.

Research of Competitive Pressure on Undergraduates' Intention to Study Abroad in Chinese Non-elite Universities

With the development of the Chinese economy, it is difficult to find an ideal job after graduating from undergraduate studies, and more and more students are choosing to take the postgraduate entrance examination. Due to the limited academic resources of non-elite universities, many students encounter relatively more difficulties during the postgraduate entrance examination process. China is the world's largest exporter of international students, and hundreds of thousands of Chinese students choose to study abroad every year. At the same time, there are also fierce marketing challenges for study abroad agents and overseas universities serving Chinese students. In the context of the increasing competitive pressure of Chinese college students, this study conducted an empirical study on the intention of students from non-well-known universities in China. A total of 345 questionnaires were collected in 17 non-elite universities in 4 Chinese provinces, and the results showed that social influence, innovativeness, perceived risk and competitive pressure have significant effects on studying abroad intention. Innovativeness positively moderates the relationship between competitive pressure and students’ studying abroad intention. The results of the study not only provide practical advice for university students to study abroad, but also detailed marketing recommendations for study abroad agents and overseas universities.

Factors that influence the intent to pursue a master's degree: evidence from Shandong Province, China.

In recent years, the pursuit of a master's degree has become a social phenomenon of wide concern. It is essential to understand why large number of students choose to pursue master's degree. This study aims to empirically analyze the factors that influence the intent to pursue a master's degree. Based on the extended theory of planned behavior, this study conducts a questionnaire survey of university students in Shandong Province, which has had the highest number of people taking the postgraduate entrance examination in China for several years. A total of 440 questionnaires were finally collected, including 417 valid questionnaires. And then ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to analyze the factors that influence the intent to pursue a master's degree. In general, the intent to pursue a master's degree is positively influenced by attitude (β = 0.161, p < 0.01) and subjective norms (β = 0.208, p < 0.01), and negatively influenced by risk perception (β = -0.084, p < 0.05). Compared with male students, female students' intent is more likely to be influenced by risk perception (β = -0.144, p < 0.05) and social factors (β = 0.140, p < 0.05). The intent of upperclass students tends to be positively influenced by perceived behavioral control (β = 0.125, p < 0.05), whereas the negative impact of risk perception (β = -0.219, p < 0.05) on the intent is significant for underclass students. The intent of students in rural areas are more sensitive to risk perception (β = -0.194, p < 0.01) than those of students in cities. In private universities, social factors (β = 0.445, p < 0.05) significantly affect the intent to pursue a master's degree. In ordinary public universities, the intent of students is more likely to be influenced by risk perception (β = -0.082, p < 0.05). The study is helpful to strengthen the understanding of the influencing factors of the intent to pursue a master's degree. In general, the intent to pursue a master's degree is mainly influenced by attitude, subjective norms and risk perception. Moreover, the influencing factors vary among different groups (e.g., female vs. male, rural areas vs. cities). Furthermore, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, risk perception, and social factors have greater impacts on the intent of students from low-income households than those from high-income households. This study can provide policy implications for universities to take targeted educational measures to encourage students to make a choice that suits their own development after graduation.

No College Students Left Behind: Writing Module Incorporating Critical Thinking Skills for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination in China

In recent years, Chinese universities and scholars have recognised the significance of critical thinking. Despite this growing awareness, integrating critical thinking skills into the curriculum remains a challenge in China. To gain entry to postgraduate programmes, students majoring in management in the country are required to take a National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) that emphasises logical knowledge related to critical thinking and writing. Hence, this study aims to develop a writing module that incorporates critical thinking skills for college students in China. To achieve this, a mixed methods approach was employed. Firstly, a prototype writing module was created using the Analyse, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate (ADDIE) Model and verified by content experts for content validity. Subsequently, the module was implemented in a traditional classroom setting. For the pilot study, a pilot sample of 50 students was randomly chosen from a training centre in China that assists college students to prepare for the examination. For the next stage, 100 students were selected as the study sample. After implementing the writing module, both quantitative and qualitative analysis were conducted. The results indicated a significant improvement in participants' scores in the pre-test and post-test, demonstrating the effectiveness of the writing module in fostering critical thinking skills. The writing module developed by the researchers will have a profound effect on Chinese teachers' teaching in the future. It will provide them with clear instructional materials to cultivate Chinese students' critical thinking abilities, ensuring that no college students will be left behind.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 27 October 2023 / Accepted: 22 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

