Postdoctoral Degree Research Articles

Pós-doutorado e o cenário dos resultados na carreira docente: uma análise da área de psicologia

O artigo buscou investigar o pós-doutorado na área de Psicologia e responder as seguintes questões: O pós-doutorado influencia ou não na carreira docente no sentido dos seus outputs? O pós-doutorado na área da Psicologia produz efeitos tais como nas demais áreas? Com amostra constituída por 350 docentes da área e que integraram o quadro permanente da pós-graduação stricto sensu, foram analisados os seguintes aspectos: Trajetória de formação; tempo de carreira; realização ou não de pós-doutorado; nota do programa de pós-graduação; produção de artigos e participação em comitê editorial de periódicos estrato ‘A’. Principais resultados: Para os recém-doutores a realização de pós-doutorado não afeta a produção científica, mas influencia nas chances de participar de comitê editorial de um periódico internacional; e, os outputs do pós-doutorado no geral são mais expressivos para os doutores seniores para os quais o estágio pósdoutoral mostrou ser um fator diferenciador das suas médias de produção científica.

ДРУГОЙ ШУКШИН: ЗАМЕТКИ О СОВРЕМЕННОМ ШУКШИНОВЕДЕНИИ

The article is devoted to the review of monographs on the work of V.M. Shukshin, published over the past five years. Researchers of the creative heritage of the writer and film director managed to offer new prospects in the study of his works. In the monograph by D.V. Maryin, “The non-artistic work of V.M. Shukshin,” for the first time, letters, documentary autobiographies, draft notes, and social and political essays of the writer were systematically studied. The scientific significance of the research by Altai philologists “Semiotics of the artistic space of V.M. Shukshin” and “Geopoetics of V.M. Shukshin” consists in attempts to describe a holistic model of the writer’s artistic world. A book by I.V. Shestakova, “The artistic and visual principles of cinema by V.M. Shukshin,” is distinguished by a synthetic approach to Shukshin’s creativity. According to the author of this work, Shukshin’s film making is a single space for the interaction of literary, pictorial, and musical forms of arts. In addition to film critics, historians, philosophers and sociologists actively joined in the work on Shukshin’s works. The textbook by Prof. S.I. Grigoriev, (Post-Doctoral degree in Sociology) has run through several editions. S.V. Tsyb, Barnaul historian, had published his book entitled “V.M. Shukshin and historical time” by the 90th anniversary of Shukshin.

Sustainable Development and Motivation Opportunities from the Perspective of Women in the Polish Science Sector in the Light of Statistical Data and Surveys

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to evaluate and analyze the role, participation and work motivation of women and men in the science sector in Poland. Design/Approach/Methodology: Two research themes are presented during the research. The first one concerns determination of the share and role of women in the academic sector in Poland in 2008-2018 and it is a macro perspective. The second research theme includes motivation factors in research institutes in the light of the surveys’ results. Findings: According to the research results the place and role of women in obtaining higher degrees in academic career in Poland (post-doctoral degree and professor’s title) was still significantly lower than the place and role of men. Additionally, there were still some inequalities in using motivating factors between men and women. Practical Implications: Sustainable development will not be possible without gender equality and the recognition of women's work. It will also not be possible to achieve the full benefits of this development that serve present and future generations. Therefore, the elimination of diagnosed symptoms of discrimination may contribute to increasing the innovation of scientific research and, as a result, to improving the quality of life in modern world. Originality/Value: Research in this area has not yet been more widely conducted and described in the literature on the subject, therefore its results are a valuable source of information on gender equality in the Polish academic sector.

Profile of health professionals who completed a master's, doctoral, or post-doctoral degree in one Brazilian pediatric program

OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to determine the personal and professional characteristics, and the physical, psychiatric/psychological, and professional issues that exist among master's-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals.METHODS:A cross-sectional, online, self-reported survey of 452 postgraduates who completed master's, doctoral, or post-doctoral degrees in one graduate program in pediatrics in São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted.RESULTS:The response rate was 47% (211/453). The majority of participants were women (78%) and physicians (74%), and the median age was 47 years (28-71). Master's, doctoral, and post-doctoral degrees were reported by 73%, 53%, and 3%, respectively. High workload (>40 hours/week) occurred in 59%, and 45% earned ≥15 minimum wages/month. At least one participation in scientific meeting in the past year was reported by 91%, and 79% had published their research. Thirty-nine percent served as a member of a faculty of an institution of higher learning. The data were analyzed by two age groups: participants aged ≤48 years (group 1) and participants aged >48 years (group 2). The median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (1-10), p=0.0113]; workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 68%, p=0.034); and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 56%, p=0.0083) were significantly lower in group 1. Further analysis by gender revealed that the median rating of overall satisfaction with the profession in the past year [8 (0-10) vs. 9 (3-10), p=0.0015], workload >40 hours/week (53% vs. 83%, p=0.0002), and ≥15 minimum wages/month (37% vs. 74%, p=0.0001) were significantly lower in women compared with men. The median rating of overall satisfaction with the mentorship supervision provided was significantly higher among the women 10 (5-10) vs. 10 (2-10), p=0.0324].CONCLUSIONS:The majority of master's-, doctoral-, and post-doctoral-level health professionals were women and physicians, and had published their thesis. Younger postgraduates and women reported low salaries, less likelihood of working >40 hours/week, and less overall satisfaction with their profession. Further longitudinal and qualitative studies are warranted to assess career trajectories after graduation.

Andrew Obrzut - Eminent Polish Professor, First Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy (1896-1910) of the Medical Faculty of Lviv University

This paper presents an overview of the history of life, scientific and pedagogical activity, major achievements of a great Polish pathologist Andrew Obrzut. Andrew Obrzut was born in Poland, studied at the Medical Faculty of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (Poland) and received a diploma of the Doctor of Medicine. Andrew Obrzut was a student of the founder of the Czech Institute of Pathological Anatomy Yaroslav Hlava and in 1887 defended his dissertation for the post-doctorate scientific degree of medicine on the topic “About blood’s participation in the onset of the inflammatory process” in Prague. In 1891-1896 he was a professor in the Department of Pathological Anatomy at the at Charl’s University in Prague. Andrew Obrzut greatly influenced the development of Pathological Anatomy in Poland, Czechy and Ukraine. In 1896, he accepted the proposal of Yaroslav Hlava to organise a department of pathological anatomy at Lviv University. On 9th December 1896, the first lecture “On the Importance of Pathological Anatomy for Medical Education” was read to the students of the third year of study in the Faculty of Medicine of Lviv University, in the lecture hall, by the doctor of medicine, Professor Andrew Obrzut and this day is considered the date of foundation of the department. Andrew Obrzut - the organiser of the Museum of Human Diseases (1896-1910) of the Medical Faculty. The scientific achievements of A. Obrzut are summarised in unique publications published in German, Polish, French, and Czech language about new research on the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, caseous pneumonia, amyloid degeneration and others. However, the first of all his merits for the readership of Polish and Ukraine pathologists was his a two-volume textbook on Pathological Anatomy and Bacteriology. Andrew Obrzut remains an outstanding example of a very careful and precise pathologist.

POSTAĆ OLEKSY GORBACZA W UKRAIŃSKIM EMIGRACYJNYM DYSKURSIE LITERACKIM

Professor Oleхa Gorbach is a leading European Slavist and Ukrainian linguist who devoted his entire aca- demic life to philology and university studies. He left over 200 works and numerous students who became continuators of studies in the field of Ukrainian linguistics and - more broadly - Slavonic. He was born in Romaniv on 5 February 1918, where he graduated from a public school, graduated from high school in Lviv. In 1936–1940 he studied at the University of Lviv, German, Polish and Ukrainian philology under the supervision of such eminent scholars as: Wasyl Simonowich, Illarion Swiecicki, Wasyl Lew, Mykhailo Wozniak, Juliusz Kleiner, Jerzy Kury- łowicz, Witold Taszycki and others, which were the pillars of the Slavic philology in Lviv at that time. In 1945, the end of the war found Oleхa Gorbach in Germany, where from 1947 he continued his studies at the Free Ukrainian University in Munich, which at that time was already the new center of Ukrainian cultural and scientific life in the free world after Prague. There, in 1948, O. Gorbach defended his doctorate in “Akcent in Zyzanya’s “Lexis”” in 1596, and in 1951 he obtained the postdoctoral degree on the basis of Argot’s dissertation in Ukraine. Since then, Oleхa Gorbach has published many linguistic articles in scientific collections and works in separate books, in English, German, Polish and Ukrainian, which referred to problems related to Ukrainian language, its history and dialects. The bibliographic list contains over 200 serious scientific papers written by O. Gorbach. He lectured in several universities, namely in Göttingen (1952–1956) in Marburg (1956-1958) and Frankfurt (from 1958 until his retirement in 1982), where he headed the Department of Slavic Studies after receiving the title of full professor. At the same time, he was a full professor at the WUU in Munich (from 1951) and the Ukrainian Catholic University in Rome (1963). The merit of prof. Gorbach’s is among others that Ukrainian studies were introduced into the Slavic studies program in Germany. He educated a significant number of Slavists interested in Ukrainian problems in Germany. In addition, prof. Oleхa Gorbach has always taught Ukrainian at the Free Ukrainian University in Munich during his summer holidays and made many efforts to keep the level of this university below the level of German universities. Multifaceted research of the Ukrainian language prof. O. Gorbach, and above all those from the history of language and dialectology, have enriched our knowledge with new facts and theoretical conclusions. His achievements also include publications of works of fundamental importance for Ukrainian philology, which, however, were unavailable or simply forbidden in the USSR.

