The study relevance: the need to modernize the physical education system of Ukraine, because of numerous problems accumulated, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the russian-Ukrainian war, expected challenges of the new post-war era. The article aim: to outline, analyze and justify promising directions for reforming and modernizing the system of physical education in secondary and higher education institutions for the near and medium-term future. Methods of research: literature analysis, observation of the process of physical education in secondary and higher education institutions, analysis and synthesis, forecasting. It is important to make a transition to its mixed social-personal model using advanced European experience, contributing to better satisfaction of social demands and ensure a more harmonious development of the personality of schoolers. It is necessary to ensure the development and approbation of modern flexible school curriculums, the introduction of new modules with specific types of motor activity to use relevant national traditions and strengthen military physical training. It is important to restore the educational standards of schoolers of different age categories physical fitness, by the indicators making it possible to determine different levels of physical fitness and academic performance in physical culture. It is necessary to actively involve students in extracurricular forms of physical education, to hold complex mass sports events and competitions, to organize specialized classes in various types of sports at secondary education institutions. Modernization of school physical education is also related to the change in the evaluation system performance, involving attention to the results of comparing todayʼs student achievements with past, as well as the development of effective individualized methods of monitoring physical development and physical fitness. In the system of physical education of higher education institutions students, it is necessary to determine the specific weight of mandatory and voluntary forms in teaching physical culture, to take steps to raise the student creative potential using an integrated approach and innovative technologies.