Post Type Research Articles

How do medical students utilize Instagram to facilitate their anatomy learning during the preclinical years?

In the preclinical medical curriculum, anatomical sciences are classically taught with face‐to‐face, interactive lectures, and laboratory sessions. Although students have formal instructional time for anatomy, there is growing concern that the reduced teaching time has compromised student learning and engagement. Social media‐based platforms represent one such solution, and have been used to engage students outside the classroom. Prior work has identified favorable student responses for incorporating these platforms in medical education. However, the bulk of research has examined Twitter or Facebook, and not specific photo‐sharing applications (e.g, Instagram). Therefore this work sought to answer the question, how do medical students utilize Instagram to facilitate their anatomy learning during the preclinical years?A customized Instagram account (@BuffNBlueAnat) for the George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences (GWSMHS) was created during the Fall 2017 semester for second year medical students (n=185) studying anatomy, neuroanatomy, and radiographic anatomy. Students were recruited to via email and through the application. Participation was voluntary. Throughout the semester, various types of posts (swipeable quizzes, short videos, etc.) were shared on the account. Feedback to student comments on the posts was provided in realtime. Social media analytics, tracking content views and shares, were collected every 2–3 weeks using the Instagram Insights tool. Data was also collected for the types of posts (anatomy, motivation, etc.) shared. A survey questionnaire built in Google forms was used to determine student perceptions and usage preferences. All data were coded and analyzed using non‐parametric t‐tests in SPSS (v. 26.0).Over the semester, 137 posts were shared, with the majority of them being anatomy‐related (n=77; 56.2%). Followers engaged with these posts the most (722 total likes); however, the posts with the highest mean engagement rates were those that highlighted GWSMHS (28.71 mean likes) and provided motivational content (18.81 mean likes). Survey respondents (n=58; 34.3%) overwhelmingly thought Instagram was a useful supplement to traditional anatomical instruction. Students that viewed and interacted with the account more frequently rated the account as significantly more beneficial than those who viewed (p=0.004) or interacted less frequently (p=0.003). Survey responses highlighted the account’s strengths for reviewing content and providing relevance to pop culture.These data suggests that the Instagram account was used to review anatomy; however given the response rate, future implementation of Instagram in curricula should perhaps be formalized. Students who viewed and interacted with the account regularly not only used it to review anatomical concepts, but also to maintain a sense of community at GWSMHS and stay motivated during learning based on their activity. Ultimately, Instagram presents a new opportunity for anatomy educators to engage with students outside of designated class hours. The platform enables interactions and connections between users that can foster learning by tapping into informal educational opportunities.

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Light Transmission and Adhesion of Two Types of Glass Fiber Posts

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Light Transmission and Adhesion of Two Types of Glass Fiber Posts

Facebook Discourse Analysis of US President Donald Trump

SNSs, such as Facebook, focus all their attention more on politician communication than institutional communication (political party, government, parliament, presidency, etc.), which encourages the implementation of communication strategies for personalized campaigns. Thus, most of the times, one can reach the paradox that the image of the politicians is more visible than the image of the party, and the personalized aspects of the strategy of the political actor can even contradict the strategies of the communication structures of the political parties. Personalized communication in social media is also highlighted by the use of tagging, most political leaders using this tool to create image links with other political personalities or civil society (ministers, political groups of the same political party, political activists or even political opponents), seeking so that the original post is reproduced and disseminated by those mentioned, in their social groups, forming conversation communities with users that confirm existing convictions. This study focused on analyzing the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that facilitate Social Media Communication of Donald Trump, the President of United States of America (number of fans, types of posts, interactions etc.) and analyzing Donald Trump's Facebook speech and identify the most commonly used expressions in Social Media during the term of President. The monitoring period is 20.01.2017 - 16.08.2019.