Trabalho no Século XXI: Flexibilidade e Redução de Direitos. Entrevista com Jacob Carlos Lima.

Jacob Carlos Lima é doutor em Sociologia pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), pós-doutorado no Department of Urban Studies and Development do Massachusetts Institute of Technology e professor titular no Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Tem experiência na área de Sociologia do trabalho, pesquisando temas como reestruturação produtiva, reespacialização da produção; trabalho flexível; trabalho informal; empreendedorismo; redes sociais e mercados de trabalho urbanos; trabalho informacional; cooperativas de trabalho e economia solidária; culturas do trabalho e mobilidades.

50 ANOS DA PEDAGOGIA DO OPRIMIDO: LER A REALIDADE E CONSTRUIR A ESPERANÇA

APRESENTAÇÃO DO DOSSIÊ TEMÁTICO

Impostor Phenomenon Responses of Early Career Music Education Faculty

This study was designed to examine to the extent to which impostor feelings, symptomatic of the psychological condition impostor phenomenon (IP), would be evident in early career university-level music educators. Those experiencing IP are typically successful individuals yet with impostor feelings that may include debilitating psychological effects related to an irrational fear of failure and exposure as a “fraud.” Participants were post–doctoral degree music education faculty in their first 4 years of full-time college teaching ( N = 54). They responded to the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and to scales adapted for faculty roles of undergraduate teaching, graduate teaching, and research. Results indicated that all participants experienced a moderate or higher level of impostor feelings on at least one of the scales, with five responses indicating intense impostor feelings on at least three scales. Participants’ responses to the Undergraduate Teaching Scale were the most positive. Scores for the Research Scale generated the strongest IP feelings, falling into the frequent or intense category for over 70% of the participants. Strategies that may help faculty members assuage or overcome their impostor feelings include realizing that they are not alone, working with peers, mentors and role models, and acquiring relevant experiences during doctoral preparation.

Przykłady karier akademickich kobiet na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w okresie międzywojennym

The long-lasting endeavors of the citizens of Wielkopolska to establish a Polish university in Poznañ eventually succeeded in January 1919. The Philosophical Faculty constituted the beginnings of Poznañ University (PU). The Legal and Economic Faculty, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry and Medical Faculty followed soon after. In 1925, the Philosophical Faculty gave rise to two new ones, that of Humanities and the Faculty of Mathematics and Nature. In the first years of PU women were a definite minority of students in all faculties. The situation changed only in the last years preceding the outbreak of the Second World War. The number of female students in the Faculty of Humanities exceeded that of male students in 1936/37 and 1937/38 (427:345 and 387:324 respectively); the proportion of female students was also increasing in the Medical Faculty (233:747 and 228:688) and in the faculty of Mathematics and Nature the number of female students was approaching that of males (265:388 and 238:333), while there were only slightly over 200 females in the Legal and Economic Faculty (in comparison to 1505 and 1347 males). A few women were awarded doctoral degrees. In the time period between the academic years of 1920/21 and 1936/37 (inclusive) 1 woman out of 52 candidates defended a doctoral dissertation in the Legal and Economic Faculty, as did 35 women out of 147 individuals in the Faculty of Humanities, and 1 woman out of 57 candidates in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry. While the awarding of a doctoral degree to a woman was relatively common, receiving a postdoctoral degree (habilitacja) used to be a rare achievement. Granting the status of an independent academic, it was most frequent in female faculty members at the Medical Faculty of PU, where it was achieved by Helena Gajewska, Michalina Stefanowska, Anna Gruszecka, Eugenia Sto³yhwowa and Eugenia Piasecka-Zeylandowa. The status of an independent academic was also awarded to Ludwika Dobrzyñska-Rybicka (Philosophical Faculty) and Mieczys³awa Ruxerówna, Helena Polaczkówna and Bo¿ena Stelmachowska (Faculty of Humanities). Jadwiga Marszewska-Ziemiêcka obtained a postdoctoral degree in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry. Only three of the above obtained their professorships before the outbreak of the Second World War: Helena Gajewska (Full Professor), Ludwika Dobrzyñska-Rybicka and Michalina Stefanowska (Titular Professor). Four of the above women were married: Zeylandowa, Sto³yhwowa, Marszewska-Ziemiêcka and Dobrzyñska-Rybicka, who became a widow early on. The absence of family and household chores was likely to make a commitment to academic work easier; this could also be a price for achieving the status that went beyond the position of a housewife which was commonly assigned to women at the time.

