Postdoctoral Research Articles

Interview with Journal of Cell Science Editor Rob Parton

ABSTRACT Rob Parton is a Group Leader and Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow in the Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Deputy Director of the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. He completed his doctorate at the University of Leicester in the UK. After using electron microscopy (EM) during his PhD to study trafficking of tetanus toxin in neurons, he was inspired to continue using advanced microscopy approaches to further our understanding of the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking. After several years fostering international collaborations as a postdoctoral fellow and junior Group Leader at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, his lab moved to the University of Queensland in 1996. In 2023, he was elected an Associate Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). Rob joined Journal of Cell Science as an Editor in March 2024 and brings to the journal his expertise in multiscale analysis of membrane function, membrane microdomains, lipid droplets and advanced microscopy techniques in cell biology. We spoke to Rob over Zoom to hear more about his career journey, the evolution of the membrane trafficking field and his advice for running a highly collaborative lab.

‘What seems to be missing is actual reality’ Why don’t postdocs engage with career-focused professional development?

Background The relationship dynamics between postdoctoral researchers and their managers – typically Principal Investigators (PIs) - can directly and indirectly impact the professional development activities that postdocs participate in. Although career and development (C&D) conversations can be a platform through which both parties communicate about the postdoc’s development needs and career aspirations, it is unclear how frequently postdocs are having these types of conversations. Evidence from across the UK indicates that this group receive little feedback on their performance. Methods To explore interventions that could empower postdocs to initiate C&D conversations, we conducted a pilot study at the University of Cambridge where current postdocs were offered workshops utilizing two widely available professional development tools. Both workshops included 360-degree feedback interventions, and we hypothesized that the feedback gathered through these tools could give postdocs both a launching pad for facilitating a conversation with their PI and address the aforementioned feedback shortfall. Results Although most of the participant sample reported already having C&D conversations, those who did not report as such demonstrated mixed feelings about whether facilitating these types of discussions is even part of the PI role. Insights from participants’ engagement with the 360-degree feedback tools also show that participants were mindful of time constraints when seeking feedback, indicating that the usefulness of such interventions may be inhibited by wider cultural issues in the sector. Conclusions Through the development of what we call ‘the researcher development framework, this study highlights the shortcomings of using professional development interventions to address cultural issues.

ECR Spotlight – Mathilde Martin

ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from a selection of papers published in Journal of Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity of early-career researchers (ECRs) working in experimental biology but also the huge variety of animals and physiological systems that are essential for the ‘comparative’ approach. Mathilde Martin is an author on ‘ Use of acoustic signals in Cape fur seal mother–pup reunions: individual signature, signal propagation and pup home range’, published in JEB. Mathilde conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in Dr Isabelle Charrier's lab at the Institute of Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), CNRS & Paris-Saclay University, France. She is now a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of Prof. Marta Manser at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, investigating acoustic communication to decipher how vocal signals modulate social interactions in group-living mammals, in relation to the species' ecological constraints.

Professional opportunities, gender obstacles, and narrowed progression: The case of the first Social Science Research Council female fellows (1925-1934).

Between the years 1925 and 1934, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) awarded 198 postdoctoral research fellowships to early-career social scientists, among which 29 were awarded to women. This article, which is based on the SSRC directory and Rockefeller institutions' records, examines the professional paths of these female fellows to shed light on the presence of women in the social sciences and to probe the peculiarities of their professional trajectories. The SSRC fellowships represented a significant professional prospect for brilliant young female graduates who were often denied similar opportunities in other fields. Nonetheless, they did not eradicate all gender discrimination that remained prevalent, not only in the vertical sense by preventing women from progressing in the academic hierarchy, but also in the horizontal sense by retaining them in designated spaces (specific disciplines or institutions) that were underrecognized. Ultimately, the analysis of women's professional paths underscores the importance of examining the private or intimate lives of scientists to gain a more in-depth understanding of the social structure of science and its impact on its protagonists.

Is it the people or the place? The remarkable 30-year period of integrative physiology research in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder.

Historically, programs of physical education and sport were housed in gymnasium buildings on academic campuses. As physical education evolved to the more scientifically focused successor departments of exercise science and kinesiology, faculty specialization developed in the physiology of exercise. With time, some faculty broadened their research to study the integrative physiology of other biological states and stressors. Through this series of events, a small group of integrative physiologists was formed in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder during the 1990s with the goal of conducting novel biomedical research. The challenges were daunting: no contemporary core laboratory facilities, lack of temperature control, piercing external noise, pests, regular flooding, electrical power outages, and lack of funds for renovation. Despite these obstacles, the group established an innovative program of translational physiological research ranging from high-throughput molecular analyses to cell models to rodent studies to clinical trials in humans. These investigators supported their work with grant awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), American Heart Association, and private research foundations totaling ∼$80 M in direct costs from the late 1980s to 2020. Collectively, the faculty and their laboratory personnel published ∼950 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Over that period, 379 undergraduate students, 340 graduate students, 84 postdoctoral fellows, and dozens of junior research faculty received scientific training in Carlson, supported by >$21 M in extramural funding. What was accomplished by this handful of integrative physiologists speaks to the importance of the qualities of the investigators rather than their research facilities in determining scientific success.