Technical eligibility for endovascular treatment of the aortic arch after open type A aortic dissection repair

ObjectiveThe objective was to report on the technical eligibility of patients previously treated for Stanford type A aorta dissection for endovascular aortic arch repair based on contemporary anatomic criteria for an arch inner-branched stent graft. MethodsAll patients treated for type A aorta dissection from 2004 to 2015 at a single aortic center were identified. Extent of repair and use of circulatory arrest were reported. Survival and reoperation were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and competing risk models. Anatomic assessment was performed using 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging software. Primary outcome was survival of 1 year or more and fulfillment of the arch inner-branched stent graft anatomic criteria. ResultsA total of 198 patients were included (158 DeBakey I, 32 DeBakey II, and 8 intramural hematoma). Mortality was 30 days (16.2%), 1 year (16.3%), and 10 years (45.0%). A total of 129 patients had imaging beyond 1 year (mean, 47.8 months), and 89 patients (69.0%) were eligible for arch inner-branched stent grafting. During follow-up, 19 patients (14.7%) met the threshold criteria for aortic arch treatment, of whom 14 (73.7%) would be considered eligible for arch inner-branched stent graft. Patients who underwent type A aorta dissection repair with circulatory arrest and no distal clamp were more often eligible for endovascular repair (88.8%) than those operated with a distal clamp (72.5%; P = .021). Among patients who did not meet the arch inner-branched stent graft anatomic criteria, the primary reasons were mechanical valve (40%) and insufficient proximal seal (30%). ConclusionsMore than two-thirds of patients post–type A aorta dissection repair are technically eligible for endovascular arch inner-branched stent graft repair. The development of devices that can accommodate a mechanical aortic valve and a greater awareness of sufficient graft length would significantly increase availability.

Clinical Success of Intrauterine Insemination in A Private Fertility Centre

Background : IUI is one of the most frequently and widely used therapeutic modalities to treat various forms of infertility. Achieving pregnancy after IUI is presumably due to increase in the number of highly motile spermatozoa with a high proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa near the site of fertilization. The objectives were to compare the success rates of IUI with that of timed intercourse, compare the success rate of IUI according to the protocols, review methods used to time the IUI with ovulation, identify the factors to determine IUI outcome.
 Materials and methods : This is a cross sectional prospective study conducted in Surgiscope Fertility Centre, Chattogram, Bangladesh over a period of 21 months from 596 patients who underwent IUI. Multiple variables were selected such patient parameters like age of woman and cause of infertility, parameters related to ovulation induction such as drugs used for COH, number of mature follicles and endometrial thickness and laboratory parameters such as post wash sperm count and type of IUI (Single or double IUI) which were recorded and statistically analysed.
 Results : The minimum age for females and males were 18 and 19 respectively and the maximum age for females and males were 40 and 66 respectively. The mean age for females was 27.3 +/- 0.4 years and the mean age for males was 35.9 +/- 0.5 years. Another variable was endometrial thickness where the mean was 8.9 mm ± 0.2 mm and median was 8.5 mm. Furthermore, successful pregnancies also depend on total motile sperm count taken post-wash. The total motile sperm count was 29.8 million ± 1.5 million and median was 30 million. Pregnancy rate for total motile sperm count less than 10 million was 8.6%. For women over 28 and total motile sperm count <10 million, the success rate was only 2.7%.Most of the patients who underwent IUI were between the ages of 28-31, which was 175 (29.3%). The successful conception rate for females over the age 28 was 9.6% compared to the whole group at 12%. Among 596 patients, 71 patients (11.91%) had successful conceptions while 525 patients (88.09%) did not. There is a statistically significant relationship between number of IUI cycles completed and the rate of successful pregnancy. There is also a relationship between the number of inseminations and the success rate.
 Conclusion : IUI is a successful contemporary treatment especially as a good first line invasive treatment for couples with unexplained infertility, male factor infertility, anovulation, female less than 30 years of age. Percentage of actual number of motile sperms appear to have an important impact on outcome. Success rate of conception was also found to be statistically significant in patients with appropriate endometrial thickness. Careful and criteria-based selection of patients along with ovarian stimulation seem to be the ideal model for achieving clinical success in IUI.
 JCMCTA 2019 ; 30 (2) : 26-31

Social Media Interaction as Informal Science Learning: a Comparison of Message Design in Two Niches

Social media provides science learners opportunities to interact with content-specific messages. However, most science-specific social media content is designed to disseminate information instead of encouraging dialog. In this novel, ex post facto exploratory study of a science social media community, we sought to understand the relationships among community member interaction, design elements of messages, and post type on two digital niches (i.e., Facebook and Twitter). Framed by the theory of symbolic interactionism, we conducted a content analysis of 1370 messages that were systematically created by an informal science learning project and found that usage frequency of messaging elements varied by niche; interaction within each niche differed, varying by messaging element; and differential interaction was found to be associated with post types within Facebook only. This study suggests a pathway for developing and examining social media as an educational component of informal science learning.

