To analyze posterior pole retinal thickness using the new Spectralis HRA + OCT protocol and compare two commercially available spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instruments (Spectralis HRA + OCT and Cirrus HD-OCT) in young healthy eyes. Retinal thickness in 178 young healthy eyes was measured using the volume scan mode and Posterior Pole Asymmetry Analysis of the Spectralis HRA + OCT and the macular cube 512 × 128 protocol of the Cirrus HD-OCT. Topologic differences in posterior pole retinal thickness between the two spectral-domain optical coherence tomographies were compared, and the relationship between retinal thickness and age or refractive error/axial length was assessed. Mean retinal thickness measurements in all 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report areas were significantly greater with the Spectralis HRA + OCT than with the Cirrus HD-OCT (P < 0.001). Retinal thickness measured with the new Spectralis HRA + OCT protocol positively correlated with refractive error (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with axial length (P < 0.05), mainly in the temporal areas. As axial length increased and refractive error decreased, retinal thickness decreased significantly at the outer temporal areas compared with the nasal areas (P < 0.05). Foveal thickness measured with the Spectralis HRA + OCT correlated significantly with refractive error (r = -0.151; P = 0.022) and axial length (r = 0.352; P < 0.001). Posterior pole retinal thickness measurements in young healthy eyes should provide more detailed standard values for diagnosing and managing retinal disease.