A Novel Nutritional Therapy Through Lysophosphatidyl Choline DHA on Arsenic Exposed Dams and Pups, Postdoctoral Research Associate

A Novel Nutritional Therapy Through Lysophosphatidyl Choline DHA on Arsenic Exposed Dams and Pups, Postdoctoral Research Associate

Learning through creative practices in the Anthropocene: young climate activists in urban spaces

This paper explores the personal experiences of Sandra Kaire as a postdoctoral researcher who worked with Margaret Somerville in relation to methodological approaches. The ideas were initially developed in consultation when Sandra worked together with Margaret at Western Sydney University, Australia. The paper explores Sandra’s personal commitments and intimate engagement with young climate activists, and the development of visual, place-based and posthuman methodological approaches in relation to Sandra’s postdoctoral research with young climate activists in three European counties. It includes photographs of their activist environments, observations, and transcripts of in-depth interviews. The paper reveals the significance of climate activism experiences of young people to their educational concerns, and the relationships of the locations of their activism to experiences of becoming more than itself by adding new ways of thinking about human and more-than-human relation.

The interrelation of scientific, ethical, and translational challenges for precision medicine with multimodal biomarkers – A qualitative expert interview study in dermatology research

This qualitative study examines the impact of scientific, ethical, and translational challenges of precision medicine for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The study explores how these challenges affect biomarker research for inflammatory skin diseases as identified by stakeholders, including patient board representatives, pharmaceutical industry partners, and postdoctoral and senior researchers from multiple disciplines in biomarker research. We recruited participating experts both within and associated with the international Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis (BIOMAP) consortium to ensure representation of the different organizational units of the consortium. For the study, we followed the COREQ checklist. The interviews were conducted using GDPR-safe online platforms and the pseudonymized transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti. We analyzed the interviews from participants' personal experiences, topic-oriented, and group specific to identify the main themes presented in this article. The findings were presented to peers and to the wider BIOMAP audience, discussed, and a draft was circulated within the consortium for feedback. In this study, we identify and discuss the interrelation of challenges that are relevant to improving precision medicine with multimodal biomarkers. We show how scientific challenges can interrelate with ethical and translational issues, and explain these interdependencies and articulate epistemic and social factors of interdisciplinary collaboration. Based on our findings, we suggest that including patient representatives’ perspectives is crucial for highly interrelated and widely diverse research. The proposed integrative perspective is beneficial for all involved stakeholders. Effective communication of science requires reflection on the tension between scientific uncertainty and the goals of precision medicine. Furthermore, we show how changing the perception of the diseases, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis can benefit patients beyond medical practice.

Microbial Theatricality: <i>Selfmade</i>, Celebrity, and Scales of Hunger

In 2013, Christina Agapakis, a UCLA postdoctoral fellow in molecular biology, swabbed celebrities' armpits, belly buttons, and feet for microbial samples to make cheese. The “human-made” cheese resulted in the art exhibition Selfmade, a sensory installation inviting audience members to confront intimate and smelly relationships between humans and microbes, all through fermented edible matter. Artist Olafur Eliasson, food journalist Michael Pollan, and baker and writer Ruby Tandoh all offered their bodies as cultivators for cheese production. The prominent figures, and their companion bacteria, validate and complicate the relations that Selfmade claims to produce. At first glance, the installation invites a sensory entanglement with nonhuman matter. There is, of course, more than meets the eye. Hunger, eating, and even cooking are not exclusive to humans but perhaps intrinsic to planetary life. Human, celebrity, and microbial actors blur across the many mediums materialized in the food performance. As much as Selfmade is a nonhuman performance, it is also because of its very humanness, celebrity, and theatricality that we find an essential entanglement in food and performance studies: a nearly imperceptible (or non-sensible) proximity of human and nonhuman, at the microscopic scale.

A life in light - in honor of David Mauzerall on his 95th birthday.