Studying Risk Factors Association with Osteoporosis in Post Kidney Transplantation Patients

Osteoporosis that associate with kidney transplantation is an important cause of ‎morbidity to ‎the patients that warranted extensive study about possible causes of ‎osteoporosis in order to ‎implement several steps to reduce this risk. The current work aimed to investigate possible association between post kidney ‎transplant ‎immunosuppression therapy type and developing the ‎osteoporosis and evaluate the bone mass by using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) post-renalal transplant. A case-control, conducted in kidney transplant center – medical city complex for ‎one year period (‎from October ‎‏2018‏‎ till April 2019), Seventy - five kidney ‎transplant patients were participated in the present study ‎including (21 females & ‎‎54 males). All ‎patients were examined for their bone density using DEXA scan (T – score) and ‎those with cut – point ≤- 2.5 were diagnosed as having osteoporosis (lumber and ‎hip bones were examined). The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was significantly higher in ‎transplant patients compared to control for bone lumber and hip bone (for ‎lumber bones: 33.3% vs 2.7%l for hip bones: 60% vs. 14.7%). T score was ‎significantly lower in the transplant patients compared to control for both lumber ‎‎(-1.9‎±0.8 vs. -1.1‎±0.7) and hip bones (-2.3‎±0.9 vs -1.3‎±0.8).‎ In logistic regression analysis; only gender and BMI were the predictors of ‎osteoporosis for spinal bone, while; the BMI and calcium were the predictors ‎of osteoporosis for hip bones. In ‏conclusion, Osteoporosis in post-renal transplant patients have a high rate of ‎osteoporosis compared to the general population, post-renal transplant drugs (Cyclosporine, MMF, etc.) did not increase the ‎risk of osteoporosis, and body mass index and female gender were risk factors for osteoporosis

Facebook: Managing User-Generated Content

This public-sourced case describes the evolution of Facebook monitoring users' activity around what potentially offensive or disturbing material could stay posted and what should be removed. Following intense media and regulatory (e.g., Congressional) scrutiny, the company revised policies and reorganized content-review teams. The case offers an opportunity to debate a key question the company faced: What should platform governance look like? As Facebook faced an exponential growth in the number of user-generated posts daily, posts that contained harmful, inappropriate content also increased, raising the need for Facebook to devise a set of guidelines that were not only applicable across many different types of posts and situations, but were also perceived as acceptable by Facebook users. The tradeoffs a platform business makes between user characteristics, intent, outcome, and norms can be explored as students put themselves in CEO Mark Zuckerberg's shoes to redesign Facebook's platform-governance policies. Students will also have a chance to examine how certain platform-governance policies can subsequently impact Facebook's future strategy: for instance, the more Facebook got involved in curating content for its users—thus serving as arbiter—the more potential to shift Facebook from a tech business to a news publisher increased, thereby subjecting the company to a different set of regulations. Excerpt UVA-M-0976 Rev. Aug. 17, 2020 Facebook: Managing User-Generated Content …Social media companies exploit the social environment. —George Soros, financier The posts never ended. It was often difficult to determine the differences. Yet that was Tom Kellogg's job, as a process executive for a firm that contracted for Facebook's safety and security unit. He was supposed to review materials that members of the Facebook community flagged as material that violated Facebook's community standards. If Kellogg agreed, offending content was removed and the person who posted it was issued a Facebook warning. Several citations resulted in suspension of their Facebook account. . . .

To Stream or Not to Stream? A Case of Social Media Management Within a Professional Sport Organization

This is a fictional case based on the actual management of a social media strategy that occurred in a professional sport organization in Queensland, Australia. The intention of the case is to explore a range of social media management themes such as live streaming, audience reach, fan engagement, and decision making as they apply to a sport organization. The case primarily focuses on social media live streaming (specifically Facebook Live) and aims to provide an understanding of live video posts in comparison with other post types (i.e., photo, video, text, and links). The case develops within the theoretical frameworks of relationship marketing, fan engagement, and social media, and is suitable for students learning about sport marketing, sport sponsorship, promotion and public relations, and other communication courses in sport management. Specifically, students are tasked with developing a range of potential strategies to support the lead character, Michael Battersby, in implementing live streaming within a social media strategy.

Evaluating efficacy of different post materials and lengths on bonding strength between root canal dentin and post restorations: An experimental study.