Instrument for evaluating child hearing health services: construction and validity.

To validate a matrix of indicators to assess the structure and process of child hearing health services. A study of semantic and content validation with specialists in the area of Nursing and Speech therapy. The instrument contained 20 indicators with scores to be analyzed by experts. The condition for the validity suitability of each indicator and scores were an Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.80 and a Scale-level CVI (S-CVI) of 0.80. Twenty-two (22) specialists participated in the study, with 59% being nurses and 41% speech therapists, of which 32% had specializations, 45% had a Master's degree, 18% had a Doctorate degree and 5% had a Post-doctorate degree. The mean I-CVI and S-CVI of the indicators evaluated as suitable were 0.96, while for the suggested scores the I-CVI was 0.80 and the S-CVI was 0.82. The matrix of indicators was considered valid for evaluating child hearing health services.

A Post-Doctorate in Musicology: Bronisława Wójcik-Keuprulian and Her Path to a Scientific Career

The musical milieu of Lwów in the first half of the twentieth century was characterised by dynamic activities of women, particularly as music school students, which was the reverse of the situation prevailing in the other schools – particularly, tertiary schools. This fostered the female students’ keen interest in musicology, especially that Musicology was launched as a new major at the local university in 1912. Bronisława Wójcik-Keuprulian was its first graduate ever (in 1917). In 1934, she was the first woman in the history of Polish science to receive a post-doctoral degree (so-called habilitation) in Musicology at a Polish university. This was accompanied by multiple complications, including those caused by the Head of the Chair of Musicology. Yet, the applicant’s resolve brought about a successful end.

Relationship between dental malocclusion with parent’s educational status

Objective: To determine the relationship between prevalence of malocclusion in children and parents educational status. Methods: A total of 2000 Saudi male and female subjects between the ages 12-16 years were selected randomly from secondary schools within Aseer region. Subjects presenting with identified systemic diseases were excluded from the study and were examined for malocclusion using a standard orthodontic assessment form. SPSS software, version 14.0, has been used to analyse the statistics of data thus collected. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion for children of parents with post-doctoral degrees was lowest at 76.6%. Parents with master’s degree show a slightly higher prevalence of malocclusion among their children at 4% and 8% in children of parents with only primary education. The highest prevalence of malocclusion was noted in subjects of the parents with Bachelor’s degrees (at 48%) and with secondary level education at 25%. Conclusion: The study shows that parents with higher levels of education have protective effect on their child’s occlusion probably due to better access to resources and higher level of motivation to interrupt habits which affected the child’s oral health. Further research involving larger sample size and distribution involving multiple co variables should be done to explore the potential role of various risk factors of malocclusion.

Prof. Anuj Chauhan: contact lenses as the future of glaucoma treatment

Prof. Anuj Chauhan ( Figure 1 ) is a professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Florida, USA. He was born and raised in India and moved to the United States to receive his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering at the City University of New York. He completed his postdoctoral degree at the University of California, Berkeley. His areas of expertise include tear film dynamics, ophthalmic drug delivery, contact lenses, drug detoxification and microfluidics.

