Posterior Language Areas Research Articles

Individual variability in cortical localization of language

Individual variability in the localization of language, as measured by object-naming, was assessed for left lateral peri-Sylvian cortex with a multi-sample technique of stimulation mapping at a constant current. This study was performed during craniotomy under local anesthesia in 10 patients with medically intractable epilepsy and the usual pattern of left brain dominance for language. A high degree of variability in the exact location of naming was present. Only one area, a small portion of the third frontal convolution immediately in front of the motor strip, showed naming changes in all patients in whom it was sampled. This area is considerably smaller than the classical Broca's area. Elsewhere in language cortex, including all parts of the posterior language area, there was considerable individual variability. Because of this, the classical model of language localization is an inaccurate basis for establishing the risk of aphasia in surgical therapy of dominant hemisphere peri-Sylvian lesions in this and related patient populations. Rather, that risk should be assessed from the individual localization of language, established by the multisample technique of stimulation mapping.

Organization of short-term verbal memory in language areas of human cortex: Evidence from electrical stimulation

Short-term verbal memory (STVM) performance was measured during electrical stimulation of human left frontal-parietal-temporal cortex, at craniotomy under local anesthesia for the treatment of medically intractable epilepsy. The areas of cortex where stimulation alters language, as measured by object naming, are separate but adjacent to the areas where stimulation alters STVM. There are differential effects of stimulation during input, storage, and output phases of STVM at different cortical sites. These suggest that cortex adjacent to the posterior language area is a site of storage of STVM, while cortex adjacent to anterior language area is involved in retrieval from STVM.