Psychological Burden of Doctors Aspiring for Postgraduate Training in India

Abstract Background: Doctors were under a tremendous amount of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The uncertainty regarding the future is compounded by lack of clarity about the postgraduate (PG) entrance examination. We assessed aspirants of PG National Eligibility cum Entrance Test postgraduate (NEET PG) for psychological burden in domains of depression, anxiety, stress COVID-19-related stress, and attitudes toward situation affecting doctors and explored the association between psychological burden and other variables. Methodology: Google form was used to collect data from aspirants who appeared for NEET PG 2021. The variables included age, gender, career status, marital status, number of attempts, and medical environment-related stress. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and COVID-19 Student Stress Scale Questionnaire (CSSQ) scales were used to measure psychological burden. Analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Of 289 participants, two-thirds had very severe depression and anxiety while two-fifths had very severe stress. Most of them were distressed by NEET examination, the postponed Supreme Court verdict, mental health of PG aspirants, and violence against health-care workers. There is low satisfaction with having chosen the medical profession. The distress from the above medical environment was associated with depression and anxiety. Gender and COVID-19-related stress were associated with severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Multivariate logistic regression showed female gender and CSSQ score were associated with the risk of severe stress and happiness with medical profession was protective. Conclusion: PG aspirants are undergoing severe psychological burden. Prompt action should be taken to address this crisis.

Teaching innovation and practice of communication principles in the context of the 5G era

As a cutting-edge technology in the field of communication, 5G technology poses new challenges and opportunities to the teaching of communication principles courses. "Communication Principles", as the core course of these majors, must be constantly updated to adapt to the development of new communication technologies. This article takes the "Principles of Communication" course as an example, combines the characteristics of 5G technology and education, discusses the characteristics of the course and the current teaching situation, and proposes a series of teaching reform measures. These measures include structural adjustments to theoretical course content, using Matlab virtual simulation technology to strengthen experimental teaching, combining postgraduate entrance examination professional knowledge explanations, introducing after-school 5G practical training and professional certificate assessment, etc. Practice has proven that these teaching reforms can effectively improve the integration of theory and practice, enhance students' ability to analyze and solve problems, and better meet the training needs of applied talents.

Cross-regional Participation in National Graduate Admission Examination:The Historical Implications of Shuntian and Shanxi Provincial Examination in the Late Qing Dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty, Renyin and Guimao rural examinations were the last two rural examinations in the history of Chinese imperial examinations. However, under the intrusion of domestic troubles and foreign invaders, the Qing Court had to adopt a compromise method in order to continue the tradition of selecting scholars through the imperial examinations and pick out and promote talents. The imperial examinations were held in Shuntian County in Henan Province and in Shanxi Province in Shaanxi Province, which led to the rare phenomenon of borrowing Wei in the imperial examinations of thousands of years. When the implementation process of the two provinces of the provincial exams borrowed exams are compared, it is found that there are many differences between the two provinces in terms of the time priority, the complexity of admission and delivery, the dispatch of officials and the content of the examination. However, from the perspective of the examination concepts such as the objectives and principles of the borrowed exams, the two provinces have obvious common features, including paying attention to the simplicity of the township examination organization, respecting the independence of provincial township examination, and adhering to the fairness of the imperial examination. From the perspective of the past, the practice experience in the late Qing Dynasty is similar to that in the present. It has important historical revelation for improving the management level and ability of the modernization of the postgraduate entrance examination. Firstly, we should strengthen the construction of the national system of the postgraduate entrance examination in different places, secondly, we should attach importance to the construction of standardized examination centers in different provinces and regions, and thirdly, we should improve the coordination mechanism of the resources of the postgraduate entrance examination in different places.