During post restoration, different root structures require several types of posts to increase duration of their clinical use. Several materials have been investigated to enhance their quality and optimize their length according to the available root canal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zirconia, fiber, and ceromer posts with 3- and 6-mm post sizes on the bonding strength of them to root canal dentinal wall with the means of pull-out bond strength test. Forty-eight single-rooted mandibular human premolar teeth were collected and prepared for this in vitro study. With resin cement, 3- and 6-mm study posts including zirconia, fiber, and ceromer were luted to prepare teeth. For the retention testing, the pull-out force was applied to each specimen parallel to longitudinal axis of both the post and tooth. Both type of materials and size of posts changed the value of bonding strength. In all the post types, 6-mm ones performed better. Overall, the best bonding strength was obtained with fiber posts and the better bonding strength was obtained with zirconia; however, ceromer provided the least bonding strength. Current experiments supported that 6-mm post size can increase the bonding between root canal dentin and studied posts. When considering post materials, fiber provided the best bonding strength in current laboratory setup. Second, zirconia had meaningfully acceptable bonding strength; however, the bonding strength of ceromer posts was not favorable. Further studies optimizing post fabrication techniques of root materials may increase the bonding strength of posts to human dentin to an acceptable clinical degree.

Comparative Effect of Mulligans Mobilisation Versus Stabilisation Exercise on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study

Objectives: Objective of the study is to investigate the comparative effect of mulligan’s mobilization over stabilization exercise among nonspecific low back pain patients,to reduce the pain intensity, to improve the functional ability, endurance,strength of spinal extensor muscles,lumbar spinal mobility among nonspecific low back pain patients. Methodology: It is an Experimental study design which was done in Outpatient physiotherapy department, faculty of physiotherapy, Dr. MGR Educational & research institute and Abinaya physiotherapy clinics with the comparative pre and post type. 45 samples with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain have been taken by Systematic Random Sampling method and allocated with 15 subjects in each group. The subjects in Group A (n=15) received Mulligan’s mobilization, the subjects in Group B (n=15) received Stabilization exercises and control group C (n=15). The study duration was 6 months (Base line with 3 follows up). Result: On comparing Mean values of Group A, Group B & Group C there is a significant difference in the Post test Mean values at 4 th week,12 th week & 24 th week but stabilization exercises (Group B) which has the Lower Mean value is effective than Mulligan MWM (Group A) and followed by conventional (Group C) at P ≤ 0.05.

The impact of post PCNL tube type on blood loss and postoperative pain.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of nephrostomy tube type on postoperative pain and blood loss following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods:This is a prospective non-randomized study performed at Aga Khan University Hospital from July 2017 to June 2018. In this study we prospectively studied adult patients (16 to 65 years) who underwent unilateral PCNL. Patients who had nephrostomy with balloon (12Fr Foley’s catheter) were compared with patients who had nephrostomy without balloon (12Fr Nelaton™ catheter). STONE Nephrolithometry score was used to assess the stone complexity. Mean pain score at six and 24 hours and mean hemoglobin drop at 24 hours was compared between two groups using independent sample t-test, p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Over one year, 198 PCNL were performed out of which 119 were included for analysis. Sixty-six had nephrostomy tube with balloon and 53 had nephrostomy tube without balloon. Mean STONE score (9.66±1.4 vs. 9.64±1.24) and operative time (72.84±28.34 vs. 86.05±32.1 minutes) was comparable. Mean postoperative pain score at 6 hours and 24 hours postoperative was significantly lower in balloon group as compared to without balloon group. Mean Hemoglobin drop was similar in both groups (p=0.60).Conclusion:The use of nephrostomy tube with balloon after PCNL as this is associated with less pain and comparable hemoglobin drop as compare to nephrostomy tube without balloon.

Adapting to Mitigation Efforts: Evolving Strategies of Coordinated Link Sharing on Facebook

In the context of a larger study on the spread of COVID-19 related mis/disinformation in Italy, we detected a network of 26 Facebook Pages that performed Coordinated Link Sharing. The potential reach of the network is significant, with a cumulative subscriber count close to 6 million users. Each month, the network publishes more than 18,000 posts. Half of the posts are type photos (64%), followed by status (22%) and links (14%). However, one third of the photos include links in the message/description of the post. The goal of the network is to drive traffic to the howtodofor.com domain, a news source that, according to NewsGuard, fails to meet several basic journalistic standards and republished articles from other media without mentioning the original source. The network is organized in different clusters that, beside various forms of links pointing to the main domain, also post the same image macros at approximately the same time. These types of posts tend to perform better in terms of volume of interaction received. Beside the obvious economic driver, one specific cluster also appears to be ideologically motivated. Over the year, the network experimented with different strategies aimed at maximizing the exposure of their content and, possibly, sidestepping Facebook’s community standard. Starting in March, a growing number of the links shared are posted in the first comment of click-bait posts (either photos or status). More recently, the network also started posting links to well-respected journalistic news sources such as La Repubblica and La Stampa.

