Post-traumatic Anterior Instability Research Articles

About a rare cause of calf pain in an athlete: the popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

Introduction:Subsequent pain after a central ligament injury of the knee is usually attributed to meniscal or osteochondral damage inherent in trauma or secondary to knee instability. It has not been reported that vascular calf pain can be triggered by knee ligament trauma.Methods:We report a rare case of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES), discovered during a vascular claudication following post-traumatic anterior instability of the knee. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT angiography which showed a PAES, with a pathway in the inter-condylar notch. The patient had a releasing of the trapped vessel by myomectomy, with disappearance of vascular symptoms six months later.Results:Through this case, we wanted to draw the attention of orthopedic surgeons to the fact that the PAES can be asymptomatic. Its symptomatology can be triggered by a traumatic instability of the knee. Its presence represents a risk of lesion of the popliteal artery during arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Therefore, it is important to think about this disease if a calf pain occurring after a ligament injury of the knee.

A Rare Challenging Case: Chronic Post-traumatic Anterior Instability of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb

The chronic post-traumatic anterior instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is a rare medical condition that impairs the pollici - digital clamp as well as the dextrous function of the thumb. Multiple treatment options could be employed. The authors present the case of a young patient who suffers a chronic anterior instability of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb, due to an acute hyperextended trauma. The injury didn’t get adequat treatment. However, a free tendon graft has achieved a good functional outcome.

Short-term Complications of the Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure: A North American Experience

To report on the intraoperative and early postoperative (<3months) problems and complications encountered with the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure in patients with complex anterior shoulder instability. Between 2010 and 2014, 83 patients underwent an arthroscopic Latarjet procedure for recurrent post-traumatic anterior instability. The group's mean age was 28 ± 10years and consisted of 76 (92%) male patients. A "problem" was defined as an unanticipated perioperative event that was not likely to affect the patient's final outcome. A "complication" was defined as an event that was likely to negatively affect outcome. At a mean follow-up of 17months (range, 3 to 43months), 20 (24%) patients sustained either a problem and/or a complication. The problem rate was 18% and the complication rate was 10%. The most commonly encountered adverse event was intraoperative fracture of the coracoid graft, which occurred in 6 patients (7%). In addition, 1 arthroscopic case was intraoperatively converted to open and 1 patient sustained a transient axillary nerve injury. A total of 7 cases underwent secondary operative procedures. The rate of problems and/or complications in primary cases was not significantly different than revision cases (P= .335). The rate of adverse events reported in this arthroscopic series is not insignificant and is similar to that reported with the traditional open Latarjet. With appropriate training, the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure can be effective for the management of patients with complex shoulder instability. Level IV, therapeutic case series.

Results of Arthroscopic Bankart Lesion Repair in Patients with Post-Traumatic Anterior Instability of the Shoulder and a Non-Engaging Hill-Sachs Lesion with a Suture Anchor after a Minimum of 6-Year Follow-Up.

BackgroundShoulder instability is an important clinical problem. Arthroscopic surgery is an established treatment modality in shoulder instability, but it continues to be associated with a high rate of recurrences and complications. The purpose of the study was to analyze late outcomes of arthroscopic repair of Bankart lesions in patients with post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability and non-engaging Hill-Sachs lesion, with special focus on the incidence and causes of recurrences and complications.Material/MethodsWe investigated 92 patients (92 shoulders) who underwent surgery on account of post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 12.5 years (mean: 8.2 years). All patients were operated on in the lateral decubitus position using FASTak 2.8-mm suture anchors (FASTak, Arthrex, Naples, Florida). Treatment outcomes were evaluated using the Rowe and University of California at Los Angeles rating system (UCLA).ResultsAccording to Rowe scores, there were 71 (81.5%) excellent, 12 (12.6%) good, 5 (5.3%) satisfactory, and 2 (2.1%) poor results. Rowe scores improved in a statistically significant manner (p=0.00) post-surgery, to a mean of 90 (range: 25–100). Treatment outcomes measured as UCLA scores improved in a statistically significant manner (p=0.00), reaching post-operative levels of 12–35 (mean: 33.5). There were 9 recurrences, 1 case of axillary nerve praxia, and 1 case of anchor loosening.ConclusionsWith rigorous criteria for qualifying patients for surgery, arthroscopic treatment of post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability produces good outcomes and low recurrence and complication rates irrespective of the number of previous dislocations, age, or sex.