The Narrative Study of Guidance for Postgraduate Entrance Exams for Master's Students

To improve the tutoring work for the college postgraduate entrance examination, a narrative study was conducted on Zhang San (pseudonym), an undergraduate student majoring in chemistry education in the 2022 cohort of a certain university. Through the discussion and analysis of the postgraduate entrance examination environment, the handling of interpersonal relationships, and the personal significance of the examination, it is concluded that specialized tutoring for college students is a comprehensive consideration of the impact of the learning environment, dedicated to serving students, helping them resolve conflicts, overcome crises, establish and improve interpersonal relationships, and so on.

Mixed inference machine reading comprehension method based on symbolic logic

With the rapid development of machine learning, challenging question and answer datasets have also emerged, and the machine reading comprehension technology has emerged. Traditional machine reading comprehension methods mostly focus on the understanding word level semantics, with the weak ability to extract logical relationships from text, resulting in the lower ability of logical reasoning. In order to strengthen the ability of machine reading comprehension method to extract the logical relationship of text and the ability of logical reasoning, a neural symbol model based on logical reasoning was proposed, and the logical expressions captured by the neural symbol model were converted into text input and trained in a mixed reasoning reading comprehension model based on symbolic logic. The mixed reasoning reading comprehension model based on symbolic logic is different from the traditional machine reading comprehension model. It uses symbolic definition and logical capture to extract logical symbols and generate logical expressions. The research results show that the accuracy and F-measure values of the neural symbol model based on the logical reasoning are 70.08% and 70.05%, respectively, when the training set sample size is 4000. The accuracy of the mixed reasoning reading comprehension model based on symbolic logic in the logical reasoning data set of the standard postgraduate entrance examination is 88.31%, which is higher than the 58.74% of the language perception map network model. The accuracy rate in the four-choice and one-choice question-and-answer data set is 40.92%, which is 1.58% higher than that of the language awareness graph network model. In summary, the neural symbol model and hybrid inference reading comprehension model proposed in the study have superior performance, which can capture the logical relationship of text in data sets well, improve the model feature abstraction and reasoning ability, effectively shorten the training time and improve the model efficiency.

Analysis on the Phenomenon of "A Difficult to Find" in the Study Room for Postgraduate Entrance Examination

With the continuous expansion of undergraduate colleges and universities in recent years, the number of undergraduates is increasing, and the number of graduates is also increasing. The employment problem of college students is highly concerned by the society. Most college students find it difficult to get an ideal offer after graduation. So a new way, "postgraduate examination", "examination public", "examination compilation" and other words began to enter people's attention. In recent years, the number of college students taking the entrance exam has increased dramatically, with the number of applicants exceeding 4.74 million in 2022 and expected to reach 4.91 million in 2024. With the improvement of education level and teaching facilities, students' understanding of academics has also been further developed. Although most students choose to take the postgraduate entrance exam due to employment problems, there are still some students who take the entrance exam for academic research. Therefore, with the prevalence of "research craze", the state also began to adopt the policy of expanding the enrollment of graduate students. In addition, most colleges and universities have opened up special classrooms or self-study rooms for their own candidates, and the surge in the number of students has also led to the "one difficult to find" self-study rooms. Therefore, this paper will start from the analysis of the phenomenon of the entrance examination craze, the analysis of the main motivation of students and the impact of the entrance examination craze. The phenomenon of research craze brings deep thought to individuals and society.