Let’s play on Facebook: using sentiment analysis and social media metrics to measure the success of YouTube gamers’ post types

This paper discusses the analysis results of successful self-marketing techniques on Facebook pages in the cases of three YouTube gamers: PewDiePie, Markiplier, and Kwebbelkop. The research focus was to identify significant differences in terms of the gamers’ user-generated Facebook metrics and commentary sentiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and k-nearest neighbor sentiment analysis were employed as core research methods. ANOVA of the classified post categories revealed that photos tended to show significantly more user-generated interactions than other post types, while, on the other hand, re-posted YouTube videos gained significantly fewer numbers in the retrieved metrics than other content types. K-nearest neighbor sentiment analysis pointed out underlying follower negativity in cases where user-generated activity was relatively low, thereby improving the understanding of the opinion of the masses previously hidden behind metrics such as the number of likes, comments, and shares. The paper at hand highlights the methodological design of the study as well as a detailed discussion of key findings and their implications, and future work. The results per se indicate the need to utilize natural language processing techniques to optimize brand communication on social media and highlight the importance of considering machine learning sentiment analysis techniques for a better understanding of consumer feedback.

In vitro fracture strength and modes of cast post and cores luted with self-adhesive resin-based cement

Aim: Cast post and core (CPC) is the main used post type; however, the biomechanical behavior of CPCs adhesively luted to the dentin is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) and fracture modes of teeth restored with CPCs luted with zinc-phosphate (ZP) or resin-based self-adhesive (SA) cements, as well as the influence of the coronal remnant. Methods: For that, 24 human premolars were divided into four groups according to the cement (ZP or SA) and coronal remnant (with or without 2mm). FR was tested in a universal machine and data analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (α=.05). Fracture modes were classified according to the degree of dental destruction. Results: The results showed that there was no difference in FR (p=.352); however, teeth without ferrule presented more irreparable fractures, specially in the ZP group. Conclusion: All in all, self-adhesion of CPCs does not enhance fracture resistance, however it reduces the number of irreparable fractures, compared to ZP cement.

Brand engagement in self‐concept and consumer engagement in social media: The role of the source

AbstractThis three‐group between‐subjects experimental research investigates the extent to which consumer engagement with a social media branded post is directly affected by individuals’ tendency to incorporate brands as part of their self‐concept (BESC) and whether this relationship is moderated by individuals’ exposure to three different post source types. Participants were exposed to one of three Instagram social media posts of a luxury brand, where the only manipulated factor was the type of source. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between BESC and post engagement. The study also shows that content source plays a moderating role in the relationship between BESC and post engagement, such that individuals with high BESC will engage significantly more with content posted by other users, compared with branded sources (brand, influencer).

What You Post is What You Get: The Mediator Role of Reached Individuals in the Causal Relationship among Posted Content Types and Follower Counts on Facebook

Abstract This paper discusses the causal relationships among posted content types, the number of reached individuals and follower counts of a Facebook brand page by investigating the communication forms of a Hungarian Twitch.tv live streamer. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the analyses’ distributional properties is followed by the Kruskal-Wallis H test, which determines significant differences in content types in terms of their total reach, reaction, comment and share counts. The Kendall’s tau-b tests are performed for the examination of interrelationships among the retrieved Facebook metrics. Furthermore, mediation analysis is conducted, wherein the antecedent role is taken by post type, the follower count appears as a consequent variable and the total reach count takes the mediator role in the proposed model. The results of the analysis conclude that the analysed Facebook metrics display statistically significant, strong and positive correlations with one another; additionally, post type has a strong, significant and direct influence on reached individuals and although they do not show a significant, direct influence on follower count, they display a significant, total effect on it. The paper thereby contributes to the existing online brand personality and gaming research, offering value to the research domain of online marketing and communication as well.