O poprawianiu (ale też i o psuciu) systemu przeprowadzania awansów naukowych w Polsce w latach 1990-2017

Artykuł przedstawia kluczowe problemy polskiego systemu awansów naukowych przeprowadzanych na uczelniach oraz w instytutach PAS i instytutach badawczych. Idzie o nadawanie – przez uprawnione jednostki naukowe – stopni naukowych: doktora i doktora habilitowanego. Autor, po krótkim przedstawieniu tej problematyki w czasach Polski Ludowej (lata 1945-1989) skupia się na ukazaniu ewolucji – i tej pozytywnej i tej złej, psującej ten system – systemu awansów naukowych. Artykuł odwołuje się (w warstwie „dowodowej”) do podstawowych aktów prawnych (ustaw i rozporządzeń) regulujących funkcjonowanie uczelni wyższych oraz – w szczególności – procedury nadawania stopni naukowych. Zdaniem autora w ostatnich kilkunastu latach zaczęły zachodzić w tym obszarze niepokojące zjawiska, które wymagają podjęcia (ale nie pozbawiających autonomii uczelni) działań usprawniających ten ważny system. Aby to uczynić, potrzebny jest konstruktywny dialog obu stron: państwa i uniwersytetu.

Vivere est cogitare. Szkic o dorobku naukowym prof. Marii Zmierczak

VIVERE EST COGITARE. SKETCH ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF PROFESSOR MARIA ZMIERCZAK The aim of the paper is presentation of the most significant scientific interests of a full pro­fessor and post-doctorate degree Maria Zmierczak, reputed and prominent scholar of history of political and legal doctrines, for many years head of the Chair of Political and Legal Doctrines and Philosophy on the Faculty of Law and Administration at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.The scientific interests of Professor Maria Zmierczak include the classical political doctrines of 19th and 20th century and chosen legal doctrines of 20th century. Among the first ones the most compelling is the research on history and the evolution of liberalism and the study on totalitarianism and fascism. The other issues analyzed by Professor Maria Zmierczak consist of the research on the Renaissance of the natural law after the Second World War and the study on the rule of law.

Methods, methodology and madness

PurposeThis paper aims to present findings from a recent study examining current records management as fit for digital government in Australia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on findings from the first phase of research for a postdoctoral degree. This research was collected through an online quantitative survey of government records management professionals in Australia. The survey’s purpose was to understand whether the profession has kept pace with advances in, and expectations of, digital government. Building on the findings of the survey, this paper explores the concepts of methodology and methods and applies them to current digital records management in the Australian Government. Methodology for Australian Government digital records management is contained in the 2015 Digital Continuity 2020 policy. However, measuring method proved more difficult. The researcher supplemented data published by the National Archives of Australia and the Department of Finance with data from her own research to measure the validity of methods by examining suitability of current requirements.FindingsAustralian Government records management professionals overwhelmingly feel requirements, organisational culture and behaviour form a barrier to implementing successful records management programs. This paper finds that the Australian Government is buying ten times more digital storage per year than the sum of all of the digital Australian Government records known. This suggests perhaps not all records are recognised. While there will always be more storage than records, the ratio should not be so inflated. Further problems are found with requirements for records management being seen as mostly paper-based and too resource intensive to be of use. This research, combined with a contemporary literature review, shows that there is an imbalance with the current methodology and methods and asks the question: Has a methodology (Digital Continuity 2020) been created without suitable and known methods being in place?Research limitations/implicationsThe method for collecting survey data was based on self-reporting, which can lead to limitations in that the population sample may exaggerate their response or demonstrate bias. However, responses to the survey were common enough to eliminate bias. The study is based on the Australian Government; however, findings may translate to other governments. This paper presents findings from the first phase of research of a postdoctoral degree. Not all findings are presented, only those relevant to the topic.Originality/valueAs the Australian Government moves to become a true digital government, records management is still required to ensure accountability of government actions and decisions. However, while the government transitions to digital, and information stores continue to grow, the question of whether records management has kept up with the rapid pace of digital information flow and expansion does not need to be asked. Instead, the time has come to ask, “What can we do to keep up?”

Psychiatric mother and baby inpatient units

During the perinatal period, women may experience severe mental health problems. Research has shown the potential negative impact of mother-baby's separation and of parental psychiatric illness, on the child. MBUs care requires different staff's expertise in order to: treat women with psychiatric disorders, ensure child care and development, and support appropriate mother–infant interaction with “good enough” mothering. For this, a multidisciplinary team is needed. Specific attention is also given to the child's father. Most MBUs may admit women with infants from birth till one year old and during several weeks or months.More than two third of admitted women are discharged either symptom-free or greatly improved. An efficient follow up at discharge should be prepared with the women, the child's father, when presents, and linked to familial, social and medical resources. Moreover, MBUs staff should collaborate with other psychiatrists, obstetricians, midwives, pediatricians, and social workers. Mother–baby units should be part of a local health perinatal network including maternity unit, neonatal care, and community resources.Referral for admission in MBUs may be required for women with a first acute episode, or a relapse, of a severe psychiatric disorder such as postpartum psychosis, manic disorder, major depressive episodes, schizophrenia, personality or behavior disorders. Moreover for prevention purposes, referral of women with known chronic mental health problems may start already during pregnancy.Challenge of benefice and limit of MBUs’ care will be discussed with participants.Disclosure of interestFlorence Gressier has given talks for Lundbeck and Servier and received a grant from Servier for a postdoctoral degree (2011-2012).