基于大连高校学生的问卷数据分析“考研与就业”关系的原因探究

基于大连高校学生的问卷数据分析“考研与就业”关系的原因探究

基于二元逻辑回归的考研动机影响因素分析

基于二元逻辑回归的考研动机影响因素分析

Mental health status of medical students during postgraduate entrance examination

BackgroundThe postgraduate entrance examination can be a milestone for many medical students to advance their careers. An increasing number of students are competing for limited postgraduate offers available, and failure to enter postgraduate studies can have adverse mental health consequences. In this paper, we aim to investigate the mental health status of medical students during the postgraduate application entrance examination and to provide a targeted basis for mental health education and psychological counselling.MethodsUsing the Symptom Checklist-90 scale (SCL-90) questionnaire, the mental health status of 613 students who passed two rounds of the Postgraduate Entrance Examination in 2019 to enroll in Guangzhou Medical University in China was evaluated and followed up for retesting 6 months later. We used SPSS 20.0 statistical software for comparative analysis, including One-Sample T-Test, Independent-Samples T-Test, Paired Samples T-Test and Chi-square Test.ResultsOur data showed that 12.10% of students had mental health problems during the postgraduate entrance examination, and it decreased significantly to 4.40% at the 6-month follow-up after the examination period finished (P < 0.01). Somatization was the most significant symptom of the students both during and after the postgraduate entrance examination stages. All SCL-90 factors were scored significantly lower both in and after the postgraduate entrance examination stages than the 2008 national college student norm score (P < 0.01). Excluding psychiatric factors, all other SCL-90 factors in the postgraduate entrance examination stage scored higher than the graduate stage (P < 0.05), and the total score of SCL-90 in female medical students was higher compared to male students (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe postgraduate entrance examination event has a significant negative influence on students’ mental health. The mental health of college and graduate students as an important part of their higher education experience should be systematically studied, and psychological counselling or help should be provided to them throughout their studies, specifically during the examination period. Educating applicants about mental health should be implemented during the postgraduate entrance examination curriculum.

Relationship between Job Burnout, Depressive Symptoms, and Career Choice Regret among Chinese Postgraduates of Stomatology.

A qualified Chinese dental postgraduate requires at least eight years of training. The huge academic burden, strict clinical requirements, and high workload increases the risk of job burnout, depression symptoms, and career choice regret of dental postgraduates, which may cause one to waver in their choice of a career as a doctor. Therefore, we aimed at assessing the relationship between job burnout, depressive symptoms, and career choice regret among Chinese dental postgraduates. The Chongqing Stomatological Association conducted an online cross-sectional study among 558 dental postgraduates in China, with an average age of 22.54 ± 2.44. Demographic information, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the 2-item Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders scale, and career choice regret scale were included in the questionnaire. About 41.0% of dental postgraduates experienced job burnout, 44.1% had depressive symptoms, and 41.6% reported career choice regret. Logistic regression analysis indicated the risk factors for job burnout were time worked/studied per week, depressive symptoms, and career choice regret. Job burnout and career choice regret was significantly related to depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Risk factors for career choice regret were gender, postgraduate entrance examination score, daily hours of sleep, job burnout, and depressive symptoms. Such results suggest that job burnout, depressive symptoms, and career choice regrets are prevalent among dental postgraduates. Accurate measures should be taken to change this situation.

Research on Ideological and Political Path Innovation and Application Practice of English Major Courses in Chinese Universities

In view of the current situation that the ideological and political effects of Chinese college courses are not very satisfactory and the anti-China waves in the West are constantly trying to provoke the color revolution, this study carried out an education experiment on the achievements of China’s reform and opening up for one semester among 232 college students of ZW University in China. The experiment found that nearly 90% of the 117 students in the experimental group who participated in the activity of “picture/video translation comparison+C2C international communication” accepted and affirmed the education model, and have significantly improved their patriotic consciousness, life belief, career ideal, plans for the postgraduate entrance examination, and enthusiasm for learning, and has greatly improved their English application ability, spread Chinese stories, and made friends with foreign netizens. However, 115 students in the control group who did not participate in the activity to maintain their original learning and living conditions had no significant changes in the above test indicators. At the same time, the final exam scores of the three English major courses in the experimental group were 16.69% higher than those in the control group.