Do We Know What Contents Work for Social Commerce? A Case of Customer Engagement in Facebook Brand Pages

Social commerce is e-commerce empowered by social media. Good content strategy that takes into account what customers value is important to success, but very little is known about proper content types. The goal of this study was thus to understand the role of post quantity and content types in customer engagement on Facebook pages using content analysis to collect qualitative data and quantitative data. Content types were categorized into two categories and nine sub-categories according to the 4Ps theory along with uses and gratifications theory. More than 1,500 posts from 183 brand pages were analyzed to examine the relationships between overall posts per page in a week, the page’s engagement, and popularity. The results represent the first attempts to explore content types with various established theories. The findings of this study could reflect the post types of brand pages by industries and guide brand page administrators toward effective content strategy. To cite this document: Mathupayas Thongmak, Do We Know What Contents Work for Social Commerce? A Case of Customer Engagement in Facebook Brand Pages, International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.10, No.2, pp.141-174, 2019. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1602

A Study to Analyse the Effect of Exercise in Individuals With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (Aws)

Objective: The aim of the study is to find out the effect of exercise along with medications in individuals with alcohol withdrawal syndrome and to compare their result with individuals taking medications alone for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Background of the Study: Worldwide alcohol consumption in 2010 was equal to 6.2 litres of pure alcohol which translates into 13.5 grams of pure alcohol/day. In 2012, about 3.3 million deaths were attributable to alcohol consumption. When someone stops using alcohol after a period of heavy drinking, a sought of symptoms typically includes anxiety, fast heart rate, shakiness, sweating, vomiting and a mild fever. More severe symptoms includes seizures, visual & auditory hallucination and delirium tremens (DTs). The symptoms typically begins around 6 hours following the last drink, and are worst at 24 to 72 hours. There are three stages of AWS. Stage 1(mild), stage 2(moderate) and stage 3 (severe). The treatment for AWS includes only medical intervention and psychological therapy which has good improvement. This study aims to analysis the effect of exercise along with medical intervention and psychological therapy for better improvement. Methodology: This was an experimental study design with comparative pre and post study type. Once the study is reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board, 40 samples among 60 were selected from Turning Point Deaddiction Centre - Maduravoyal. The study includes the samples only if with stage 1, stage 2 AWS and those who are willing to participate in the study. Excludes those with stage 3 AWS, recurrent episodes of seizure, delirious mental state and old age people above 65 yrs. The outcome measure used was a questionnaire CIWA-Ar. After getting the consent, the 40 samples were equally divided and allocated into two groups–group A and group B. Group A received exercise in the form of relaxation exercise, breathing exercise, balance exercise (eg. Frenkel coordination) and low intensity high repetition endurance training along with medications. Group B received medications alone prescribed by consent registered medical practitioners in their rehabilitation centre. The intervention was carried out for 45 days. The exercise intervention for group A carried out for 5 days/week and 2 session/day. The endurance training was progressed once in a week. The post score was recorded. The pre and post data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Result: On comparing the mean value, both the groups showed much reduction in signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The pre test mean value for group A is 38.80. After giving them exercise intervention for 45 days, the signs and symptoms reduced to greater extent with the post mean of 9.15. In Group B, the pre and post mean are 38.75 and 19.0 respectively which is significant at P ≤ 0.001. Hence Null hypothesis is rejected. On comparing the post mean of Group A and Group B, Group A showed much reduction in the signs and symptoms of AWS than Group B. Conclusion: Exercise along with medication shows greater improvement among the individuals with alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Actual tendencies in the evolution of financial sciences

Abstract Present article places in the center of attention finance as a science, which examines all relations of distributive and redistributive nature between different economic actors related to the formation and use of monetary resources and funds. Finance has a relatively long history of development, with ongoing substantial transformation. The results of generalization of related studies show that there are three periods in the genesis of finance as a science. First is the scientific status. Second - is related to the transition to the scientific process. The third is the scientific or rational. The fourth period is related to the formation of the neoclassical theory of finance. This transformation takes place so far under the influence of a new factor related to the establishment of the post industrial type economy. Equally important was the process of internationalization and then - of globalization. Last has a double impact. On one side, there is the consolidation of the financial system scientifically accepted as the single global vision on different areas of financial sciences. From the other hand, there is the process of adaptation and development of scientific concepts under the influence of new financial and economic conditions imposed by the superlative form related to globalization. The development of the financial sciences is also related to the need to solve a large complex of important problems of a financial nature, which will ultimately lead to the change of the global financial picture.