SHART: shoulder hyperabduction radiological test

To evaluate and quantify laxity of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) in post-traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder with the shoulder hyperabduction radiological test (SHART) and correlate it with arthroscopic findings. This prospective study included 21 patients undergoing arthroscopic stabilization for anteroinferior shoulder instability. The SHART test was performed as follows: a bilateral AP radiograph was performed in the supine position, and radiographs were compared. The shoulder was positioned in passive maximum abduction in neutral rotation, and neither general nor regional anesthesia was used. The angle between the axis of the humeral shaft and the line drawn between the lateral border of the scapular tubercle and the inferior edge of the glenoid fossa was measured. During arthroscopy, IGHL distension was classified into 4 stages according to the Detrisac classification. Extensive distension was considered to be the stages 3 and 4. The correlation between the SHART test and Detrisac staging was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.02). In the presence of a difference of more than 15° between the pathological and the contralateral shoulder on radiographs, the SHART test shows 87% of IGHL distension, Detrisac stages 3 and 4. We suggest that the SHART test should be added to conventional preoperative imaging tests for anterior instability.

Die Tendinitis der langen Bizepssehne bei Läsion des „Biceps reflection pulley”

In some patients with persistent pain around the Long Head of Biceps Tendon (LHB), lesions of the "biceps reflection pulley", associated with biceps tendinitis, can be found. The aim of this study is to describe the anatomy of the reflection pulley and the arthroscopic appearance of the pulley lesion. Therapeutic options will be discussed. The results of a former histo-anatomic study done by the authors in 13 cadaver shoulders are compared with the intra-operative findings in patients with persistent tendinitis of the LHB together with a lesion of the reflection pulley and signs of LHB instability. Intra-operative findings from patients with either posttraumatic anterior instability or calcific tendinitis served as control. The superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) together with the coraco-humeral ligament (CHL) and fibers from the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons form a stabilizing reflection pulley for the LHB in the rotator cuff interval. Arthroscopy shows an association between a lesion of this pulley and persistent LHB-tendinitis. Pulley lesions can occur as isolated ligamentous pathology or together with a partial detachment of rotator cuff tendons. In patients with therapy-resistant pain around the LHB, lesions of the reflection pulley need to be excluded beside more common causes of biceps problems. Arthroscopy is a reliable tool to assess these lesions. Therapy should address the definite pathology.

Use of Mitek anchoring for Bankart repair: A comparative, randomized, prospective study with traditional bone sutures

The most common type of shoulder instability is posttraumatic anterior instability. Treatment is surgical. Of the several procedures used, the standard one is Bankart repair. However, this procedure is technically demanding. To simplify it a suture anchor such as Mitek anchors may be used. A prospective randomized study was conducted to compare Mitek anchors with bone sutures. The results showed that Mitek anchors shorten surgical time by making reattachment of the capsule easier. Shoulder muscle strength, range of motion, and frequency of recurrence were equally good in the anchor group and bone suture group. A roentgenographic method allowed exact measurement of placement of the anchors. This method showed at 2-year follow-up evaluation that the anchors were still in the anterior glenoid. No metal-related complications are found at the 2-year follow-up evaluation.

Arthroscopic stabilization: Suture technique

A new arthroscopic suture technique to repair the Bankart lesion using an intra-articular knot-tying technique is described. Fifteen patients with unidirectional posttraumatic anterior instability of the shoulder have undergone arthroscopic suture repair with a 93% success rate. Intra-articular suture repair promises to be a positive step in the development of arthroscopic techniques for the treatment of shoulder instabilities.