David Mauzerall was born on July 22, 1929 to a working-class family in the small, inland textile town of Sanford, Maine. Those humble origins instilled a lifelong frugality and an innovative spirit. After earning his PhD degree in 1954 in physical organic chemistry with Frank Westheimer at the University of Chicago, he joined The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (now University) as a postdoctoral fellow that summer, rose to the rank of professor, and remained there for the rest of his career. His work over more than 60 years encompassed porphyrin biosynthesis, photoinduced electron-transfer reactions in diverse architectures (solutions, bilayer lipid membranes, reaction centers, chromatophores, and intact leaves), the light-saturation curve of photosynthesis, statistical treatments of photoreactions, and "all-things porphyrins." His research culminated in studies he poetically referred to as "listening to leaves" through the use of pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy to probe the course and thermodynamics of photosynthesis in its native state. His research group was always small; indeed, of 185 total publications, 39 were singly authored. In brief, David Mauzerall has blended a deep knowledge of distinct disciplines of physical organic chemistry, photochemistry, spectroscopy and biophysics with ingenious experimental methods, incisive mathematical analysis, pristine personal integrity, and unyielding love of science to deepen our understanding of photosynthesis in its broadest context. He thought creatively - and always independently. His work helped systematize the fields of photosynthesis and the origin of life and made them more quantitative. The present article highlights a number of salient scientific discoveries and includes comments from members of his family, friends, and collaborators (Gary Brudvig, Greg Edens, Paul Falkowski, Alzatta Fogg, G. Govindjee, Nancy Greenbaum, Marilyn Gunner, Harvey Hou, Denise and Michele Mauzerall, Thomas Moore, and William Parson) as part of a celebration of his 95th birthday.

Optimal Control Model of University-PhD-Postdoc-Industry (UPPI) Migration and Unemployment

This study explores the impact of the movement of PhD graduates and postdoctoral research fellows between academia and industry on unemployment within the academic and industry sectors. To achieve this, an optimal control model is analyzed which was developed for the population of the university, PhDs holders, postdocs, and industry compartments. The study discovered that, by offering incentives to PhD graduates and postdocs who choose to stay in academia rather than transition to industry, unemployment in the university sector can be reduced. Based on the findings, the authors advise for the governments to concentrate on offering these incentives to PhD holders and postdocs to persuade them to stay in academia. Policymakers can lower unemployment rates in both the academic and industrial sectors by putting in place measures that promote the retention of PhD holders and postdocs in academics and control their migration to the industry.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of low-sodium potassium-rich salt substitutes in Indonesia: an equity modelling study

Evidence suggests low-sodium potassium-rich salt substitutes (LSSS) are effective in reducing blood pressure (BP). However, the health and economic impacts of LSSS in Indonesia are currently unknown. We developed a proportional multistate lifetable Markov model to assess a government-led strategy implementing the use of LSSS compared to current regular salt consumption. BP data were derived from the Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey (RISKESDAS 2018), while epidemiological data were from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We estimated implementation costs and the impact of changes in BP on disease events and healthcare costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Outcomes were simulated over different time horizons for the 2019 Indonesian population overall, and by income quintiles. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was done to capture uncertainty. Over the first 10 years, LSSS could prevent 1.5 million non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (8.3%-19.4% reduction) and 643,000 incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases (8.2% reduction), while averting over 200,000 CVD and CKD deaths (0.2%-5.2% reduction). This translated to over 24.6 million health-adjusted life years (HALYs) gained over the lifetime of the population, and reduced CVD-related health inequalities (concentration index,-0.075, 95% CI:-0.088 to-0.062). Implementation cost (US$ 1.2 billion [IDR 17.2 trillion] total; US$ 4.5 [IDR 63,665] per capita, as of July 2019) was outweighed by the net health expenditure savings (∼US$ 2 billion [IDR 27.7 trillion] total; US$ 7.3 [IDR 103,300] per capita) in the first 10 years. LSSS were cost-saving over the lifetime, and very cost-effective even with a high LSSS price. Scaling the use of LSSS nationally could be a cost-saving strategy to prevent substantial cardiovascular and kidney disease burden in Indonesia. Griffith University Postdoctoral Fellowship.

The development and implementation of a Peer Mentoring Scheme for Sociology Early Career Academics (ECAs) in Ireland: lessons from research, insights from practice

ABSTRACT The paper discusses a structured peer mentoring scheme for Early Career Academics (ECAs) in Sociology during COVID-19 and post-Brexit, the pedagogical framework adopted and programme challenges, benefits and learning. Internationally, structured peer mentoring schemes for ECAs are sparse and discussions of ‘what works’ in the context of dedicated peer mentoring programmes for ECAs are limited. This programme, designed and executed by the Sociological Association of Ireland (SAI) and a professional mentoring trainer in 2022, involved 8 peer mentors, all of whom were senior and mid-career academics and 10 mentees comprising PhD students and postdoctoral researchers. It encompassed formative sessions for peer mentors and mentees and a final joint session, which took place online. Subsequently, peer mentors facilitated online peer mentoring sessions, with mentees supporting them to explore, plan and achieve their professional goals. The authors discuss the pedagogical content and active methodologies adopted in relation to reflective practice and knowledge-exchange, whilst illuminating that more investment in and research on structured peer mentoring programmes in Higher Education can lead to better outcomes for ECAs. We underline the potential of similar inter-professional mentoring schemes for ECAs and key learning, which could benefit future programmes.