Niedokończony koncert dla Lublina. Wspomnienie o Beacie Dąbrowskiej (1960-2016)

<p>Professor Beata Dąbrowska – a conductor, teacher, and organizer of musical life, highly merited for Lublin’s musical culture and Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS) – died on 14<sup>th</sup> March 2016. She was born on 5<sup>th</sup> January 1960 in Lublin, She attended the Karol Lipiński Music School in Lublin, and then studied at the Frederic Chopin Music Academy in Warsaw, from which she graduated in 1982 and received a Master of Music Degree in Choral Conducting. From 1982 until the end of her life she worked at the Institute of Music, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (until 2000 it was the Institute of Arts Education). In 1992 she received the first-grade qualification (today – a PhD equivalent) in the artistic discipline of <em>conducting vocal and vocal-instrumental groups</em>; in 1999 she received her second-grade qualification (now – a postdoctoral degree: Habilitated Doctor). In 2003 she was appointed Associate Professor of UMCS. In 2005 she became Head of the Institute of Music. She held this function till her death, combining it with multiple academic activities. At the same time she pursued her artistic activity. In 1987, together with her husband Dariusz Dąbrowski, she founded the Chamber Choir of the Henryk Wieniawski Music Society of Lublin, whose conductor she was for almost 30 years. She and the Choir gave several dozen vocal-instrumental concerts and over 300 concerts a cappella; they took part in many festivals and competitions in other countries and won awards and honors. Most often she performed in Lublin at religious and official state ceremonies, various jubilees, or anniversaries; many times she took part in Lublin concert series (inter alia Ars Chori, Spotkania Chórów Akademickich [Meetings of Academic Choirs]), she also gave concerts in other towns ( e.g. in Gdańsk, Grudziądz, Olsztyn, Toruń, Wrocław). She was engaged in many initiatives of Lublin’s music culture and, at the same time, she improved her skills (in 1990 she completed Podyplomowe Studium Chórmistrzowskie [Postgraduate Choirmaster Training Program at the Feliks Nowowiejski Academy of Music in Bydgoszcz]). In 1995 she initiated in Lublin Międzynarodowe Dni Muzyki Chóralnej (International Days of Choir Music). She organized concerts in Lublin for many years. She was awarded many times for her dedicated and invaluable work, the formation of Lublin’s cultural image, and for the promotion of Polish culture in Poland and abroad.</p>

Relationship of a Second Professional Degree to Research Productivity of General Surgery Residents

Many general surgery residents interrupt clinical training for research pursuits or advanced degrees during dedicated research time (DRT). We hypothesize that time required to obtain a second degree during DRT decreases resident publication productivity. All consecutive categorical general surgery residents at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, VA, graduating in 2007 to 2016 were evaluated. PubMed queries identified journal publications for residents during and after DRT, limited to 1 year postgraduation. DRT varied between 1 and 3 years and was standardized by dividing publication number by DRT plus remaining clinical years and 1 postgraduation year. Median publications were compared between residents by receipt of a second degree. Thirty-six residents were eligible for analysis. Of these, 8 obtained a Master's in Clinical Research, 3 received Master of Public Health, and 1 completed a Doctorate of Philosophy. Publications ranged from 2 to 76 for degree residents and 1 to 36 for nondegree residents. For the 12 degree residents, median publication number per year was 3.8 (interquartile range: 2.3, 5.2) compared to 2.6 (interquartile range: 1.6, 3.5) in residents not pursuing a postdoctoral degree (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in median number of first and second author publications by degree status. More publications per year were seen among residents earning a second degree, with a statistically significant difference between residents obtaining postdoctoral degrees during DRT compared with their counterparts. Our study demonstrates that residents pursuing a second degree are not hindered in their publication productivity despite the time investment required by the degree program. Additional research is needed to determine whether formal research training through a second degree corresponds to sustained scholarly productivity beyond residency.