Postdoctoral T32 training is correlated with obtaining an academic primarily research faculty position

Postdoctoral T32 training is correlated with obtaining an academic primarily research faculty position

Transitional experiences of Australian health science researchers: where is academic teaching preparedness?

Academic career development relies on a combination of teaching and research skills. In Australia, it is common for recent Doctor of Philosophy graduates to have a short-term post-doctoral research experience to build publication track-record and increase grant competitiveness, before securing a combined research and teaching or ‘academic’ role at a university. Other scientists work as full-time researchers for several years before transitioning to academic roles with expectations they can teach. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of health and biomedical science researchers transitioning into academic roles using a mixed methods design. Sixty-six participants working in health and biomedical sciences at over 20 Australian Universities who had been in an academic role for 5 years or less completed an online survey. Of 66 participants, 18 (27%) had never been in a research-only role before, while 48 (63%) had held a research-only role for up to 11 years before starting their current academic role. Findings showed most academics were not trained nor equipped to successfully undertake scholarly teaching. They reported a lack of awareness of teaching expectations, practical resources, and direct support provision at the start of their appointment. For former researchers specifically, these experiences led to low confidence and poor enjoyment in their academic role, with the potential to decrease overall teaching quality, student learning and student satisfaction. We postulate that these issues may be mitigated by the implementation of teaching-specific training programs catering for the research-only background of staff entering health and biomedical academic roles in the higher education workforce.

ECR Spotlight – Agnès Lewden

ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from a selection of papers published in Journal of Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity of early-career researchers (ECRs) working in experimental biology but also the huge variety of animals and physiological systems that are essential for the ‘comparative’ approach. Agnès Lewden is an author on ‘ Changes in body surface temperature reveal the thermal challenge associated with catastrophic moult in captive gentoo penguins’, published in JEB. Agnès is a post-doctoral fellow in the lab of Dr Aude Leynaert and Dr Antoine Stier at IUEM – LEMAR – Technopole Brest Iroise, France, investigating captive and wild populations of penguins to understand core and body surface temperature variations in the function of physiological state and environmental parameters.

The Institute of Applied Physics – leader in the field for 60 years

It describes the 60-year history of the Institute of Applied Physics of the State University of Moldova and its main milestones: formation of the basic laboratories and production sectors, pilot production, and launching the journal „Elektronnaya obrabotka materialov” (Electronic Processing of Materials), consolidation of the scientific potential, training of highly qualified personnel, organization of conferences, effective cooperation, participation in national and international projects, scientific schools, development of activity ensuring a closed cycle - from basic research to applied research, to widely used technologies and technical means, main aspects of optimizing the structure, updating the research theme, development of innovative activities. It is stressed that the Institute of Applied Physics, with its traditions, experience and aspirations, has been and remains open to those who wish to pursue their doctoral and postdoctoral studies or to collaborate with its well-coordinated team.

Mentoring as a Buffer for the Impact of Social Unrest due to Systemic Racism and Ambient Discrimination.

Mentoring may act as a buffer for the negative impacts of racial trauma. Building Up (conducted 2020-2024) is a cluster-randomized trial at 25 institutions of postdoctoral fellows and early-career faculty from underrepresented backgrounds. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify mentoring competencies associated with the impact of social unrest due to systemic racism. Eighty-two percent of participants (n=143) identified as female, 33% as non-Hispanic Black, and 36% as Hispanic. Mentoring that aligns expectations and mentoring that assesses understanding were significantly associated with social unrest due to systemic racism impacting ability to work (OR=2.84 and OR=0.52, respectively) and conduct research (OR=4.21 and OR=0.41, respectively). Future research should elucidate specific aspects of mentoring relationships that serve as a buffer during times of social unrest.

The culinary chemist: Out of the lab and into the tent

In this Stories piece, Josh Smalley, a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Leicester and finalist of The Great British Bake Off, discusses the parallels between chemistry and baking, revealing how he successfully combines the two.

CREATIVITY AND BIOINSPIRATION AS A BASIS FOR INNOVATION IN SURFACE DESIGN

Currently, the use of varied methods for Teaching Design and for projecting has gained breadth, and as a result, there are more and more methods and variations in methods for teaching design and for designing products and services on the market. The union of methods is also widely used as a basis for ideating design concepts, thus adding more access to innovation and emotion to objects. The objective of this review is to survey and at the same time make a connection about Creativity, Innovation, Bioinspiration and Surface Design. This review work is the first phase of a broad post-doctoral research on Bioinspiration and the creative phase of Product development.